scholarly journals Migracje z ziem polskich w XIX wieku we współczesnych podręcznikach do historii dla szkoły podstawowej

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1 (179)) ◽  
pp. 225-238
Author(s):  
Joanna Wojdon ◽  
Małgorzata Skotnicka-Palka
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
School Students ◽  
School History ◽  
Forced Migrations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
National University ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century

19th century migrations from the Polish lands in contemporary primary school history textbooks The article presents the problem of political, economic and forced migrations of people from Polish lands in the 19th century, discussed in recently published history textbooks for elementary school students. Textbooks based on the old and the new core curriculum were compared. The analysis of textbooks was based on the model developed by Raymond Nkwenti Fru of the National University of Lesotho. This model allows us to see explicit and implicit content and take into account different types of textbook narratives. Artykuł prezentuje problem migracji politycznych, ekonomicznych oraz przymusowych przesiedleń ludności z ziem polskich w XIX wieku przedstawiony we współczesnych podręcznikach do historii dla uczniów szkoły podstawowej. Porównano podręczniki napisane w oparciu o „starą” i „nową” podstawę programową. Podręczniki przeanalizowano w oparciu o model wypracowany przez Raymonda Nkwenti Fru z Narodowego Uniwersytetu Lesotho (National University of Lesotho). Model ten pozwala dostrzec treści jawne i ukryte, uwzględnić różne typy narracji podręcznikowych.

scholarly journals Socio-Political Aspects of Russian Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca in the XIX-Th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (Especial II) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Anvar Ajratovich Gafarov ◽  
Mariam Arslanovna Galeeva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Special Role ◽  
System A ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Confessional Identity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century

Starting from the middle of the 16-th century, during the foreign policy expansion increase, the ethno-confessional diversity of the Russian state was steadily increasing. The imperial policy aimed at assimilating non-Russian peoples sharply raised the issue of their identity preservation. For domestic Muslims, an important factor in cultural and confessional identity provision was the preservation and development of their traditional ties with the Islamic world. Various political, economic, cultural, and other contacts maintained with the countries of the Muslim East have become the basis for the stability of the Muslim community in Russia under imperial pressure. In this system, a special role was originally played by the Hajj (Muslim pilgrimage to the holy places in the Hejaz), which the official administration had to reckon with. The aim of the proposed study is to identify socio-political aspects, socio-political conditions, and the specifics of the Hajj implementation in the 19th century. After the analysis of office documentation, travel notes of Muslim pilgrims, and expert assessments of orientalists, the authors concluded that, despite the increasing opposition from the authorities, the significance of the Hajj intensifies in the 19th century. Hajj became not only the factor of opposition to imperial acculturation, but also a channel for presentation the ideas of renewal.

Brief outline of the history of world epidemics-pandemics Part II. Cholera nineteenth

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
O.E. Fedorenko ◽  
К.V. Коlyadenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Cholera Vibrio ◽  
Holy Places ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imminent Death ◽  
Active Communication ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century

An epidemic of any infectious disease is an invisible ruthless enemy that cannot be defeated by military, political, economic or ideological means. Humanity always reacts to such threats quite nervously and subconsciously tries to mythologize them, at least a little, in order to somehow psychologically protect itself from the real fear of imminent death. Since there is no rational defense against such a threat, people for the most part react in an irrational manner.The 19th century, almost the same as the previous centuries, «started» in epidemiological terms almost from the very beginning of its calendar. Only in contrast to the previous 18th century, the main and dominant danger was posed by another infectious pathology — cholera.In the history of medicine, over the 19th century, as many as six outbreaks of cholera epidemics were recorded since 1817. The first of them began in East Bengal and lasted 8 years (1817—1824), gradually, covering almost all India and big regions of the Middle East. It was worsened by the traditional travels of both Hindu and Muslim pilgrims to «holy places» who spread Vibrio cholerae on foot and through active communication with local residents.One of the significant reasons why cholera epidemic continued with minimal interruptions for almost the entire nineteenth century was an insufficient level of scientific knowledge in microbiology and the resulting ignorance of the causative agent of cholera — vibrio and its properties.Another factor was a complete lack of understanding by society of the need to observe at least the simplest sanitary standards in everyday life. And there was also misunderstanding among the leadership which tried to limit the next outbreak of cholera mainly by administrative measures without adequate explanations of their essence and necessity to the population.

The Drawings and the Modine of Francesco Pieroni for the Ministero delle Finanze in Rome

2019 ◽  
pp. 242-272
Author(s):  
Liliana Ninarello
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Real Scale

The main focus of this chapter is the highly valued work done by the architect Francesco Pieroni at the Ministero delle Finanze in Rome. This contribution can to attribute to Pieroni various drawings and numerous modine, i.e. real scale cardboard templates of various shapes used in the realization phases of the mouldings. Pieroni's activity represents, in the Roman context, one of the first applications of typical 16th century mouldings, to modern and prefabricated metal bar structures, spreading in the 70's of the 19th century. The construction companies were resilient to agree for changes in building techniques due to a lack of expertise. The realization of the Ministero is a case study of this phenomenon. The archival research developed casts new light on the numerous modifications carried out by Peroni during construction phases, which demonstrate the accuracy employed by the architect in designing the stuccos. The chapter analyses two different types of archive documents: the report Spoglio modificazioni lavori di stucco, and the examples of modine authored by Pieroni.

scholarly journals Secondary-school chemistry textbooks in the 19th century

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Milanovic ◽  
Dragica Trivic ◽  
Biljana Tomasevic
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chemistry Textbooks ◽  
The 19Th Century

The teaching of chemistry in Serbia as a separate subject dates from 1874. The first secondary-school chemistry textbooks appeared in the second half of the 19th century. The aim of this paper is to gain insight, by analysing two secondary-school chemistry textbooks, written by Sima Lozanic (1895) and Mita Petrovic (1892), into what amount of scientific knowledge from the sphere of chemistry was presented to secondary school students in Serbia in the second half of the 19th century, and what principles textbooks written at the time were based on. Within the framework of the research conducted, we defined the criteria for assessing the quality of secondary-school chemistry textbooks in the context of the time they were written in. The most important difference between the two textbooks under analysis that we found pertained to the way in which their contents were organized. Sima Lozanic?s textbook is characterized by a greater degree of systematicness when it comes to the manner of presenting its contents and consistency of approach throughout the book. In both textbooks one can perceive the authors? attempts to link chemistry-related subjects to everyday life, and to point out the practical significance of various substances, as well as their toxicness.

scholarly journals The Social Structure of District School Students in the Kazan Governorate during the First Half of the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
G.V. Ibneyeva ◽  
◽  
A.I. Shakirova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this paper, changes that took place in the social structure of district school students in the Kazan governorate during the first half of the 19th century were analyzed. It was shown that the social representation of district school students in the region under consideration changed under the influence of the government policy on education. With the help of numerous archival clerical documents, a complex study was performed to reconstruct the social image of a typical student attending any of the district schools in the Kazan governorate of that time. Based on the results of the comparative analysis of the available archival sources, a percentage ratio of students from different social classes was determined. Changes in the size of each social class were determined using mathematical methods. It was concluded that district schools of the Kazan governorate during the first half of the 19th century saw a gradual increase in the number of students representing various social classes (lower middle class, merchants, and peasants) from both urban and rural areas. At the same time, a rise in the number of students coming from the privileged social classes was also detected.

scholarly journals A POLÍTICA DE CARIDADE, ASSISTÊNCIA E PROTEÇÃO À INFÂNCIA DESVALIDA EM BELÉM DO PARÁ: DO IMPÉRIO À REPÚBLICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Laura Maria Silva Araújo Alves
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
Childhood Care ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

<p>O objetivo deste artigo é trazer a lume a política de caridade, assistência e proteção à infância desvalida em Belém do Pará, do período que se estende do Império à República. No século XIX, a infância deveria ser assistida na capital do Pará em decorrência da política idealizada e implementada pela elite paraense. Assim, a infância que precisava ser assistida era designada de “órfã” e “exposta”. A primeira, dizia respeito, também, à criança que tinha perdido um dos pais, e a segunda, chamada, também, “enjeitada” ou “desvalida”, correspondia à criança que alguém não quis cuidar ou receber. Este artigo está divido em três partes. Na primeira, situo a cidade de Belém do Pará, em termos políticos, econômicos e sociais, no cenário do Brasil República, em interface com a infância. Na segunda parte, destaco as políticas assistenciais e filantrópicas no atendimento à infância no Pará e o ideário higienista. E, por fim, na terceira, trago à cena algumas instituições que foram criadas em Belém do Pará, no período do Império à República, para abrigar a criança órfã e desvalida.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The objective of this article is to bring to light the charity, assistance and protection policy for disfavored childhood in Belém-PA, from the period of the Empire to the Brazilian Republic. In the 19th century, children should be assisted in the capital of the state of  Pará as a result of the political idealization implemented by this state’s elite. Therefore, the ones who needed to be assisted were designated as “orphans” or “exposed”. The former ones, not exclusively, were the children who had lost one of their parents; the latter ones, also referred to as “rejected” or “disfavored”, corresponded to the children none would look after or welcome. This article is divided into three parts. In the first, the city of  Belém is situated in political, economic and social terms, interfaced with childhood, in the scenario of the Brazilian Republic. In the second, the assistance and philanthropic policies for childhood care, as well as the hygienist ideas, are highlighted. Finally, institutions created to shelter orphan and disfavored children in Belém, from the period of the Empire to the Republic, are brought to centre stage.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Grão Pará. Childhood. Disfavored Children. Hygienism. Welfarism. Philantropy.</p>

scholarly journals Through Polemic to the Truth (the case of Debate between Sh. Mardjani and his Opponents in the Volga Region in the last third of the 19th century)

Islamology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Dinara Mardanova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Divine Attributes ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is focused on the theological debates on the issues of ‘aqidah between Shihabaddin Mardjani and his opponents. The debate can be viewed as a mechanism for seeking and affirming the Truth. As one of the possible responses of Tatar Muslims to the imperial challenge, the religious debate is analyzed in the context of changed political, economic and social conditions of the modern period, when the new boundaries of the religious tradition were outlined through theological discussions about the kalam and divine attributes and at the same time the reality itself was revised in the light of the sources.

scholarly journals Intraindividuelle Variation auf lexikalisch-semantischer Ebene bei unroutinierten Schreibern des 19. Jahrhunderts

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 51-76
Author(s):  
Markus Schiegg ◽  
Sabrina Freund
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Historical Sociolinguistics ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Language History ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The 19Th Century

Lexis and semantics are under-researched fields both in contemporary and historical sociolinguistics. This paper focuses on intra-speaker variation in texts written by unroutined writers of the 19th century and examines different types of variation in the areas of lexis and semantics. Our data are taken from a new corpus of historical patients’ documents (see http://copadocs.de), which is currently being compiled as part of our research project “Flexible Writers in Language History”. In order to analyse lexical-semantic variation, we combine a number of different methods. An onomasiological approach is used to explore one writer’s linguistic repertoire and use of terms for women, while a structural approach allows us to compare functionally equivalent structures, such as routine formulae and expressions of a writer’s origo (e.g. I, here, now). Finally, we examine the use of emotional lexis in texts by writers diagnosed with melancholia, which is found to be more frequent as compared to a control group. Our findings provide evidence for considerable intra-speaker variation in lower-class writing. In addition, the emphasis on lexis is shown to have particular value for the investigation of patients’ texts, as this approach provides insights into the stylistic repertoires of historical writers which would otherwise remain hidden.

scholarly journals Desenhos cadastrais do património imobiliário urbano do Cabido da Sé de Braga (ca. 1821). Uma análise preliminar = Cadastral drawings of the urban property of the Braga Cathedral Chapter (ca. 1821). A preliminary analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Carla Sofía Fernandes Xavier ◽  
António Manuel Portela de Sá Pereira
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century

<p>El dominio urbano del Cabildo de la Catedral de Braga ha generado un archivo diversificado de fuentes históricas, fundamental para el estudio del urbanismo de la ciudad. De los inicios del siglo XIX, hay un inusual conjunto de documentos relativos a las viviendas propiedad del Cabildo. Este artículo evalúa estas representaciones iconográficas de significación cartográfica mediante un enfoque metodológico multidisciplinar basado en diferentes tipos de fuentes, con el fin de analizar estos dibujos y proporcionar hipótesis interpretativas sobre su función</p><p>The urban domain of Braga’s cathedral governing Chapter has generated a diverse archive of historical sources, vital for the investigation of the city’s urbanism. Dating from the beginning of the 19th century, there is an unusual set of documents related to tenures of houses detained by the Chapter. This article relies preliminary on these iconographical representations of cartographic meaning through a multidisciplinary methodological approach sustained by different types of sources, as to analyze these<br />drawings and to provide interpretative hypothesis about its function.</p>

scholarly journals The Rock-Carved Tumulus of Nikon in Tisna

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Özden Ürkmez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Tisna, one of the lesser-known ancient cities of the Aeolis region, has been studied in detail since 2018. The first studies carried out in the region since the end of the 19th century localized the region in the Kocakale Tepe - Sarıkale Tepe - Mantar Tepe triangle as Tisna. It is understood that the center of the city is Sarıkale Tepe. The name Tisna first appears on the coins of the 4th century BC in the region. From the Roman era, the city is called Titanus. One of the most important features of the city is that it is surrounded by necropoleis. There are different types of tombs in the necropoleis, especially located on the southern and western slopes. One of these tomb types is the Tumuli. However, as a result of our investigation, it was understood that these tumuli had a different structure from the classic tumuli. We named this type of tomb, in which a rock tomb is covered with a masonry hill, the Rock-Carved Tumulus. The subject of this article is Nikon's rock-carved tumulus, which is understood to be one of such tombs in the region. Our evaluations on the tomb, which has a unique feature in terms of construction technique, indicate that it must belong to the Late Classical period, perhaps to the early 4th century.

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