scholarly journals A Study on the Application Characteristics of the Insoluble MMO (Mixed Metal Oxide) Electrode for Energy Reduction of Zinc Electrowinning Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 424-430
Author(s):  
Mijung Park ◽  
Taeksoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Deposition Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Alloy Electrode ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxide ◽  
Zinc Electrowinning ◽  
Oxide Electrode ◽  
Zinc Deposition

Objective : The zinc electrowinning industry is one of the high energy consumption industries where energy saving is required. In the zinc electrowining process, electrode is a high energy consuming part. In order to reduce energy use in the electrolytic smelting industry, a comparative study was conducted on the current usage of Pb+Ag alloy electrode and insoluble composite metal oxide (MMO) electrode.Methods : In this study, a comparative evaluation of energy consumption was conducted between the generally used Pb+Ag alloy electrode and an insoluble MMO electrode. Aluminum was used as a reducing electrode. The actual on-site zinc electrowinning solution and ZnSO₄ simulated solution were prepared to estimate the electrode potential, voltage, zinc deposition efficiency, and lifetime characteristics under the current density of 500 A/m².Results and Discussion : The overvoltage of the insoluble MMO electrode was 28.9% lower and the voltage was 15.0% lower than that of Pb+Ag alloy electrode. The zinc deposition efficiency of the insoluble MMO electrode was higher 1.9% in the actual on-site zinc electrowinning solution and 6.3% in the simulated solution. Compared with the Pb+Ag alloy electrode in use, the insoluble composite metal oxide electrode exhibited low overvoltage, good voltage characteristics, and high current efficiency characteristics.Conclusions : When the energy consumption of the Pb+Ag alloy and the insoluble MMO electrodes was compared, The insoluble MMO electrode showed 17.0% lower energy consumption in the actual on-site zinc electrowinning solution and 23.8% lower in the ZnSO₄ simulated solution than Pb+Ag alloy electrode.

scholarly journals Measurements of Energy Consumption and Environment Quality of High-Speed Railway Stations in China

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Bin Qian ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Haiquan Bi ◽  
Bo Lei
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
High Speed Railway

In recent years, the energy performance of public buildings has attracted substantial attention due to the significant energy-saving potential. As a semi-open high-space building, the high-speed railway station is obviously different from other public buildings and even traditional stations in terms of energy consumption and internal environment. This paper investigates the current energy consumption situation and environmental quality of 15 high-speed railway passenger stations in China. Results show that the energy consumption of the high-speed railway station is between 117–470 kWh/(m2·a). The energy consumption of the station is related to the area and the passenger flow. The energy use of the station using district heating is higher than that of the station without district heating in the same region. The higher glazing ratio induces good natural lighting in the station, but the uniformity of the lighting in the station is not good. The acceptable temperature range of passengers in winter is larger than that in summer. The average air change rate of the high-speed railway station is 3.2 h−1 in winter and 1.8 h−1 in summer, which is the main reason of high energy consumption of the HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) system in this kind of building.

Outlook of Indian Household Energy and Emission Profile

2013 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar Yawale
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Life Style Changes ◽  
Energy Consumption Pattern

With rapid growth in economy, energy consumption in developing countries like India is increasing at a fast rate primarily due to increase in demand in energy intensive sectors. The adverse impacts on the environment due to high energy demand are also becoming evident. Energy consumption in household sector can be defined as the energy consumed in homes to meet the needs of the residents themselves. To understand the residential energy consumption pattern it is important to identify the drivers of energy use in developing India. The basic drivers are population growth, household size, fuel and technology, income level and life style changes. Energy and climate change related concern of the Indian economy include the growing gap between demand and supply of energy, and environmental externalities associated with energy use. In this paper the drivers of energy consumption and emission are identified and the Indian household energy consumption pattern is analyzed.

scholarly journals Energy use Efficiency and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) Production in the Irrigated Central Clay Plain of Guneid Area - Sudan

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hassan Dahab ◽  
Elwaleed M. H. Basheeir ◽  
Omer Ahmed Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Energy Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

The main objectives of this study were to determine and analyze energy use efficiency in sugar beet production, and to make cost-benefit analysis in Guneid area - Sudan. An experiment was carried out using three tillage implements (disc plough, disc harrow and ridger) for land preparation, seven days irrigation interval and mechanical planter. The treatments were replicated four times in a completely randomized block design. The results showed that total energy consumption in sugar beet production was 35099.20MJha-1, out of which 52.33% of fertilizer energy, 18.0% water energy and 9.0% of diesel energy. The energy use ratio was 28.71 and energy productivity was 1.71kgMJha-1. The results also showed that 73.6% of total energy input was in non-renewable energy form, and only 26.4% was in renewable form, while 34.1% was in from of direct energy and 65.9% indirect energy. Cost-Benefit analyses showed that the total return, net return, benefit–cost ratio and productivity of crop were 2689.6 US$ha-1, 990.8 US$ha-1, 1.58. and 35.3kgUSD-1 respectively. Although large amounts of energy consumption for sugar beet production increased the yield, it also caused in problems related to environmental pollution, land degradation, nutrient loading and pesticide toxicity. Therefore, it is important to look for methods and systems that can reduce the negative effect of high energy inputs and to develop more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly agricultural production systems that increase energy use efficiency and crop yield.

scholarly journals Shading and Air Flow Analysis on Selected Residential Buildings in Al-Bayda City, Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-478
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali S. Ali ◽  
Kozan Uzunoglu ◽  
Çimen Özburak
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Protection And Utilization ◽  
Essential Contribution ◽  
The Impact

A lot of energy is required to provide a comfortable interior with air conditioning systems. The use of high energy in buildings has made an essential contribution to climate change and air pollution. It is crucial for energy efficiency to reduce energy consumption. Applying the architectural principles of climatic design can provide thermal comfort in residential buildings. In this research, an analytical study was conducted on the climate factors that affect the energy consumption in the residential buildings in Al-Bayda, Libya. Eight buildings were randomly selected. The impact of solar energy, orientation, and wind factors that affect the climatic comfort on the selected residential buildings were considered as the leading indicators for improving energy consumption. These topics were studied comprehensively on the chosen buildings, and outcomes of the analysis were evaluated. Users gave answers to the questions regarding energy consumption, protection and utilization from the sun and air currents, and the physical insulation status of the building during the interviews. Independently of these, the results of airflow and shade analysis based on theories of passive design principles for each building have been revealed. It was observed that the answers of users and analytical results were consistent with each other. In the end, simple constructional applications that can prevent high energy use were recommended for future architectural designs. In this way, extensive use of air conditioners and thus air pollution, which has become one of the significant problems in Libya's cities, can be reduced to a certain extent.

scholarly journals Progress of Metal Oxide (Sulfide)-Based Photocatalytic Materials for Reducing Nitrogen to Ammonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Production Process ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Photocatalytic Materials

The Haber–Bosch process has been an important approach to produce ammonia for meeting the food need of increasing population and the worldwide need of nitrogenous fertilizers since 1913. However, the traditional ammonia production process is a high energy-consumption process, which usually produces 1 metric ton ammonia with releasing around 1.9 metric tons CO2. Photocatalytic ammonia synthesis under solar light as energy source, an attractive and promising alternative approach, is a very challenging target of reducing fossil energy consumption and environmental pollution. Therefore, photocatalytic ammonia production process would emerge huge opportunities by directly providing nitrogenous fertilizers in a distributed manner as needed in the agricultural fields. In this article, different metal oxide (sulfide)-based photocatalytic materials for reducing nitrogen to ammonia under ambient conditions are reviewed. This review provides insights into the most recent advancements in understanding the photocatalyst materials which are of fundamental significance to photocatalytic nitrogen reduction, including the state-of-the-art, challenges, and prospects in this research field.

Electrochemical inactivation of paper mill bacteria with mixed metal oxide electrode

2008 ◽  
Vol 156 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Särkkä ◽  
Mikko Vepsäläinen ◽  
Martti Pulliainen ◽  
Mika Sillanpää
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxide ◽  
Oxide Electrode ◽  
Mixed Metal

A wireless volatile organic absorption pH sensor using a mixed metal oxide electrode

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron A. MacGregor ◽  
Sharmistha Bhadra ◽  
Khalada Perveen ◽  
Malcolm M. Q. Xing ◽  
Greg E. Bridges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxide ◽  
Oxide Electrode ◽  
Mixed Metal ◽  
Volatile Organic

Freight Energy Use Disaggregated by Commodity: Comparisons and Discussion

1998 ◽  
Vol 1641 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M. Vanek ◽  
Edward K. Morlok
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Commodity Group ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Intensity Estimate

The analysis of energy consumption in freight transportation is almost always approached by disaggregating overall energy consumption by mode, which then provides a basis for understanding trends and underlying factors that influence them and for developing conservation policies. Another important approach is to disaggregate by commodity, because it is commodity flows that generate the modal vehicle flows and hence the modal energy consumption in transportation. Thus changes in energy use by commodity are important factors in understanding trends in energy consumption and may provide a basis for energy conservation policies centered on industries using transportation. Total freight energy consumption is estimated for a range of commodity groups using an activitybased approach to energy consumption, where total freight activity is decomposed into components by mode and by commodity group, and then each component is multiplied by an intensity estimate to calculate total energy use for that commodity group. Two important findings are discussed: ( a) commodity groups with high energy growth between 1972 and 1993 had a combination of substantial ton-mile growth and modal shift to truck, and ( b) commodity groups of finished products with a high average value per ton in general have a much higher average freight energy intensity than raw materials with a low average value per ton.

scholarly journals Analyzing and Forecasting Energy Consumption in China’s Manufacturing Industry and Its Subindustries

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Sun ◽  
Yufei Hou ◽  
Lanjiang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Independent Innovation ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Energy Intensive Industries

In the context of new industrialization, the energy problem being experienced by the manufacturing industry has aroused social concerns. This paper focuses on the energy use of 27 subindustries in China’s manufacturing industry and it develops an energy consumption index for 1994–2015. Subsequently, the method of grey relational analysis is used, with the full period divided according to years in which change points occur. The empirical analysis indicates that the energy consumption indexes generally exhibit a declining trend. Using the grey model (GM (1,1)) to forecast the index indicates a continued downward trend up to 2025 for energy-intensive industries, which is a more optimistic scenario than the trend forecast for the whole manufacturing sector. Thus, these energy-intensive industries do not drag down the performance of the whole manufacturing industry in regard to energy intensity. In future, more attention should be paid to energy-saving efforts by nontraditional high-energy-consuming industries. Although the results show that energy efficiency is improving in China, total annual consumption is rising rapidly. Therefore, the industry needs to continue to strengthen independent innovation and improve the efficiency of new energy use. The Chinese government should formulate feasible long-term plans to encourage enterprises to save energy.

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