scholarly journals FORMULASI NANOEMULSI ASPIRIN MENGGUNAKAN ETANOL 96 % SEBAGAI KO-SURFAKTAN

WARTA FARMASI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nur Saadah Daud ◽  
Musdalipah Musdalipah ◽  
Asriyanti Lamadari
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Pain Therapy ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Moderate Pain ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
20 Nm

ABSTRAK Aspirin termasuk dalam golongan Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) yang banyak digunakan pada pengobatan nyeri ringan sampai sedang, antipiretik, anti inflamasi, serta anti koagulan. Pada penggunaan secara oral dapat menurunkan efektifitas obat akibat metabolisme lintas pertama. Alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu membuat sediaan topikal nanoemulsi aspirin. Nanoemulsi yaitu sistem emulsi yang transparan, tembus cahaya dan merupakan d ispersi minyak air yang distabilkan oleh lapisan film dari surfaktan dan ko-surfaktan, yang memiliki ukuran droplet 20 nm-500 nm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat nanoemulsi aspirin dengan variasi konsentrasi etanol 96 % sebagai ko-surfaktan. Nanoemulsi aspirin dibuat dengan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) sebagai fase minyak, tween 80 sebagai surfaktan,dan etanol 96 % sebagai ko-surfaktan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 5 formula nanoemulsi jernih beraroma khas dengan nilai pH berkisar pada range 4,0-4,5 yang telah memenuhi pH normal kulit. dengan konsentrasi etanol 96 % yaitu 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 % dan 30 %, dan dibuat 3 replikasi. Hasil uji stabilitas fisik menunjukkan bahwa kelima formula menghasilkan nanoemulsi yang stabil dan tidak terjadi pemisahan fase sesudah uji sentrifugasi dan cycling test dilakukan. Kata Kunci     : Nanoemulsi, Aspirin, Etanol 96%, Ko-surfaktan   ABSTRACT Acetosal known to be a part of the group medications called Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) that was used for mild to moderate pain therapy, antipyretic, anti inflamation and anti coagulan. Oral administration of acetosal may decrease its effectiveness because of the first past metabolism problem. The purpose of this study was to formulate acetosal into nanoemulsion form for topical preparation as an alternative to avoid those problem with ethanol 96% as co-surfactant.  Nanoemulsion was an emultion system which transparent, glasslike, and comes from dispertion of water and oil stabilized by film-coated that made from surfactant and co-surfactant combination, which has droplet size around 20 nm-500 nm. Acetosal nanoemulsions were prepared with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant and ethanol 96 % as co-surfactant. There were 5 formulas of transparent acetosal nanoemultion. Their yield of pH were about 4,0-4,5 were met the normal skin’s pH. They were acetosal nanoemulsions with ethanol 96 % of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. These five were stable and did not show the separation of phase after both centrifugation and cycling test. Keyword          : Nanoemulsion, Acetosal, Ethanol 96%, Co-Surfactan

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN SEDIAAN MIKROEMULSI EKSTRAK DAUN KENIKIR (Cosmos caudatus) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM URAT TIKUS YANG DI INDUKSI HATI AYAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf ◽  
Poppy Dwi Citra Jaluri ◽  
Yogie Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Cosmos Caudatus ◽  
Span 80

Hiperurisemia adalah keadaan dimana terjadi peningkatan kadar asam urat dalam darah diatas normal. Tanaman kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) merupakan tanaman yang banyak dijumpai di lingkungan sekitar, serta tanaman yang sudah tidak asing lagi dan telah banyak dikonsumsi sebagai sayuran. Salah satu kandungan dalam kenikir adalah senyawa golongan flavonoid. Pada penelitian ini mikroemulsi ekstrak kenikir digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar asam urat pada tikus yang diinduksi hati ayam. Mikroemulsi dibuat dengan menggunakan virgin coconut oil (VCO) sebagai fase minyak, Tween 80 dan Span 80 sebagai surfaktan dan gliserin sebagai kosurfaktan. Penelitian menggunakan 15 ekor tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi jus hati ayam. Tikus dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif mikroemulsi placebo, kontrol positif mikroemulsi Allopurinol 3,6 mg/200 g BB tikus, serta kelompok perlakuan mikroemulsi daun kenikir  10 mg/200 g BB tikus yang diberikan secara peroral. Pengukuran kadar asam urat dilakukan pada hari ke-0 (kadar awal), hari ke-7 (kadar setelah induksi) dan hari ke-13(kadar setelah perlakuan). Persen penurunan kadar asam urat dalam darah dianalisis secara statistika dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil uji statistika menyatakan ada perbedaan antara kelompok kontrol negatif dan positif dengan kelompok perlakuan mikroemulsi daun kenikir memiliki nilai signifikansi 0,000. Sehingga mikroemulsi daun kenikir dapat menurunkan kadar urisemia tikus yang diinduksi ekstrak hati ayam namun memiliki kemampuan yang tidak sebaik mikroemulsi allopurinol. Kata Kunci : Mikroemulsi, Kenikir (Cosmos Caudatus), Hiperurisemia, Ekstrak Hati Ayam, Allopurinol.

Prospective, Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Comparison of Local Anesthetic and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Postoperative Pain Management after Laparoscopic Surgery

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Newcomb ◽  
Amy Lincourt ◽  
William Hope ◽  
Thomas Schmelzer ◽  
Ronald Sing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Local Infiltration ◽  
Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Double Blinded

Compared with the open approach, laparoscopy has been shown to significantly reduce postoperative pain. Improving postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic surgery is an area of continued interest. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of local anesthetic infiltration with or without preoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in an Institutional Review Board-approved, prospective, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled comparison study. Patients were randomized into four groups: Group I, preoperative oral administration of a placebo medication and prein cision local infiltration of 40 mL of 0.5 per cent bupivicaine at trocar sites; Group II, preoperative oral administration of 50 mg of rofecoxib; Group III, preoperative oral administration of 50 mg of rofecoxib and preincision local infiltration of 40 mL of 0.5 per cent bupivicaine into skin, muscle, and peritoneum; and Group IV, preoperative oral administration of a placebo medication. Postoperative pain scores were assessed at 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours using a visual analog scale. Postoperative analgesic use, complications, and length of stay were recorded. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. Fifty-five patients (46 women and 9 men) were enrolled in this study and underwent a standardized, elective, laparoscopic cholecystectomy for mild, symptomatic cholelithiasis (96.4%) and gallbladder polyps (3.6%). No patient had pain immediately before surgery. Postoperative analgesic requests, visual analog scale results, incidence of postoperative vomiting at 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours, in addition to length of stay, were not statistically different between the four groups. No complications occurred. The use of preoperative rofecoxib, 0.5 per cent bupivicaine infiltration, or both for postoperative analgesia did not decrease postoperative pain or decrease length of stay after laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared with placebo. Preoperative administration of an oral anti-inflammatory pain medication, infiltration of a local anesthetic, or both had no greater effect than placebo in controlling discomfort after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The challenge of preempting postoperative pain continues and will require further investigation.

Virgin coconut oil enhances neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory factors in the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Sunil Karrunanithi ◽  
Kishore A. Ravichandran ◽  
Lalgi Hima ◽  
Uday P. Pratap ◽  
Ramasamy Vasantharekha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals In vitro anti-inflammatory and skin protective properties of Virgin coconut oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep R. Varma ◽  
Thiyagarajan O. Sivaprakasam ◽  
Ilavarasu Arumugam ◽  
N. Dilip ◽  
M. Raghuraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Mono- and Bi-Phasic Cellulose Acetate Micro-Vectors for Anti-Inflammatory Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Guarino ◽  
Rosaria Altobelli ◽  
Tania Caputo ◽  
Luigi Ambrosio ◽  
Sergio Caserta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Rheological Study ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In recent years, different processing technologies have been engineered to fabricate capsules or particles with peculiar properties (e.g., swelling, pH-sensitive response) at the micro and sub-micrometric size scale, to be used as carriers for controlled drug and molecular release. Herein, the development of cellulose acetate (CA) micro-carriers with mono- (MC) or bi-phasic (BC) composition is proposed, fabricated via electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA)—an electro-dropping technology able to micro-size polymer solution by the application of high voltage electrostatic forces. Image analysis allows identification of the process parameters to optimize morphology, in terms of size distribution and shape. Meanwhile, an accurate rheological study has enabled investigating the interface between CA solutions with different viscosities to optimize BC systems. Release tests have confirmed that BC carriers can retain the drug more efficiently in acidic conditions, also providing a more gradual and sustained release until six days, with respect to MC carriers. Hence, all these results have proven that biphasic architecture significantly improves the capability of CA microcarriers to release ketoprofen lysinate, thus suggesting a new route to design core/shell systems for the retarded oral administration of anti-inflammatory drugs.

scholarly journals Nasal Blockage Induced by Oral Administration of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in a Guinea-Pig Model of Allergic Rhinitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Han ◽  
Takeshi Nabe ◽  
Nobuaki Mizutani ◽  
Masanori Fujii ◽  
Tetsuya Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Nasal Blockage ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Guinea Pig Model

scholarly journals Effect of Surfactant Addition on The Physico-Chemical Properties and Stability of Virgin Coconut Oil Nanoemulsions

Buletin Palma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Linda Trivana ◽  
Nugraha E. Suyatma ◽  
Dase Hunaefi ◽  
S. Joni Munarso
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
The Stability

<p>Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is high quality coconut oil and categorized as the healthiest oil and functional foods. Based on these benefits, the development of a VCO in emulsion product might increase the human consumption of coconut oil because consumers dislike the only taste of pure VCO. The aim of this study was to develop the water compatible form of VCO through nano-emulsification. The effect of different types and amounts of surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80) on the physio-chemical characteristic of emulsion containing VCO was investigated. VCO based emulsions were prepared with the aid of Ultra-Turrax homogenizer. Emulsions were developed by adding and mixing VCO with surfactants. The ratio of Tween 80 and Span 80 used were 0:10, 2.5:7.5, 5:5, 7.5:2.5, and 10:0. The droplet size of nanoemulsions consisting of Tween 80:Span 80 (0:10, 2.5:7.5, 5:5, 7.5:2.5, and 10:0) were 1.343, 0.606, 0.829, 1.439, and 2.506µm, respectively. Based on the TEM analysis and polydispersity index (PDI) &gt;0.5 showed the oil droplets are in not uniform shape, indicating a unstable emulsion. VCO emulsion with ratio Tween 80:Span 80 (0:10) obtained a homogeneous emulsion (stable) compare than that of others and w/o type emulsion. The stability of emulsion is evaluated by turbidity measurement using UV-VIS spectrophotometer with wavelength 502 nm. A combination of  treatments (ambient condition, thermal treatmeant (40°C)), and centrifuge) of VCO emulsion has resulted on thermal treat, the turbidity measured from the emulsion was higher than the other emulsion, reflecting the presence of the smaller droplets in this emulsion.</p>

Meseclazone, 5-Chlorosalicylic Acid and Acetylsalicvlic Acid

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 024-036 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Diamantis ◽  
William C Kohlhepp ◽  
Barbara Haertlein ◽  
John Melton ◽  
R Duane Sofia
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryMeseclazone and its major metabolite, 5-chlorosalicylic acid (5-CSA) have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. The comparative effects of these compounds on platelet aggregation were evaluated in vitro and ex vitro with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). in vitro, meseclazone and ASA exhibited almost identical inhibitory potency of secondary phase ADP aggregation while 5-CSA was less effective. Moreover, collagen aggregation was inhibited by all three agents: ASA > meseclazone > 5- CSA. Thrombin-induced aggregation was inhibited to approximately the same extent by 5- CSA and ASA while meseclazone was inactive. The in vitro effects on the release-inducing aggregants were confirmed by ex vitro experiments in rats. These demonstrated that ASA and meseclazone inhibited collagen-induced aggregation 1 and 4 hr after oral administration although ASA was three to four times more active. ASA, but not meseclazone, was still effective 24 hr after administration. Bleeding times in rats 1 and 4 hr following oral administration of meseclazone and ASA were not altered. It is concluded that meseclazone and/or 5-CSA inhibit in vitro and ex vitro platelet aggregation initiated by the release reaction similar to ASA and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of virgin coconut oil

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Intahphuak ◽  
P. Khonsung ◽  
A. Panthong
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Anti Inflammatory
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