scholarly journals Conflicts associated with migratory processes: a political perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (Especial II) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Victoria Ravilꞌevna Sagitova ◽  
Andrey Valeryevich Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Donor Country ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Political Ethnography ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Migration Flows

The objective of the research was to discuss the conflictive nature of the migratory processes that occur in the world today. The need to adapt and solve daily problems inevitably requires the State to implement international, state and regional standards for the implementation of the rights and opportunities of migrants both in the territory of the donor country and in the territory of the recipient country. On the other hand, we see an increase in the phobia of migrants and the characteristic racism of countries where labor migration flows are increasing. In methodological terms, use was made of hermeneutics close to political ethnography. It is concluded that, for a long time, the criticism of racism has developed as a criticism of colonialism, Nazism, including anti-Semitism, and in modern times as a political criticism of migration-phobia and nationalism, in which the Racist speech and practices have found and do find obvious and complete expression. Migrant phobia is a concept that latently generates motives of political, ideological, racial, national, religious hatred, xenophobia, or hostility towards an ethnic or social group within the framework of social practices.

scholarly journals Risk. Dealing with Uncertainty in Modern Times

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Bonß
Keyword(s):  
Risk Society ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Successful Approach

Abstract People have always lived under conditions of uncertainty. But how to deal with uncertainty and how security is produced varies depending on the social formation. This paper deals with the handling of uncertainty in modern societies. Modern societies always try to conceptualize uncertainties as action-related, responsible and calculable/predictable ‘risks’. This was a quite successful approach for a long time. However, under the conditions of ‘risk society’, this approach is increasingly difficult to work. Especially in the case of ‘new risks’, the attempt to conceptualize any uncertainty as a predictable and cumulatively controllable risk, can hardly be realized. That's why modern societies must ask for and reflect on a ‘new culture of uncertainty’.

scholarly journals Gender, gestation and ectogenesis: self-determination for pregnant people ahead of artificial wombs

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 787-788
Author(s):  
Claire Horn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Biological Approach ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
And Gender

AbstractIn this short response, I agree with Cavaliere’s recent invitation to consider ectogenesis, the process of gestation occurring outside the body, as a political perspective and provocation to building a world in which reproductive and care labour are more justly distributed. But I argue that much of the literature Cavaliere addresses in which scholars argue that artificial wombs may produce greater gender equality has the limitation of taking a fixed, binary and biological approach to sex and gender. I argue that in taking steps toward the possibility of more just practices of caregiving and family making, we must look first not to artificial womb technologies but to addressing the ways that contemporary legal and social practices that enforce essentialising, binary ways of thinking about reproductive bodies inhibit this goal.

Indian medical graduates in New Zealand: does anyone win?

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-138295
Author(s):  
Rishi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Medical Migration ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
Process Factors

Medical migration has become a global phenomenon, partly led by easier air travel, economic factors and the expansion of medical technology. New Zealand has gradually evolved from being ‘bicultural’ to a multicultural, multitextured society. The movement of the Indian people, particularly Indian physicians, will be the focus of this paper. In the last three decades, migration eligibility in New Zealand has changed from countries of origin or ability to speak English, to profession and skills. Despite struggling with its own issues, New Zealand has proven to be a preferred destination for Indian medical graduates (IMGs). India is widely recognised as the largest ‘donor country’ for doctors, many of whom go on to establish themselves as leaders and prominent figures in their field. This migration involves three parties: India as a donor country, New Zealand as a recipient country and IMGs as the drivers of this process. Factors behind this growing phenomenon are examined and recommendations are made so that all three parties can benefit from it.

Compelling Defendant's Appearance at Court in Islamic Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhat Ziadeh
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Legal Representative ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The West ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Law

AbstractDifferent legal systems have employed a variety of measures to insure the appearance of the defendant in court. The earliest conception of an action in Rome and in pre-Islamic Arabia was the voluntary appearance of both parties before a recognized or prestigious authority. Thus, early Roman law could not pass judgment against a defendant who failed to appear, either voluntarily or involuntarily. The idea that the court could give a judgment in the plaintiff's absence—the so-called judgment by default—took a long time to materialize in the West. Classical Islamic law requires that the defendant or his legal representative (wakīl) be present for a judgment to be given. This requirement is predicated on the assumption that the primary function of the judge is conciliation of the parties and not necessarily the vindication of rights. The law describes various measures that may be employed to force the defendant to appear in court. Failing that, it provides for the appointment of a legal representative for the defendant. Judgment by default was introduced into Muslim countries only in modern times under the influence of Western codes of procedure.

scholarly journals Tradycja a praktyki dominacji w obrębie płci na przykładzie huculskiego kolędowania

Adeptus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Marianna Zynek
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Symbolic Power ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Role Of Women

Tradition and the practices of gender domination on the example of hutsul carollingThe Christmas custom of carolling occupies a very special place in the life of Hutsulshchyna inhabitants. Referred to as a religious rite, for a long time Hutsul carolling has been an object of numerous studies that shape ideas about it. In spite of the functioning of many forms of carolling in these areas, both researchers and the inhabitants of the Ukrainian Carpathians recognize as the most important the male form of carolling, which marginalized the role of women. However, on closer inspection it turns out that women also have an exceptional impact on the course of tradition, often taking the initiative in carolling. The article focuses on the, hitherto disregarded in the literature gender, relations within the Hutsul carolling. It also analyses the connection between discourse and social practices manifested in male and female forms of carolling. A look at the official and non-official character of tradition as well as relations between genders and any crises connected with them highlights the domination and symbolic power within the gender domain. Tradycja a praktyki dominacji w obrębie płci na przykładzie huculskiego kolędowaniaBożonarodzeniowy zwyczaj kolędowania zajmuje szczególne miejsce w życiu mieszkańców Huculszczyzny. Określane jako rytuał religijny huculskie kolędowanie od dawna stanowi obiekt wielu prac naukowych, które kształtują wyobrażenia na jego temat. Na tych terenach funkcjonuje wiele form kolędowania. Za najistotniejsze, zarówno badacze, jak i mieszkańcy Karpat ukraińskich, uznają kolędowanie mężczyzn, w którym marginalizowana jest rola kobiet. Przy bliższym przyjrzeniu okazuje się jednak, że również i one mają szczególny wpływ na przebieg tradycji, niejednokrotnie przejmując kolędniczą inicjatywę. Artykuł skupia się na nieuwzględnianych dotąd w literaturze przedmiotu relacjach płci w obrębie huculskiego kolędowania. Analizuje również związek dyskursu i praktyk społecznych przejawiających się w kolędzie kobiecej i męskiej. Przyjrzenie się kwestiom oficjalności i nieoficjalności oraz relacjom między płcią a wszelkiego rodzaju kryzysami pozwala zwrócić uwagę na uwidaczniającą się dominację oraz przemoc symboliczną w obrębie płci.

scholarly journals Muslim Occupation in France According to Arabic Literature and Western Historical Evidences

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
French People

Islam has a long history in Southern France and Italy and has contributed greatly to the formation of European civilization. This has been forgotten mainly by European and French people and Muslims in general. Driven by the Spirit of jihad and the spread of Islam, the Muslim soldiers have made France and Italy’s regions into an orderly administrative region that was previously filled up with injustice. A comparison of Arabic and Western literature, especially French and Spanish and Arabic literature, was conducted to complete this discussion. Arabic literature does not indicate in detail that Muslims have been in France for a long time based on physical evidence obtained in modern times. By conducting a literature study and a comparative historical, descriptive approach, it was found that Muslims suffered a crushing defeat in the battle with Charles Martel in Tours, October 10, 732. However, Muslims were still in Gaul, Bordeaux, and Anjou (Italy), and it took place for 250 years. This shows that Muslims could adapt to the local population. Coupled with research carried out by archaeologists, gynaecologists, and sociologists with Muslim graves’ presence in the Gaul region joined by local residents, Barbarians, and Arabs indicated that the procedure for burial was performed according to Islam. The funerals were carried out in the 7th or 9th century A.D. The history of Muslims in France and Italy is not easily forgotten; these experts’ research has perpetuated Muslims’ narrative in France and Italy.

scholarly journals Current tendencies of migration process development: global features and implications for Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Global Features ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Eu

The article considers and summarizes the main global features and consequences of migration processes, including Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to establishing current trends in the development of migration processes, namely the global features and consequences for Ukraine. The grouping and generalization methods are used in the article (to represent the main effects of migration processes for donor countries, intermediate countries and recipient countries). The graphic method is applied to reflect the dynamics of changes in the number of emigrants from Ukraine, who were granted the first residence permits in the EU from 2009 to 2018. Methods of concretization and synthesis were used in determining the main consequences of migration processes for Ukraine. As a result of the research, the classification of world countries depending on the directions of migration flows (donor countries, countries of intermediate location and recipient countries) was determined. The list of the largest donor countries, recipient countries in the world with the indication of the number of migrants in these countries was determined. The main consequences of migration processes for world countries were determined, concretized and grouped according to the degree of their influence. The list of countries that are the largest centers of emigration for Ukrainian citizens (Poland, USA, Germany, Canada, Czech Republic) was determined. The main reasons for the increase in the number of emigrants from Ukraine in the periods from 2009 to 2012 and from 2012 to 2018 have been identified. The main consequences of migration processes for Ukraine, as a country-donor of human capital, a country of intermediate location and a recipient country, have been identified and grouped. The predominance of negative consequences of migration processes for Ukraine, as a donor country of human capital, a country of intermediate location, have been determined.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Mortgage Lending Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-681
Author(s):  
Natalya Kovalevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
Savings And Loans ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Lending Institutions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evolution Scheme

The present article describes opportunities for seeking the forms of housing finance, which closely conform to the current needs of the society. The author analyses evolutionary developments of the two main mortgage lending systems, provided either by savings-and-loans banks or by mortgage credit banks. Historical development of loan associations and thrift institutions for housing construction is also in focus of the study. It explores the stages of transferring or, that is also called in literature, “transplantation” of the institutions from the country of origin to other countries. As a consequence of that, the modern studies contain such terms as “donor country” and “recipient country” of the financial institution, which reflect the nature of the transferring (transplantation) process. The evolution scheme of the two main mortgage institutions is considered. Criteria and stages of the institutions’ development in different countries are identified and described in the text. The author also analyses the impact of environment on the institutions’ development, which are dependent on different initial conditions of the institute implementation as well as on social and socio-economic conditions existing in the countries, which choose a certain model of mortgage institutions. The author evaluates the opportunity and attempts to develop the German construction thrift institution model in comparison to classic American mortgage model. The opportunities for developing different forms of mortgage lending in the modern context are under review in the article. They will depend on criteria of difference that financial institutions present as well on conditions of their activity.

scholarly journals The Social Construction of the Microfinance Industry: a comparison of donor and recipient perspectives

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Bisen ◽  
Bronwen Dalton ◽  
Rachel Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Media Content Analysis ◽  
The Us

Microfinance has been one of the fastest growing “industries” of the new millennium, with the sector now containing over 10,000 microfinance institutions (MFIs) worth an estimated USD with over $60 billion in assets (Microfinance Information Exchange 2011). This expansion has stimulated interest from both scholars and the mainstream media. There is a growing volume of academic research which broadly centres on two approaches: an “institutionalist perspective” that highlights microfinance as an innovation in applying market solutions to social problems; and the other approach, often described as welfarist, that questions the capacity of an increasingly commericalised sector to realize a mission of poverty reduction. But do these themes and concerns permeate academic boundaries? Specifically, does media coverage in key donor and recipient countries confirm or challenge or even engage with these debates? To date much of this academic literature has overlooked how “microfinance” has been socially constructed in the public sphere through the mass media. Through its interpretation of events, the media can influence the way an issue is discussed and evaluated and in this way influence individual perceptions (Gamson 1988). In this article we present an analysis of recent media coverage of microfinance in one key donor country, the United States and one major recipient country, India. By conducting a media content analysis of 100 newspaper articles (sorted by level of relevance) that appeared in the top 10 highest circulating English language newspapers in India and the US over a 12 month period January-December 2008 we discuss how media coverage in these two countries differed in significant ways. The Indian media sample tended to focus on operational issues and report on specific business activity within the microfinance industry, in general treating it as a ‘regular’ part of the financial and banking system. While the US media sample made broader generalizations about the industry, linking it to meta narratives and broader themes – peculiarly microfinance as an innovation due to its harnessing of market forces to realize positive social outcomes. This finding contributes to understanding of the interpretations, and the differences in interpretations, of microfinance between donor and recipient countries and offers insights into the power relations at play within the microfinance industry and the broader development and business community.

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