scholarly journals Yield of papaya irrigated with fractions of Class A pan evaporation in a semiarid environment.

1969 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
Edmundo Rivera ◽  
Carlos Almodóvar

There is a scarcity of information regarding the optimum water requirement for papaya (Carica papaya) grown under semiarid conditions with drip irrigation in the tropics. A two-year study was conducted to determine water requirement, yield, and fruit quality traits of papaya cv Red Lady subjected to five levels of irrigation. The irrigation treatments were based on Class A pan factors that ranged from 0.25 to 1.25 in increments of 0.25. Drip irrigation was supplied three times a week on alternate days. Results showed significant effects of irrigation on number of fruits, yield and fruit length. Irrigation treatments did not have a significant effect on brix (sweetness). Highest marketable fruit weight (75,907 kg/ha) was obtained from plants irrigated according to a pan factor of 1.25. It was concluded that papaya grown under semiarid conditions should be irrigated according to a pan factor of not less than 1.25.

Author(s):  
Mehmet Ali Sarıdaş ◽  
Burçak Kapur ◽  
Eser Çeliktopuz ◽  
Sevgi Paydaş Kargı

The effect of irrigation and bio-stimulant (ComCat) applications on fruit quality parameters at the ‘Rubygem’ strawberry variety was investigated. The amounts of irrigation water applied were 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 times of water surface evaporation measured Class A pan placed over the crop canopy and the corresponding regimes were denoted as IR50, IR75, IR100 and IR125. Furthermore, bio-stimulant is applied four times with three weeks interval, approximately two months after planting. Applications of bio-stimulant were not efficient on examined parameters. Decreasing of the irrigation levels were significantly increased TSS and sugar/acid ratio which affects the fruit taste. The highest TSS and sugar/acid ratio was determined at IR50 plot with 9.42% and 21.7 values, respectively. However, fruit weight was significantly decreased except of IR100 plot. Moreover, deficient irrigation (IR50 and IR75) may cause a decrease at fruit weight. Recently, it could be crucial strategy to improve sugar and sugar/acid ratio which were prominent for consumers on the eating quality. Also, improving fruit taste with bio-stimulant application at optimum irrigation level (IR100) without any decreasing of fruit weight was determined.


1969 ◽  
Vol 78 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Ricardo Goenaga

There is tittle information regarding optimum water requirement for tanier grown under semiarid conditions with irrigation. A study was conducted to determine the growth, nutrient uptake and yield performance of tanier plants irrigated with the equivalent of fractions of evapotranspiration. The irrigation regimes were based on class A pan factors ranging from 0.33 to 1.32 with increments of 0.33. Tanier plants grown under field conditions were harvested for biomass production about every 6 weeks during the growing season. At each harvest, plants were separated into various plant parts to determine dry matter accumulation, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn uptake and yield. During the first 278 days after planting, plants replenished with 99 and 132% of the water lost through evapotranspiration (WLET) exhibited similar total dry matter content; however, their dry matter content was significantly greater than that in plants supplied with 33 and 66% WLET. The amount of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Zn taken up by plants replenished with 99 and 132 WLET was similar, whereas the content of these nutrients in plants replenished with 33 and 66% WLET was considerably lower. The yield of plants replenished with 99% WLET was considerably greater than that of plants supplied with 33 and 66% WLET, but significantly lower than that from plants receiving 132% WLET. Maximum cormel yields of 19,479 kg/ha were obtained from plants replenished with 132% WLET.


Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Rolbiecki ◽  
Stanisław Rolbiecki ◽  
Piotr Piszczek ◽  
Anna Figas ◽  
Barbara Jagosz ◽  
...  

The effect of nitrogen fertigation of two watermelon cultivars grown on the very light soil in the central part of Poland, during 2012–2014, was evaluated. The field experimental design was a split-plot with four replications. The main plot was the drip fertigation with nitrogen applied in two combinations: drip irrigation + broadcasted nitrogen fertilization (DI) used as a control, and drip irrigation + fertigation with nitrogen (DF); where, two cultivars: Bingo and Sugar Baby were used as a split-plot. The phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied pre plant in the spring, whereas, three rates of 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen fertilizer were applied during the growing season. The fertigation was performed using a proportional mixing dispenser. The ripened fruits were harvested progressively as they mature. The marketable fruit yield, the single fruit weight and the number of fruits per plant, were evaluated. Tested factors presented a significant effect in the yield characteristics, further the interaction among the factors was important. DF, comparing to DI, notably improved fruit traits. Bingo cultivar had higher yield than Sugar Baby, but Sugar Baby cultivar produced more fruits than the Bingo under the DF treatment. This study provides the evidence that on a very light soil with low water and nutrients retention capacity the performance of watermelon can be optimized when nitrogen is applied directly through drip irrigation.


Irriga ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benito Moreira de Azevedo ◽  
José Wilson Tavares Bezerra ◽  
José De Arimatéia Duarte Freitas ◽  
Thales Vinícius de Araújo Viana

EFEITO DA FREQÜÊNCIA DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA QUALIDADE DE FRUTOS DO COQUEIRO ANÃO  Benito Moreira de Azevedo; José Wilson Tavares Bezerra; José de Arimatéia Duarte Freitas; Thales Vinícius de Araújo VianaDepartamento de engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Este trabalho foi realizado em Paraipaba e consistiu em avaliar, durante dois anos, a produção do coqueiro anão, submetidos a diferentes freqüências de irrigação. O plantio da área foi realizado com mudas de coqueiro anão denominado Verde de Jiqui, espaçadas em 7,5 x7,5 m,em triângulo. Odelineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três tratamentos, quatro repetições e oito plantas por parcela, porém, para eliminar o efeito ano, os dados foram analisados como parcelas subdivididas. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação da irrigação quando a evaporação acumulada de um tanque Classe “A” atingiu 10, 30 e50 mm, tratamentos T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente. A massa média dos frutos nos anos estudados foi de2.226 g, sendo que os tratamentos não apresentaram diferenças significativas. A média do diâmetro polar foi de55,16 cme do diâmetro equatorial foi de50,01 cm, o que demonstra ser o fruto bastante arredondado. Quanto ao volume de água, os tratamentos T1, T2 e T3 apresentaram médias semelhantes nos dois anos estudados e iguais a0,486 L. O teor médio de sólidos solúveis da água de coco, durante os dois anos de produção, foi de 5,77 ºBrix, e a média dos tratamentos não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a freqüência de irrigação a cada cinco dias foi a mais adequada em termos de redução de custos de produção e aumento da renda. UNITERMOS: manejo da irrigação, tanque Classe “A”, irrigação localizada.                                                        AZEVEDO, B. M. de; BEZERRA, J. W. T.; FREITAS, J. de A. D.; VIANA, T. V. de A. EFFECT OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCY IN THE FRUIT QUALITY OF THE DWARF COCONUT TREE  2 ABSTRACT             This work was carried out in Paraipaba, CE,Brazil, and aimed to evaluate, during two years, the development and production of the dwarf coconut trees, when submitted to different irrigation frequencies. “Verde de Jiqui” dwarf coconut seedlings were planted in a area with 7.5 x 7.5m spacing in a triangular arrangement. The experimental design had randomized blocks, three treatments, four replications and eight plants per plot. However, in order to eliminate the effect of the year, data were analyzed in split plots. The treatments consisted of irrigation when accumulated evaporation of a Class “A” pan reached 10, 30 and50 mm, for the treatments T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The average fruit weight in the studied years was2.226 g, and the treatments did not present significant differences. The polar diamete averager was55.16 cmand the equatorial diameter one was 50.01 cm; that demonstrates the fruits were quite round. In relation to water volume, treatments T1, T2 and T3 presented similar averages in the two studied years:0.486 L. The average soluble solids content in the coconut water during the two- year production was 5.77 ºBrix, and the treatment average did not present statistical differences. Obtained results showed that frequency irrigation with 5-day intervals was the most appropriate one for production cost reduction and income increase. KEYWORDS: irrigation management, Class “A” pan, trickle irrigation


1998 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. GOENAGA ◽  
H. IRIZARRY

A three-year study was conducted on an Ultisol to determine the water requirement, yield and fruit-quality traits of three ratoon crops (R1, R2, R3) of ‘Grande Naine’ banana (Musa acuminata Colla, AAA group) subjected to four levels of irrigation. The irrigation treatments were based on Class A pan factors ranging from 0.0 (rainfed) to 1.0 in increments of 0.25. When needed, drip irrigation was supplied three times a week on alternate days. Results showed significant (p < 0.01) irrigation treatment and crop effects on bunch weight, yield, bunch mean hand weight, weight and fruit diameter of the third and last hands, and length of fruits of the third hand. Highest marketable yield (47.9 t ha−1) was obtained from the R2 crop with water application according to a pan factor of 1.0. It was concluded that irrigating the crop according to a pan factor of 1.0 was sufficient to justify the investment of a drip-irrigation system for a farm in the mountain region.


2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos

Two field studies were conducted to compare the effects of preplant nitrogen (N) rates and irrigation programs on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and yields. Irrigation programs were seepage (subsurface) irrigation alone at a water volume of 28 acre-inches/acre per season and seepage plus drip irrigation at a volume of 28 and 14 acre-inches/acre per season, respectively. Preplant N fertilization rates were 200, 250, and 300 lb/acre, using ammonium nitrate as the N source. There were significant irrigation program by N rate interactions for nitrate (NO3−) petiole concentrations at 8 weeks after transplanting (WAT), and yield of extra-large fruit and total marketable fruit, but not for plant height at 5 and 7 WAT. The highest NO3-N petiole concentrations were found in plots treated with 200, 250, and 300 lb/acre for N and seepage plus drip irrigation, and with 300 lb/acre N under seepage irrigation alone. For the total marketable fruit weight, there were no differences among N rates in those plots irrigated with the seepage plus drip combination, ranging between 23.8 and 25.9 tons/acre. However, there was a significant N effect in plots receiving only seepage irrigation with marketable fruit weight almost doubling from 12.0 to 22.7 tons/acre when applying 200 and 300 lb/acre N, respectively. Both irrigation programs had equivalent performance when 300 lb/acre N were applied.


1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Dangler ◽  
Salvadore J. Locascio

Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown on polyethylene-mulched beds of an Arredondo fine sand during two seasons to evaluate the effects of trickle-applied N and/or K, percentages of trickle-applied N and K (50%, 75%, and 100%), and schedules of N and K application on fruit yield, and leaf and shoot N and K concentrations. The daily irrigation requirement, calculated at 47% of the water evaporated from a U.S. Weather Service Class A pan (Epan), was met by the application of 4.6 mm to 7.2 mm water/day. Fertilizer was injected weekly in a variable (2% to 12.5% of the total amount weekly) or constant (8.3% of the total amount weekly) schedule during the first 12 weeks of each season. Trickle-applied nutrients and trickle-applied percentage of nutrients interacted in their effects on early, midseason, and total marketable fruit yields. When N + K and N were trickle-applied, the mean early total marketable fruit yield decreased linearly from 25.3 t·ha-1 to 16.3 t·ha-1 as the trickle-applied percentage of nutrients increased from 50% to 100%; but when K was trickle-applied (100% preplant-applied N), yields were not affected by the trickle-applied percentage (mean 26.3 t·ha-1). The weekly schedule of N and K injection had no effect on fruit yield or other characteristics. Higher leaf N and K concentrations early in the season were obtained when the respective nutrient was 50% to 100% preplant-applied than when the respective nutrient was 75% to 100% trickle-applied; but late in the season, higher concentrations were obtained when the respective nutrient was trickle-applied. Higher yields, however, were associated with higher early season leaf N concentrations rather than with higher late-season leaf N or K concentrations.


1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl E. Albregts ◽  
George J. Hochnmth ◽  
Craig K. Chandler ◽  
John Cornell ◽  
Jay Harrison

`Oso Grande' and `Sweet Charlie' strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in 1991-92 and `Oso Grande' and `Seascape' in 1992-93 were grown in a K fertilization study using polyethylene-mulched and fumigated beds. Potassium was injected weekly into the drip irrigation system at 0.28,0.56,0.84, 1.12, and 1.40 kg K/ha per day. Early, March, and total-season marketable fruit yields were not affected by K rate during either season. The average fruit weight of `Oso Grande' for the early, March, and total-season harvest periods in the 1992-93 season decreased with increased K rate. For the same harvest periods, `Seascape' average fruit weight increased, decreased, and did not change, respectively, with increased K rate. Cull fruit yield during both seasons and fruit firmness during the 1992-93 season were not affected by K rate. Petiole sap, whole leaf, and leaf blade K concentrations increased with increasing K rates on most sampling dates during both seasons. `Oso Grande' and `Sweet Charlie' produced similar total marketable fruit yields the first season, but `Oso Grande' produced higher total yields than `Seascape' during all harvest periods of the second season.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ratna Shanti

The purpose of this study was to  determine  optimum water requirement of eggplant (Solanummelongena  L) onsandy clay loam soil of Ultisols during  it growth period. The experiment was conducted on 5th May to 27thAgust2017  in glass house Faculty of Agiculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda. The pot experiment was designed Completely Randomized Design  that consisted of four treatments  level with seven replications. Treatment  based  on  water avaibility (WA), those are  :  A = 494 ml  (50 % WA),   B = 670 ml  (75 % of  WA) C = 846 ml ( 100 %  of WA)  and  D =   1022 ml (  125 % of WA).Each  experiment  pot contained   10 kg  dried  soil.  The  treated  pots(after watering)   have  weight  respectively,   A=  10494  g,  B =  10670  g,  C= 10846 g, and   D= 11022 g. These  pots will be  weighted  every  daycontinouslyduring plant  growth and  maintained   those pot  weight  respectively.Vegetative  and  generative data  were collected  and  statistical analyzed using variance analysis. If the treatments showed significant different  effect, the statistical analysis of those treatment continued by Least Significant Different (LSD) test at 5% level to find out the  optimum water requirement level. The results of the experiment showed that  treatments of watering  was significant   effect on the average of vegetative  parameters, (vegetative  growth i.e.plant height at the age 20, 40, and 60 days,  blooming after planting.) and  significant  effect for generative parameters (fruit number, length and  fruit weight).The optimum  water requirement   for  eggplant at  506 ml pot-1  therefore during growth period  eggplant   needs   40,731 ml of waterfor  maximum yield.  


Irriga ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Leandro Manoel Alves de Sousa ◽  
Hélio Grassi Filho

AVALIAÇÃO DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO POTÁSSICA NA PRODUÇÃO E QUALIDADE DA ALFACE (Lactuca sativa L.) AMERICANA EM ESTUFA  Leandro Manoel Alves de SousaDep. de Eng. Rural- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas -UNESP -  Botucatu - SPFone: (14) 6820 - 7165 - Fax: (14) 6820 - 7194  CEP: 18603-970 [email protected]élio Grassi FilhoDep. de Recursos Naturais Área de Ciência do Solo - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas -UNESP - Botucatu - SP  Fone: (14) 6820 - 7100   CEP: [email protected]  1 RESUMO O ensaio foi  realizado na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural FCA/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu - SP, Brasil, no período de junho à agosto, e teve por objetivo avaliar níveis de adubação potássica em cobertura, aplicadas via água de irrigação (fertirrigação), na cultura da alface tipo americana. Utilizou-se uma estufa de arcos com 192 m2 e altura de 4,0 m, onde foram instaladas 24 parcelas (6 tratamentos x 4 repetições) de 3,0 x 1,10 m, nas quais foram transplantadas as mudas de alface com espaçamento de 0,30 m  entre plantas e que receberam os seguintes tratamentos: K0-sem potássio, K30-com 30kg ha-1 de K2O, K60-com 60kg ha-1 de K2O, K90-com 90kg ha-1 de K2O, K120-com 120kg ha-1 de K2O, e Padrão do produtor, que teve os mesmos níveis de adubação de cobertura, usada por produtores da região de Lavras - MG (200 kg de K2O + 70 kg de CaO).  Os tratamentos receberam dosagens fixas de 90kg ha-1 de N e foram divididos em 4 aplicações de cobertura (8, 18, 26 e 34 dias, após o transplante).  O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi por gotejamento e o manejo foi realizado  em função de tensiômetros com turno de rega variado, o qual foi comparado com o método de tanque Classe A para 100% da evaporação do tanque.O experimento mostrou que a aplicação de doses crescentes de potássio (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1) via fertirrigação não proporcionaram diferença significativa e nem correlação entre elas, para a produção e qualidade da alface americana.  O manejo da fertirrigação proposto pelos produtores não diferenciou dos demais tratamentos. O uso de tensiômetros no monitoramento da umidade do solo, mostrou-se mais eficiente do que o método do tanque Classe A, para 100% da evaporação, alcançando uma economia de 54% do volume de água utilizado, sem afetar o desenvolvimento da cultura.  UNITERMOS: fertirrigação, potássio, alface, estufa, irrigação localizada  SOUSA, L. M. A. de,  GRASSI FILHO, H.  EVALUATION OF POTASSIUM FERTIGATION ON THE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF CRESPHEAD LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) IN GREENHOUSE  2 ABSTRACT The present work was accomplished at the experimental area of the Department of Rural Engineering FCA/UNESP, Botucatu - SP, Brazil, and the objective was to evaluate levels of potassium fertilizer in covering, applied by irrigation water (fertigation), in cresphead lettuce.A greenhouse of metallic arches was used with 4,0 m tall and 192 m2 of area, where 24 portions were installed (6 treatments x 4 repetitions) of 3,0 x 1,10 m, in which the lettuce seedlings were transplanted with spacing of 0,30 m between plants and that received the following treatments: K0 (without potassium), K30 (using 30kg ha-1 of K2O), K60 (using 60kg ha-1 of K2O), K90 (using 90kg ha-1 of K2O), K120 (using 120kg ha-1 of K2O), and T-control, with the same levels of covering fertilizer, used for farmers of Lavras - MG (200 kg of K2O + 70 kg of CaO).The treatments received fixed levels of 90kg ha-1 of N and that were divided in 4 covering applications (8, 18, 26 and 34 days, after the transplant). The system used was drip irrigation and the setting of the quantity of water to be applied was made through the tensiometers, which was compared with the 100% Class A Pan evaporation method.The experiment verified that the application of growing doses of potassium (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) by fertigation, didn't provide significant difference  nor correlation between them, for the production and quality of the cresphead lettuce. The handling of the fertigation proposed by the farmers  didn't differentiate of the other treatments.The tensiometers use in the monitoring of the humidity of the soil, has shown more efficient than the 100% Class A Pan evaporation method, reaching an economy of 54% of the water volume used, without affecting the culture development.   KEYWORDS: fertigation, potassium, lettuce, plastic tunnel, drip irrigation


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