scholarly journals Breaking CAS-Lock and Its Variants by Exploiting Structural Traces

2021 ◽  
pp. 418-440
Author(s):  
Abhrajit Sengupta ◽  
Nimisha Limaye ◽  
Ozgur Sinanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Boolean Satisfiability ◽  
Point Function ◽  
Extensive Simulation ◽  
Logic Locking ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Intellectual Property Theft

Logic locking is a prominent solution to protect against design intellectual property theft. However, there has been a decade-long cat-and-mouse game between defenses and attacks. A turning point in logic locking was the development of miterbased Boolean satisfiability (SAT) attack that steered the research in the direction of developing SAT-resilient schemes. These schemes, however achieved SAT resilience at the cost of low output corruption. Recently, cascaded locking (CAS-Lock) [SXTF20a] was proposed that provides non-trivial output corruption all-the-while maintaining resilience to the SAT attack. Regardless of the theoretical properties, we revisit some of the assumptions made about its implementation, especially about security-unaware synthesis tools, and subsequently expose a set of structural vulnerabilities that can be exploited to break these schemes. We propose our attacks on baseline CAS-Lock as well as mirrored CAS (M-CAS), an improved version of CAS-Lock. We furnish extensive simulation results of our attacks on ISCAS’85 and ITC’99 benchmarks, where we show that CAS-Lock/M-CAS can be broken with ∼94% success rate. Further, we open-source all implementation scripts, locked circuits, and attack scripts for the community. Finally, we discuss the pitfalls of point function-based locking techniques including Anti-SAT [XS18] and Stripped Functionality Logic Locking(SFLL-HD) [YSN+17], which suffer from similar implementation issues.

scholarly journals In the service of secrecy: An enveloped history of priority, proof and patents

2021 ◽  
pp. 135918352110288
Author(s):  
Eva Hemmungs Wirtén
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Property System ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Propriété Industrielle ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Double Envelope ◽  
Double Compartment

This article is about an everyday paper object: an envelope. However, as opposed to most other flat paper containers, the enveloppe Soleau can only be bought from L’Institut national de la propriété industrielle (INPI) in Paris. At the cost of €15 you get a perforated, double-compartment envelope allowing you to constitute proof of creation and assign a precise date to your idea or project. But the enveloppe Soleau is something much more than just a simple and cheap way by which you can prove priority in any creative domain. It is a material footprint anchored to centuries of practices associated with disclosure and secrecy, a gateway into the infrastructure of the intellectual property system and its complicated relationship to the forms of knowledge it purports to hold. The purpose of this article is to consider the making of the enveloppe Soleau as a bureaucratic document, a material device performing a particular kind of legal paperwork. In four different vignettes, the article tracks the material becoming of the enveloppe Soleau as an evidentiary receptacle, beginning by going back to early modern practices of secrecy and priority, continuing with its consolidation in two patents (from 1910 and 1911) to the inventor Eugène Soleau (1852–1929), and ending up, in 2016, dematerialized in the e-Soleau. As a bureaucratic document, the enveloppe Soleau shows just how much work a mundane paper object can perform, navigating a particular materiality (a patented double envelope); formalized processes of proof (where perforations have legal significance); the practices of double archiving (in an institution and with the individual) and strict temporal limitations (a decade). Ultimately, the enveloppe Soleau travels between the material and immaterial, between private and public, between secrecy and disclosure, but also between what we perceive of as the outside and inside of the intellectual property system.

scholarly journals Hybrid Chirp Signal Design for Improved Long-Range (LoRa) Communications

Signals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Md. Noor-A-Rahim ◽  
M. Omar Khyam ◽  
Apel Mahmud ◽  
Xinde Li ◽  
Dirk Pesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Signal Design ◽  
Chirp Signal ◽  
Performance Gain ◽  
Extensive Simulation ◽  
Noise Interference ◽  
Chirp Signals ◽  
Simulation Results

Long-range (LoRa) communication has attracted much attention recently due to its utility for many Internet of Things applications. However, one of the key problems of LoRa technology is that it is vulnerable to noise/interference due to the use of only up-chirp signals during modulation. In this paper, to solve this problem, unlike the conventional LoRa modulation scheme, we propose a modulation scheme for LoRa communication based on joint up- and down-chirps. A fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based demodulation scheme is devised to detect modulated symbols. To further improve the demodulation performance, a hybrid demodulation scheme, comprised of FFT- and correlation-based demodulation, is also proposed. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through extensive simulation results. Compared to the conventional LoRa modulation scheme, we show that the proposed scheme exhibits over 3 dB performance gain at a bit error rate of 10−4.

scholarly journals Intellectual Property Theft Protection in IoT Based Precision Agriculture Using SDN

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1987
Author(s):  
Md. Selim Hossain ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md. Sazzadur Rahman ◽  
A. S. M. Sanwar Hosen ◽  
Changho Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Packet Error Rate ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Time Jitter ◽  
Intellectual Property Theft

In this work, we examine the privacy and safety issues of Internet of Things (IoT)-based Precision Agriculture (PA), which could lead to the problem that industry is currently experiencing as a result of Intellectual Property Theft (IPT). Increasing IoT-based information flow in PA will make a system less secure if a proper security mechanism is not ensured. Shortly, IoT will transform everyday lives with its applications. Intellectual Property (IP) is another important concept of an intelligent farming system. If the IP of a wise farming system leaks, it damages all intellectual ideas like cultivation patterns, plant variety rights, and IoT generated information of IoT-based PA. Thus, we proposed an IoT enabled SDN gateway regulatory system that ensures control of a foreign device without having access to sensitive farm information. Most of the farm uses its devices without the use of its integrated management and memory unit. An SDN-based structure to solve IP theft in precision farming has been proposed. In our proposed concept, a control system integrates with the cloud server, which is called the control hub. This hub will carry out the overall PA monitoring system. By hiring the farm devices in the agricultural system, these devices must be tailored according to our systems. Therefore, our proposed PA is a management system for all controllable inputs. The overall goal is to increase the probability of profit and reduce the likelihood of IPT. It does not only give more information but also improves information securely by enhancing the overall performance of PA. Our proposed PA architecture has been measured based on the throughput, round trip time, jitter, packet error rate, and the cumulative distribution function. Our achieved results reduced around (1.66–6.46)% compared to the previous research. In the future, blockchain will be integrated with this proposed architecture for further implementation.

scholarly journals Techno-economical study of solar water pumping system: optimum design, evaluation, and comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Hussein A. Kazem ◽  
Anas Quteishat ◽  
Mahmoud A. Younis
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Cost

Solar water pumping systems are fundamental entities for water transmission and storage purposes whether it is has been used in irrigation or residential applications. The use of photovoltaic (PV) panels to support the electrical requirements of these pumping systems has been executed globally for a long time. However, introducing optimization sizing techniques to such systems can benefit the end-user by saving money, energy, and time. This paper proposed solar water pumping systems optimum design for Oman. The design, and evaluation have been carried out through intuitive, and numerical methods. Based on hourly meteorological data, the simulation used both HOMER software and numerical method using MATLAB code to find the optimum design. The selected location ambient temperature variance from 12.8 °C to 44.5 °C over the year and maximum insolation is 7.45 kWh/m2/day, respectively. The simulation results found the average energy generated, annual yield factor, and a capacity factor of the proposed system is 2.9 kWh, 2016.66 kWh/kWp, and 22.97%, respectively, for a 0.81 kW water pump, which is encouraging compared with similar studied systems. The capital cost of the system is worth it, and the cost of energy has compared with other systems in the literature. The comparison shows the cost of energy to be in favor of the MATLAB simulation results with around 0.24 USD/kWh. The results show successful operation and performance parameters, along with cost evaluation, which proves that PV water pumping systems are promising in Oman.

scholarly journals Optimal Sizing of a Pv-Wind Hybrid System Using Measured and Generated Database

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Abdellah Benallal ◽  
◽  
Nawel Cheggaga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Electrical Load ◽  
Wind Potential ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Cost

Renewable energy hybrid systems give a good solution in isolated sites, in the Algerian desert; wind and solar potentials are considerably perfect for a combination in a renewable energy hybrid system to satisfy local village electrical load and minimize the storage requirements, which leads to reduce the cost of the installation. For a good sizing, it is essential to know accurately the solar potential of the installation area also wind potential at the same height where wind electric generators will be placed. In this work, we optimize a completely autonomous PV-wind hybrid system and show the techno-economical effects of the height of the wind turbine on the sizing of the hybrid system. We also compare the simulation results obtained from using wind speed measured data at 10 meters and 40 meters of height with the ones obtained from using wind speed extrapolation on HOMER software.

scholarly journals Comparative study of endoscopic tympanoplasty and conventional tympanoplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1804
Author(s):  
Priyanka Aggarwal ◽  
Barjinder Singh Sohal ◽  
J. P. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Hearing Improvement ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Results Of Surgery ◽  
Endoscopic Tympanoplasty

<p><strong>Background:</strong> To compare the results of endoscopic tympanoplasty with that of conventional tympanoplasty and to evaluate and compare the graft uptake in both of these methods. The study was done to evaluate the improvement in hearing after tympanoplasty and the problems faced while doing the endoscope assisted tympanoplasty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between July 2010 to June 2013, 50 patients underwent tympanoplasty, 25 were endoscope assisted (group A) and 25 were microscope assisted (group B). Results of surgery were compared at the end of three and six months post operation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The success rate in terms of graft uptake rate was 88% with endoscope assisted tympanoplasty and 84% with other microscope assisted tympanoplasty. Overall success rate was 86.0%. Mean hearing improvement was (16.24±10.21 dB) and (14.28±7.10 dB) in group A and group B respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tympanoplasty with its visualization of hidden corners, justifies tympanoplasty by using endoscope in selected cases with comparable improved results in the literature. Furthermore, the cost of the endoscope is much less (about 10%) in comparision to operating microscope, making it more cost effective in developing countries. However, the endoscope cannot be employed in every case as one hand is blocked. In terms of Patient comfort, the endoscope assisted outnumbers the benefits of other conventional methods.<strong></strong></p>

DFCWs Design Based on Improved DPSO

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 623-627
Author(s):  
Jing Jun Li ◽  
Yong Hua Jiang ◽  
Bo Dan ◽  
Wei Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Correlation Energy ◽  
Code Length ◽  
Discrete Particle ◽  
Frequency Coding ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Correlation Level

Orthogonal discrete frequency coding waveforms(DFCWs) is an ideal quasi-orthogonal waveform. This paper analyses the ambiguity function of DFCWs and the results indicate that the correlation characteristics of DFCWs have only relationship with the code length and coding order. Based on the theoretical analysis, we defined the cross-correlation energy as the cost function, and used the improved discrete particle swarmoptimization(DPSO) to optimize the order of DFCWs. The new signal can effectively restrain the cross-correlation level between the two DFCWs. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the designed DFCWs.

Fuzzy Logic Controller for Force Feedback Control of Quadcopter via Tether

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennett Breese ◽  
Drew Scott ◽  
Shraddha Barawkar ◽  
Manish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Extensive Simulation ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Area Surveillance ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Long Endurance

Abstract Tethered drone systems can be used to perform long-endurance tasks such as area surveillance and relay stations for wireless communication. However, all the existing systems use tethers only for data and power transmission from a stationary point on the ground. This work presents a control strategy that enables a quadcopter to follow a moving tether anchor. A force feedback controller is implemented using Fuzzy Logic. Using force-based strategy provides effective compliance between the tether’s anchor and the drone. The drone can thus be controlled by mere physical movement/manipulation of tether. This enhances the safety of current tethered drone systems and simplifies the flying of drones. Fuzzy Logic provides an intuitive edge to the control of such systems and allows handling noise in force sensors. Extensive simulation results are presented in this paper showing the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

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