scholarly journals Multipurpose Fruit Juice Machine for Preventing Fruit Wastage in Nigeria Villages

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329
Author(s):  
Ayoola JONGBO

Fruits are produced in large quantities in developing countries because of the favourable climatic conditions but the level of spoilage is high. It is essential to extract and preserve fruit juice to have a regular supply throughout the year. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a machine that could be used to extract juice from several fruits. Thus, the objective of the research work was to develop a multipurpose small scale fruit juice machine that could be adopted by an average farmer in the rural regions to increase their juice intake. A fruit juice extractor was designed, developed and tested. The machine utilised a serrated auger for crushing the fruits before squeezing out the juice. The performance evaluation showed that the machine has an extraction capacity of 88.4 kg h-1 and 84.5 kg h-1 for pineapple and sweet orange respectively. The efficiencies of the juice extractor for pineapple and sweet orange were 91.13% and 85.96% respectively. The average production cost of the machine was estimated as 390 US dollars.

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Getachew Bekele Fereja

A major benefit of agricultural research and technology is that the purchasing power of the poor increases, because both average incomes and access to staple food products are improved. The use of biotechnology will lead to a distinct shift in the economic returns from livestock. Livestock production currently accounts for about 43% of the gross value of agricultural production. In developed countries livestock accounts for more than half of agricultural production, while in developing countries the share is about one-third. This latter share, however, is rising quickly because of rapid increases in livestock production resulting from population growth, urbanization, changes in lifestyles and dietary habits and increasing disposable incomes. Therefore the objective of this review paper was to investigate the use of biotechnology in animal production and productivities. Biotechnology is regarded as a means to the rapid increase in agricultural production through addressing the production constraints of small-scale or resource-poor farmers who contribute more than 70% of the food produced in developing countries. Agricultural biotechnology as the solution to the problem of global food insecurity has also been reviewed by Soetan. Agricultural biotechnology has the potential to address some of the problems of developing countries like food insecurity, unfavorable environmental and climatic conditions etc mentioned above and also improve agricultural productivity.


REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
К.А. Sarkhanov

The analysis demonstrates that the growth of animal products is provided, mainly by the private subsidiary farmings and households (PSF and HH), where is concentrated more than 80% of cattle and poultry. Meanwhile, small-scale seasonal production prevails in this sector, which, as practice shows, sometimes does not meet the requirements of the processing industry, and the output products cannot be competitive domestically, especially on the foreign markets. Consequently, the purpose of these scientific and production researches were the development of the conceptual framework for the improvement of the efficiency of live-stock animal breeding in the rural regions of Central Kazakhstan, which have lion shares of pasture land and underground minerals of the country. A distinctive feature of the operating system of the small economy management forms in rural regions of Akmola, Karaganda, North-Kazakhstani, and South-Kazakhstani areas has been studied. The modern abstract-logical, economic-mathematical and statistical methods, common research methods in the area of livestock section are applied in the scientific researches, experiments: All-Russia Research and Development Institute of Livestock Breeding, VIZH, VASKHNIL, and also data on the development of cattle breeding of the region before and post-privatization periods of the rural reform was used. On the basis of long-term research work, the author having identified the main problems, is developing a comprehensive program for the development of animal husbandry in four areas, that is, to improve systems: economy management, fodder production, subsidies and breeding. According to the research, the principles and conceptual foundations of improving the efficiency of breeding domestic farm animals have been developed. At the same time, the principles of a systematic approach, feedback, the need to describe the regulatory impacts of the state, the functional composition and structure of the system of economic models at the level of rural regions are distinguished and justified.


Author(s):  
Michael M Odewole ◽  
Kehinde J Falua ◽  
Semiu O Adebisi ◽  
Kabir O Abdullahi

A simply and manually-operated multipurpose fruit juice extractor was designed, constructed and its performance was evaluated in terms of juice yield, extraction efficiency, juice content, extraction loss and extraction capacity. The machine has two major parts which are: the extraction chamber and the structural frame. The extraction chamber is made of stainless steel and consists of a turning handle (f24.5 x 400mm), screw rod (f32 x 620 mm), compression plate (f100 mm), perforated inner cylinder (f115 x 180 mm), non-perforated outer cylinder (f120 x 180 mm) and discharge pipe. The structural frame (350 mm x 415 mm x 60 mm) is made of mild steel of U-channel section. The machine basically works on the principle of transmission of compressive force to rupture the juice cells of the fruit for the liberation of juice. Sweet orange, watermelon, red apple, green apple, pineapple, lime, lemon and grape were used for the performance evaluation process. Results obtained showed that pineapple had the highest values of juice yield (68.74%),juice content (66.40%), extraction capacity (92.85 g/min) and extraction efficiency (82.99%) while sweet orange and lime had the lowest extraction loss and extraction capacity of 1.67% and  29.81 (g/min) respectively.


2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Е.Л. Макарова ◽  
Л.А. Чистякова ◽  
О.В. Бакланова ◽  
Ю.В. Борцова

Приведены экспериментальные данные оценки по хозяйственно полезным признакам одиннадцати новых партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца в условиях весенне-летнего оборота Кировской области. Проблема возделывания теплолюбивых культур в северных регионах страны формирует цели селекционных исследований. Выращивание культуры огурца в Кировской области усугубляется неблагоприятными климатическими условиями второй световой зоны (короткая продолжительность вегетационного периода, низкие положительные температуры, заморозки в третьей декаде июля и в первой декаде августа). Цель научной работы – оценка и выявление перспективных партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца для выращивания в условиях необогреваемых теплиц в весенне-летнем обороте второй световой зоны. Исследования проводили в лаборатории северного овощеводства Кировской области во Всероссийском научно – исследовательском институте овощеводства – филиале ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц в течение 2018-2019 годах. В результате фенологических наблюдений и оценки биометрических показателей определены раннеспелость, скороспелость и товарность испытуемых партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца селекции Агрохолдинга «Поиск» и ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства»: F1Авоська, F1 Атос, F1 Букет для мамы, F1Малахитовая шкатулка, F1 Мультифрут, F1 Новатор, F1Пилигрим, F1 Спринтер, F1 Реванш, F1 Тонус, F1Экспресс в сравнении с районированным гибридом огурца F1 Каролина. Определено сильное негативное влияние климатических условий второй световой зоны на продолжительность периода «всходы-плодоношение», который в среднем за годы исследований в зависимости от гибрида варьировал от 47 до 55 суток. Установлено, что для получения ранней продукции огурца в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц Кировской области следует выращивать гетерозисные партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1Спринтер (3,6 кг/м2), F1 Авоська (2,1 кг/м2) и F1 Атос (2,5 кг/м2). Отмечены партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1 Спринтер и F1 Атос, которые имеют наиболее высокий выход товарной продукции 95,7 и 94,0%, соответственно. Выделен самый урожайный партенокарпический гибрид огурца F1 Новатор (16,1 кг/м2). В результате исследовательской работы рекомендовано выращивать в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота Кировской области партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1 Новатор, F1 Спринтер, F1 Атос и F1 Авоська. The article presents the experimental data on the assessment of economically useful traits of eleven new parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids under the conditions of the spring-summer turnover of the Kirov region. The problem of cultivation of thermophilic crops, which arises in the northern regions of the country, is one of the stages of breeding research. The cultivation of cucumber in the Kirov region is aggravated by unfavorable climatic conditions of the second light zone (short duration of the growing season, low positive temperatures, frosts in the third decade of July and in the first decade of August). The purpose of the scientific work is to evaluate and identify promising parthenocarpic heterotic hybrids of cucumber for growing in unheated greenhouses in the spring-summer turnover of the second light zone. The research was carried out in the laboratory of northern vegetable growing of the Kirov region at the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre in the conditions of polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses during 2018-2019. As a result of phenological observations and assessment of biometric indicators, the early maturity, early maturity and marketability of the tested parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids of the selection of Agroholding Poisk and ARRIVG – a branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre were determined: F1 Avoska, F1 Atos, F1 Buket dlya mamy, F1 Multifrut, F1 Novator, F1 Piligrim, F1Sprinter, F1 Revansh, F1 Tonus, F1 Express in comparison with the zoned hybrid of cucumber F1 Carolina. A strong negative influence of climatic conditions of the second light zone on the duration of the seedling-fruiting period was determined, which on average over the years of research, depending on the hybrid, varied from 47 to 55 days. It has been established that to obtain early production of cucumber in polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses of the Kirov region, heterotic parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Sprinter (3.6 kg/m2), F1 Avoska (2.1 kg/m2) and F1 Atos (2.5 kg/m2). Parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Sprinter and F1 Atos were noted, which have the highest yield of marketable products, 95.7 and 94.0%, respectively. The most productive parthenocarpic cucumber hybrid F1Novator (16.1 kg/m2) has been identified. As a result of the research work, it was recommended to grow parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1Novator, F1 Sprinter, F1 Atos and F1 Avoska under conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring-summer turnover of the Kirov region.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Mohammad Waliul Hasanat ◽  
Kamna Anum ◽  
Ashikul Hoque ◽  
Mahmud Hamid ◽  
Sandy Francis Peris ◽  
...  

In developing countries, the role of women in the business sector is continuously improving. As a result, female enterprises have also been encouraged in Pakistan. This study is based on life cycle development phases from which women-owned enterprises have to go through in order to become successful. As a primary data source, face-to-face interviews with owners of successful women-owned enterprises were preferred. The data collection process was divided into two phases i.e. Phase-I and Phase-II. After data collection, qualitative analysis has been performed using NVIVO. Findings provide both generic and specific factors involved in life cycle development of women-owned enterprises. This study provides a detailed view of life cycle development model followed by successful women enterprises. The outcome of this research work is a theoretical finding which can be utilized by entrepreneurs owning small scale enterprises to improve their level of performance. Findings can also be helpful for potentially talented women interested in setting up their own business.


1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Tindall ◽  
Laren R. Robison ◽  
N. Paul Johnston ◽  
Von D. Jolley

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Amber Theeuwen ◽  
Valérie Duplat ◽  
Christopher Wickert ◽  
Brian Tjemkes

In Uganda, the agricultural sector contributes substantially to gross domestic product. Although the involvement of Ugandan women in this sector is extensive, female farmers face significant obstacles, caused by gendering that impedes their ability to expand their family business and to generate incomes. Gender refers to social or cultural categories by which women–men relationships are conceived. In this study, we aim to investigate how gendering influences the development of business relationships in the Ugandan agricultural sector. To do so, we employed a qualitative–inductive methodology to collect unique data on the rice and cassava sectors. Our findings reveal at first that, in the agricultural sector in Uganda, inter-organization business relationships (i.e., between non-family actors) are mostly developed by and between men, whereas intra-organization business relationships with family members are mostly developed by women. We learn that gendering impedes women from developing inter-organization business relationships. Impediments for female farmers include their restricted mobility, the lack of trust by men, their limited freedom in communication, household duties, and responsibilities for farming activities up until sales. Our findings also reveal that these impediments to developing inter-organization business relationships prevent female farmers from being empowered and from attainting economic benefits for the family business. In this context, the results of our study show that grouping in small-scale cooperatives offers female farmers an opportunity to overcome gender inequality and to become economically emancipated. Thanks to these cooperatives, women can develop inter-organization relationships with men and other women and gain easier access to financial resources. Small-scale cooperatives can alter gendering in the long run, in favor of more gender equality and less marginalization of women. Our study responds to calls for more research on the informal economy in developing countries and brings further understanding to the effect of gendering in the Ugandan agricultural sector. We propose a theoretical framework with eight propositions bridging gendering, business relationship development, and empowerment and economic benefits. Our framework serves as a springboard for policy implications aimed at fostering gender equality in informal sectors in developing countries.


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