CRITICAL REVIEW ON GARBHAJANYA VIKRITI (BIRTH DEFECTS) DESCRIBED IN AYURVEDA AND ITS MODERN ASPECT

Ayurveda is the most ancient medical science and its fundamentals cover every aspect of human life. Acharya Sushruta has classified the diseases into seven types on the basis of its origin; among them first two are explained for birth defects. Genetic disorders (Adibala pravritta) and Congenital anomaly (Janmabala pravritta) are the two main categories of birth defects (Garbhajanya vikriti) encountered during the early infancy. The genetic disorders are either maternal or paternal and largely responsible for carrying genetic defects in progeny, whereas congenital birth defects are mainly due to faulty diet and lifestyle of mother and due to suppression of mental and physical desire of the pregnant lady. Ayurveda enlisted various desires of pregnant woman and their impact on the health and physical status of the progeny. Similarly, there are so many rituals and regimens are described for pregnant lady to prevent birth defects and to make woman ready for normal delivery. In brief, it can be said that if a preg-nant lady wishes for a healthy baby (Supraja), She should follow the Nine-month regimen (GarbhiniParicharya) mentioned for them in Ayurveda, so the chances of congenital anomaly will be minimal. Keywords: Congenital anomaly, Birth defect, Garbhajanya vikriti, Supraja, Garbhini paricharya

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Pregnancy outcome in elderly primigravida

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20195172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 4684

Author(s):

Kumudini Pradhan ◽

Lina Baru ◽

Ashish Dharua

Keyword(s):

Congenital Anomaly ◽

High Risk ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Caesarean Section Rate ◽

Effective Means ◽

Medical Science ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Foetal Distress ◽

Normal Delivery ◽

High Carrier

Background: Incidence of elderly primigravida has increased now days, due to rising education level, effective means of birth control and high carrier goals. The women who conceived in advanced age more than 35 years for first time is defined as elderly primigravida. Indian standard is fixed at more than 30 years by Dutta 2013. These women are high risk for maternal and foetal complication and outcome. The study was done to assess pregnancy outcome in elderly primigravida.Methods: This is a prospective hospital-based study done from October 2016 to November 2018. Women of reproductive age group with first pregnancy admitted to department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Science and Research, Burla were taken after exclusion criteria.Results: The incidence of elderly primigravida was 2.51%. But majority (84.76%) though married early, conceived late. Most of them are belongs to high socioeconomic group (62.86%). Anaemia was commonest complication (28.57%), fibroid in 5.71% cases. Pre-eclampsia (18.09%), eclampsia (3.81%), IUGR (12.38%) and twin pregnancies (5.72%) were seen more frequently than young primigravida. 55.24% were developed complications during labour like foetal distress (33.33%), PPH (3.81%) and retained placenta (2.86%). Gestational diabetes mellitus in (0.95%), caesarean section rate 29.52%, normal delivery 51.42%, and congenital anomaly 8.15%.Conclusions: Elderly primigravida are high-risk for several complications like spontaneous abortion, preterm labour, prolonged labour, foetal distress, high caesarean rate, PPH, congenital anomaly and increased incidence of perinatal mortality. Majority of this patients properly supervised are capable of safe and successful pregnancies ending in healthy mother and healthy baby.

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The Skull’s Girder: A Brief Review of the Cranial Base

Journal of Developmental Biology ◽

10.3390/jdb9010003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Shankar Rengasamy Venugopalan ◽

Eric Van Otterloo

Keyword(s):

Birth Defects ◽

Vertebral Column ◽

Endochondral Ossification ◽

Cranial Base ◽

Facial Skeleton ◽

The Core ◽

Skull Vault ◽

Congenital Birth Defects ◽

Intimate Association ◽

The Brain

The cranial base is a multifunctional bony platform within the core of the cranium, spanning rostral to caudal ends. This structure provides support for the brain and skull vault above, serves as a link between the head and the vertebral column below, and seamlessly integrates with the facial skeleton at its rostral end. Unique from the majority of the cranial skeleton, the cranial base develops from a cartilage intermediate—the chondrocranium—through the process of endochondral ossification. Owing to the intimate association of the cranial base with nearly all aspects of the head, congenital birth defects impacting these structures often coincide with anomalies of the cranial base. Despite this critical importance, studies investigating the genetic control of cranial base development and associated disorders lags in comparison to other craniofacial structures. Here, we highlight and review developmental and genetic aspects of the cranial base, including its transition from cartilage to bone, dual embryological origins, and vignettes of transcription factors controlling its formation.

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The ethical issues of biotechnology: Religious culture and the value of life

Current Sociology ◽

10.1177/0011392110391147 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 160-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shimazono Susumu

Keyword(s):

Catholic Church ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Human Life ◽

Science And Technology ◽

Medical Science ◽

Genetic Diagnosis ◽

Value Of Life ◽

Great Expectations ◽

Early Embryonic Stage ◽

Religious Cultures

Advances in biotechnology and medical science, especially breakthroughs in cloning and stem cell research, have raised great expectations for curing diseases, repairing damaged body tissue and organs, enabling conception at advanced age and selecting embryos based on genetic diagnosis. However, the question arises whether these advances will improve the happiness of humankind or whether human bodies are being assaulted as development resources in order to procure greater profits. This article investigates how the value of life is conceptualized by religious cultures vis-a-vis the emerging threats. With regard to the early embryonic stage of human life, the Catholic Church, for example, has raised a loud voice against the artificial termination of pregnancy. As a matter of fact, various religious cultures have showed and underpinned to a considerable extent the value of life and the direction that science and technology should take in this respect. It is argued that the globalized competition in science and technology makes it necessary to transcend the views concerning the value of life propagated by particular religious cultures.

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Recent African strains of Zika virus display higher transmissibility and fetal pathogenicity than Asian strains

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-21199-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fabien Aubry ◽

Sofie Jacobs ◽

Maïlis Darmuzey ◽

Sebastian Lequime ◽

Leen Delang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Defects ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Public Health Surveillance ◽

Fetal Loss ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Apparent Paradox ◽

Congenital Birth Defects ◽

Fetal Mice ◽

Puzzling Aspect ◽

Low Passage

AbstractThe global emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) revealed the unprecedented ability for a mosquito-borne virus to cause congenital birth defects. A puzzling aspect of ZIKV emergence is that all human outbreaks and birth defects to date have been exclusively associated with the Asian ZIKV lineage, despite a growing body of laboratory evidence pointing towards higher transmissibility and pathogenicity of the African ZIKV lineage. Whether this apparent paradox reflects the use of relatively old African ZIKV strains in most laboratory studies is unclear. Here, we experimentally compare seven low-passage ZIKV strains representing the recently circulating viral genetic diversity. We find that recent African ZIKV strains display higher transmissibility in mosquitoes and higher lethality in both adult and fetal mice than their Asian counterparts. We emphasize the high epidemic potential of African ZIKV strains and suggest that they could more easily go unnoticed by public health surveillance systems than Asian strains due to their propensity to cause fetal loss rather than birth defects.

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Making faces: neural crest cells in craniofacial development and congenital birth defects such as Treacher Collins syndrome

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.302.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Paul Trainor

Keyword(s):

Neural Crest ◽

Birth Defects ◽

Neural Crest Cells ◽

Craniofacial Development ◽

Treacher Collins Syndrome ◽

Congenital Birth Defects

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Contamination of Asian herbal drugs : Need for its critical evaluation

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v1i2.74 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 291-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K.K. Gupta ◽

G. Prasad ◽

A.K. Chopra ◽

D.R. Khanna

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Human Life ◽

Medical Science ◽

Critical Evaluation ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Severe Adverse Effect ◽

World Population ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Dual Action

Herbal drugs have been used as remedies for the treatment of large number of humans, ailments since ancient times as the traditional medicine system; India has a glorious past, having first documented record of fully developed medical science known as Ayurveda written by several ancient Rishi’s. Major groups of indigenous system of medicine are based on herbal drugs. A survey made by WHO indicated that about 80% of the world population relies on herbal drugs. Herbal drugs are becoming more popularized and important even in the developednations with hope of their non-toxicity and may play a role of substitute to overcome the problems of multi drug resistant pathogens. Cultivation of drug plants has been started in large scale without considering the land quality and in certain cases irrigation with waste water. Application of different fungicides, pesticides in that specific field or in neighboring fields may be directly deposited superficially or may be absorbed by the plant system. Therefore in the present situation possibilities of the Asian herbal drugs, contaminated with large number of toxic components cannot be ignored which may severely hurt human life in place of healing or curing.These contaminants may be either alone or in combination and may be originated intrinsically, extrinsically and deliberately. Certain contaminants may be highly toxic and may cause severe adverse effect in the human system. Some of the important contaminants are the heavy metals like lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, copper and pesticides. Adulteration of modern drugs to enhance drug potency and heterogenous microbial population including human pathogens may contaminate both raw and powdered herbal drugs. Among these contaminants, microbial contamination seems more severe and may be due to their dual action on the drug i.e. utilization of medicinally important chemical components as nutrients and in certain cases by producing certain mycotoxins, which may be even carcinogenic under certain conditions . Critical evaluation of both raw and powdered herbal drugs for contaminants is the urgent need of the time in order to provide safety measures in herbal health care medicine.

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Clinically Visible Congenital Birth Defects, Case of the Kenya Health District in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

OALib ◽

10.4236/oalib.1105440 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 06 (05) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Nama Mwengu Cecile ◽

Mizelo waKumwimba ◽

Ngoy Shindano Romain ◽

Iungamakonga Dressen ◽

Lunkutu kitambala Hugues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Defects ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Health District ◽

Congenital Birth Defects ◽

Republic Of The Congo

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TRACTION CONCEPT «REHABILITATION» IN THE FRENCH MEDICINE SYSTEM

World Science ◽

10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31052019/6511 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (5(45)) ◽

pp. 4-6

Author(s):

M. Danylevych ◽

R. Koval ◽

B. Ivanytska ◽

Y. Kazimova

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Everyday Life ◽

Birth Defects ◽

21St Century ◽

State Power ◽

Physical Culture ◽

Social Phenomenon ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Congenital Birth Defects ◽

Tools And Methods

Given the increase on the planet of the number of people with congenital birth defects, technocratization of society, an increase in the number of persons with disabilities was expected at the beginning of the 21st century to one billion consequently, disability is a worldwide social phenomenon, which should be the focus of every country, its bodies of state power and administration, scientists and physicians, psychologists and educators, specialists in physical culture and sports. So, we see that under the concept «réadaptation» (f) in France, a set of tools and methods used by the relevant specialists to rehabilitate persons with disabilities, as well as simply patients, in order to return them to the maximum possible conditions of everyday life. The twentieth century in France is characterized by the creation of a number of organizations whose activities are aimed at working with such people.

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