scholarly journals Effect of Greywater Characteristics on its Chemical Coagulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vinitha Sharon
Keyword(s):  
Total Coliform ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

The effect of physico-chemical characteristics of greywater on its chemical coagulation was assessed employing real greywater with varying characteristics using both alum and polyaluminium chloride (PACl) as coagulants. Optimum PACl dosages required were significantly less compared to alum for similar initial turbidity levels. Also, PACl produced less turbid treated greywater. As the initial pH increased, the optimum coagulant dose also increased for both alum and PACl. At similar optimum dosages, PACl gave higher COD removal compared to alum. Total coliform removal showed no significant difference with removals of 98.3% and 98.9%, respectively for alum and PACl.

scholarly journals Effects of sulfur dioxide on wine made with sulfitic maceration

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
G.V. Jardim ◽  
L. Zigiotto ◽  
W. Machado ◽  
Â.R. Marcon
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intensity Of Treatment

Sulfitic maceration is part of a technique used in large companies to store must through the superdosing of sulfur dioxide added after the destemming of the grapes. The objective of this study was to analyze the physico-chemical characteristics of the wines elaborated by sulfitic maceration. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Dom Pedrito, RS, Brazil. Three vinifications (identified by treatments 1, 2 and 3) were performed with 3 replicates each. The grapes used were the cultivar Alicante Bouschet. Treatment 1 underwent the same procedures as treatment 2, except for the dosage of 1400 mg.L−1 of added sulfur dioxide. The grapes were destemmed, crushed and macerated for 2 days and before fermentation started, the must was heated to remove SO2. In the treatment 3 a traditional maceration was carried out for 5 days. The physicochemical characteristics of the wines were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the results were analyzed by statistical analysis of comparison of averages. The color intensity of treatment 2 showed no significant difference in relation to the treatment 3, demonstrating that with 2 days of sulphitic maceration, occurs a color extraction similar to a traditional 5-day maceration.

scholarly journals Selected Water Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Iloilo Batiano River, Philippines: A Baseline Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Bartimeues Nathan Wiederhold ◽  
◽  
Tom Lichtenberg ◽  
Roderick R. Germo ◽  
Brian Gil S. Sarinas
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Republic

Protecting our natural resources is one of the important thrusts of every organization. In this study, the waters of Iloilo Batiano River, Philippines is explored. This study was conducted because there is a dearth of information on the water physico-chemical characteristics of the river. Since this is an initial assessment, this study will serve as a baseline data and the results will serve as a basis for future reference for conservation measures of the river. The present study aimed to determine the selected water physico-chemical characteristics of the river such as the electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, pH, and calcium content; assess if these parameters exceed the limit set by the DENR Administrative Order No. 20F16-08 of the Republic of the Philippines and other available literatures; and to determine if there was no significant difference in the water physico-chemical characteristics among the six sampling stations. Results revealed that EC and calcium content of the river exceed their limits except for temperature and pH levels. Furthermore, EC and temperature were statistically different among the six sampling stations except for pH values. This study concludes that the river is saline due to the mixing of saltwater and surface water as the river is near to the sea and has high calcium content that can threaten the life of freshwater aquatic organisms.

Water Quality Assessment of the South-Eastern Part of Lake Lanao, Philippines

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzeda B. Angagao ◽  
Maria Alma D. Quiao ◽  
Elnor C. Roa ◽  
Grace I. Prado
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference

This paper aimed at underlying some physico-chemical characteristics of the water of Lake Lanao at Poona-bayabao, Lanao Del Sur during the first quarter of 2015, by evaluating a total of eight (8) water quality parameters. Physical parameters were temperature, depth, transparency, and total suspended solids. On the other hand, the chemical parameters were pH, dissolved oxygen, phosphate and nitrate. Three sampling stations were considered in the study. Community’s knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards the utilization and condition of the lake were also evaluated through interview. Results showed that all assessed physico-chemical parameters still conformed to the Philippines standards set by Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) for fresh surface water as Class A as for the year 2015. One-way Anova showed no significant difference in the overall average of the physico-chemical characteristics in the three sampling stations of Lake Lanao (p > 0.05). With the results obtained, the Lake can still be a source of water supply that require complete treatment in order to meet National Standards for Drinking Water (NSDW) of the Philippines, within the year of the conduct of the study. For the assessment of community’s knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes, Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes are not significantly different in terms of stations. A more comprehensive and wider range monitoring is recommended for future study about the lake.

scholarly journals Microorganisms and Physico-chemical Profile of Aquatic Ecosystem in Akwa Ibom State

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
B. Atoyebi ◽  
M. A. Ekpo
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Microbiological and physicochemical profiles of water samples collected from three aquatic ecosystems in Akwa Ibom State were determined using standard microbiological and chemical techniques. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates were determined using disc diffusion technique. Physicochemical parameters of the water samples were also carried out using standard chemical methods. The total heterotrophic bacterial counts and total coliform counts of the water samples ranged from 2.0x107±0.17 to 2.6x107±0.44 CFU/ml and 1.8x105±0.38 to 3.3x105±0.3 CFU/ml, respectively. The total fungal and total vibrio counts ranged from 1.2x105±0.07 to 1.7x105±0.49 CFU/ml and 5.2x104±2.31 to 1.8x105±0.19 CFU/ml, respectively. The faecal coliform and total salmonella-shigella counts of the water ranged from 6.8x104±0.3 to 2.3x105±0.38 CFU/ml and 1.2x105±2.58 to 3.8x105±0.24 CFU/ml, respectively. Nine bacterial genera comprising Bacillus, Salmonella, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Proteus and Streptococcus species were isolated from the samples, while the fungal isolates were Aspergillus, Mucor, Penicillum, Rhizopus and Candida species. The bacterial isolates were highly resistant to Amoxicillin/Clavulanates and Cefuroxime, while high sensitivities to Gentamicin were observed among E. coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Analysis of variance showed that there was a high significant difference (p<0.05) between total viable counts obtained in the three sample locations while the correlation coefficient showed positive relationship between the total viable counts and some of the physicochemical parameters studied. The aquatic ecosystem studied, based on the bacteriological and physicochemical parameters revealed that the human, animal and agricultural activities plays significant role in the contamination of the water source. Consequently, the water should be properly processed before use.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Lama Waktu Pengukusan Suhu Suwari Terhadap Karakteristik Kamaboko Ikan Euthynnus affinis, Cantor 1849

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-412
Author(s):  
Krisman Umbu Henggu ◽  
Petrus Takanjanji ◽  
Efran Yohanes ◽  
Noven Tinggi Nalu ◽  
Astuti Bomba Amah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Organoleptic Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Euthynnus Affinis

Kelimpahan ikan tongkol di Kabupaten Sumba Timur tersebut, tidak berkorelasi positif terhadap pemanfaatannya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengolahan lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan ikan tongkol. Salah satu produk yang dapat dihasilkan dari ikan tongkol ialah kamaboko. Faktor yang paling penting dalam produk kamaboko ialah kualitas kimia serta korelasinya terhadap kualitas organoleptik dan fisik (uji gigit). Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pengaruh perbedaan lama waktu pengukusan kamaboko pada suhu suwari (20 menit dan 30 menit) terhadap karakteristik fisika-kimia dan tingkat penerimaan produk kamaboko dari ikan tongkol. Data yang diperoleh lalu dianalisis statistik menggunakan uji beda (t-independent). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan suhu pengukusan kamaboko 20 menit dan 30 menit memiliki kadar air berkisar 77,04-78,99%, protein 10,49-10,79% (berat basah), lemak kasar 2,91-2,12% (berat basah) dan pH berkisar 7. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan lama pengukusan hanya memberikan dampak signifikan (P<0,05) terhadap kadar air kamaboko. Sedangkan kualitas organoleptik menunjukkan, semakin lama waktu pengukusan pada suhu suwari, semakin tinggi tingkat kesukaan panelis terhadap warna yang mencapai skor 7 atau skala “suka”, tekstur yang mencapai skor 7-8 (suka hingga sangat suka), memiliki skor 6-7 (agak suka hingga suka) dan rasa kamaboko memiliki skor 7-8. Demikian pula pada tingkat kekenyalan (springiness) kamaboko, semakin lama waktu pengukusan tingkat kekenyalan semakin tinggi. Hasil analisis statistik tingkat kekenyalan kamaboko yang dihasilkan dengan perlakuan lama pengukusan suhu suwari tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata (P>0,05)  The abundance of tuna in East Sumba Regency is not positively correlated with its utilization. Therefore, further processing is needed to increase the utilization of tuna. One of the products that can be produced from tuna is kamaboko. This study focused on the effect of differences in kamaboko steaming time at suwari temperature on the physico-chemical characteristics and the level of acceptance of kamaboko products from Euthynnus affini. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically using a different test (t-independent). The results showed that the kamaboko steaming temperature treatment of 20 minutes and 30 minutes had moisture ranging from 77.04-78.99%, protein 10.49-10.79% (wet weight), crude fat 2.91-2.12% (wet weight) and pH around 7. The results of statistical analysis showed that the steaming time only had a significant impact (P<0.05) on the water content of kamaboko. Meanwhile, the organoleptic quality showed that the longer the steaming time at the Suwari temperature, the higher the panelist's preference for colors that reached a score of 7 or the "like" scale, textures that reached a score of 7-8 (“like” to “very like”), the appearance of a score of 6-7 (“somewhat like” to “like”) and the taste of kamaboko has a score of 7-8. Similarly, at the level of springiness of kamaboko, the longer the steaming time the higher the elasticity level. The results of statistical analysis of the elasticity level of kamaboko produced by the long treatment of steaming the temperature of Suwari there was no significant difference (P>0.05).   

scholarly journals Floristic Inventory of Invasive Alien Aquatic Plants Found in Some Congolese Rivers, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Henri Kunzi Mbale ◽  
Michael Tshibangu Mukendi ◽  
Gédéon Ngiala Bongo ◽  
Anthony Batoba Kikufi ◽  
Félicien Luyeye Lukoki
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Congo River ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Aim: To identify invasive aquatic alien plant species found in the Pool Malebo and some rivers in Kinshasa city, their behavior as well as their socio-economic impacts. Study Design: The study used a combination of purposive sampling and simple random sampling in order to select different sites where samples were collected. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in different rivers (Pool Malebo system (Kinkole, Kingabwa), and N'sele, Funa and Lukaya rivers) of Kinshasa city in Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Pool Malebo is located along the Congo River. This was conducted between March and October 2013. Methodology: The collection was performed after a direct observation. The location of collection depended on sites, at Kingabwa and Kinkole, we collected invasive species in the middle of the Congo river and to achieve that, we used canoe. While at N’sele, Lukaya and Funa rivers, samples were collected at the edges. The collection took place in the morning between 7 and 11 am. Recorded species were classified either alien species or invasive alien species according to the status in the study region. The identification of collected species was carried out according to APG III. Seeing the way these species invade the environment and how they disturb the ecology of rivers, the physico-chemical characteristics of waters were measured between 7:00 and 11:00 am with the appropriate electronic probe for each parameter. For each parameter, the comparison between the sites was carried out using the ANOVA test with XLSTAT 2013 software. Results: Out of 151 specimens collected, 35 species have been identified of which 19 species as alien were identified and 4 proved to be invasive alien species, namely: Eichhornia crassipes, Echinochloa pyramidalis, Ludwigia peploides and Pistia stratiotes. These invasive species are used by farmers as livestock feed and also as green manure for different agricultural and farming activities, As to the physico-chemical characteristics, no significant differences were observed for the temperature and the turbidity in various sites while the pH and conductivity, there was a highly significant difference between different sites. The hydrology of these rivers is seriously disturbed due to the presence of these invasive alien species. These species constitute a serious threat in the erosion of aquatic biodiversity in the removal of native species in the formation of floating monospecific dense mats as observed. Conclusion: The invasion of alien species is a consequence of human activities and a concern, which affects all sectors of the society. It constitutes a true challenge for ecologists, economists, social scientists, agricultural engineers, environmentalists and other in order to develop and implement strong risk analysis frameworks and environmental impact assessments.

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

Investigation of microbial contamination of Powdered Infant Formula during different storage periods after opening

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khalid Al-atrash
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was carried out to knowing effect different storage periods of the microbial quality for the Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) after opening the tin, and ensuring from the safety note (after opening, use within 3 weeks). Thirty (30) samples of (PIF) from category (1 – 6 months) in five different types are collected from pharmacies and local markets in Baquba city / Iraq, which are used as substitutes for breast milk during the first day of opening the tin powders such as Total viable count, Total coliform count, Salmonella count and Yeast and Molds count. These experiments repeated at each week of same samples within (5) weeks. Results were obtained at opening the tin, Total viable count (less than 0.05 1.0 x 103 ±1.5x10 CFU/g) were significantly higher than Total Coliform count (less than 0.05 ± 0.3 x 10 CFU/g) and Total Salmonella count (less than 0.05 0 x 10 CFU/g) and Yeasts and Molds (less than 0.05 ± 0.3 x 10 CFU/g). while results obtained at fifth week were (less than 0.05 8.8 x 103 ±5.5x102 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 0.9 x 102 ± 0.4x101 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 0 x 10 CFU/g), (less than 0.05 9.5 x 10 ± 1.2x101 CFU /g) respectively. All samples of (PIF) having non-significant difference. These results compared to Iraqi Quality Standards (IQS), all the results from the opening samples to fifth week were within the range of IQS and USA Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and as indicates the hygienic condition of (PIF) without risk level for human health. also observed increase in microbial contamination in each week because increase the moisture content for powdered milk. Can be used more than 3 weeks after opening if stored in good conditions with good hygienic practices during milk preparation.

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