scholarly journals Zoning of high mountainous areas by geoecological loads caused by geodynamic and climatic influences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Х.О. Чотчаев ◽  
О.Г. Бурдзиева ◽  
В.Б. Заалишвили
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Point System ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Scythian Plate ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
The Impact

Геотектонические, литологические и ландшафтно-морфологические особенности территорий, функционирующих туристско-рекреационных комплексов Центрального Кавказа, определяют платформенный характер развития Скифской плиты, южной окраиной вовлеченной совместно с причлененными микроплитами-террейнами (Предкавказская, Бечасынская, Восточно-Кавказская) в горообразовательный процесс Большого Кавказа. Иной характер геологического развития претерпели территории южного склона Большого Кавказа, вовлеченные в горообразовательный процесс как океанические плиты – террейны (Закавказская плита, Южная микроплита – сложенные толщей чередующегося флиша глинистых сланцев с прослоями песчаников, мергелей, известняков). Прижатая к жесткой Скифской плите с юга Закавказской плитой, подпираемой Аравийской платформой, Южная микроплита подверглась интенсивной деформации, глубинным тектоническим проявлениям субширотной ориентировки, являющимся каналами активного проявления эндогенных геодинамических процессов. Создание туристско-рекреационного комплекса на Южном склоне Центрального Кавказа предполагает прогноз темпов геоэкологической эволюции в условиях активной геодинамики и интенсивного проявления опасных геологических процессов. Цель исследований – зонирование интенсивностей уровней геоэкологических нагрузок геодинамических и климатических воздействий для дифференцированного целевого использования соответствующих площадей. В процессе исследований выявлены геодинамические и климатические факторы, характерные для территории и реализовано ранжирование интегральных воздействий на исследуемой территории. Методика заключалась в разбиении территории на элементы площади размерами 4×4 кв. км, учете значимых факторов воздействия на элемент площади и суммировании интенсивностей, определяемых экспертными оценками ранжирования, обусловленных каждым из природных воздействий. В процессе решения задач были определены геодинамические и климатические факторы, характерные для территории; дифференцированы геотектонические и геоморфологические условия их проявления; проведена экспертная оценка интенсивности воздействия каждого фактора по пятибалльной системе и установлен суммарный максимально возможный потенциал воздействия. Результаты исследований стали основой составления соответствующей карты – схемы зонирования исследуемой территории на зоны с интенсивностями, характеризующими различные уровни геоэкологической нагрузки. The geotectonic, lithological and landscape-morphological features of the territories where tourist and recreational complexes are functioning in the Central Caucasus determine the platform nature of the development of the Scythian plate. The southern margin of this plate is involved, together with the attached microplate-terranes (Ciscaucasia, Bechasynskaya, East Caucasian), in the mountain-forming process of the Greater Caucasus. The territories of the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus, involved in the mountain-forming process as oceanic plates - terranes (Transcaucasian plate, South microplate - folded by a layer of alternating flysch of clay shales with interlayers of sandstones, marls, limestones) have undergone a different character of geological development. The Southern microplate is pressed against the rigid Scythian plate from the south by the Transcaucasian plate, supported by the Arabian platform. It has undergone intense deformation, deep tectonic manifestations of sublatitudinal orientation, which are channels for the active manifestation of endogenous geodynamic processes. The creation of a tourist and recreational complex on the southern slope of the Central Caucasus presupposes a forecast of the geoecological evolution rate in conditions of active geodynamics and intensive manifestation of dangerous geological processes. The Aim of the study is the zoning of the intensity levels of the geoecological loads of geodynamic and climatic influences for the differentiated target use of the corresponding areas. In the course of research, geodynamic and climatic factors characteristic for the territory were identified and the ranking of integral impacts on the studied territory was implemented. The methodsconsisted in dividing the territory into area elements of 4 × 4 square km., taking into account the significant factors of influence on the element of the area and summing up the intensities determined by expert estimates of the ranking caused by each of the natural impacts. In the process of solving the problems, the geodynamic and climatic factors characteristic for the territory were determined; differentiated geotectonic and geomorphological conditions of their manifestation; an expert assessment of the intensity of the impact of each factor was carried out according to a five-point system and the total maximum possible impact potential was established. Results of the study became the basis for the compilation of the corresponding map - the zoning scheme of the study area into zones with intensities characterizing different levels of geoecological load

scholarly journals The Research of the Radial Growth of the Flora Species Which Do Not Have Special Protection on the South Hillsides of Greater Caucasus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Prof. RAE. Z.H. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Alnus Subcordata ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Special Protection

The radial growth of the trunks of the following flora species which do not have special protection on the southern hillsides of Greater Caucasus was studied in the article: Georgioan oak- Quercus iberica M.Bieb Common hornbeam - Caprinus betulus L. Common chestnut - Castanea sativa Mill. Black walnut - Juglans nigra L., Heart leaved alder - Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey. During the dendrochronological analyses, the dynamics of growth over the years were analysed based on the distances between the tree rings. The impact of the climatic factors on the growth of the trees was analysed and the ages of tree species were investigated. Based on the dendrochronological historical application, according to the numbers of tree rings, the ages of the trees were defined in the studied species. According to the numbers of tree rings, the oldest type of the rare and scanty flora types which have no special protection was identified as Caprinus betulus L. in the Zagatala region. The tree was taken from Zagatala district, planted in 1944, was 75 years old and had 330 cm diameter. The observation of dendrochronological researches indicates the formation of a new microclimate. It was observed that in the investigated species, radial growth was more intense during matureness, then it was weakened with age. In the comparative analysis, it was observed that the minimum radial growth was in 2010 and 2015, and the maximum growth was between 1973 and 1985 in the Zagatala region

scholarly journals RESULTS OF GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ADYGEYA PROFILE

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Г. Шемпелев ◽  
С.У. Кухмазов ◽  
В.Б. Заалишвили ◽  
Л.Н. Невский
Keyword(s):  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Entire Structure ◽  
Consolidated Crust ◽  
Scythian Plate ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Geophysical Investigations

В последние годы несколькими организациями были выполнены геофизические исследования различными методами в западной части Центрального Кавказа. Вдоль Адыгейского профиля (Дагомыс-Абадзехская-Гиагинская) впервые получена комплексная геофизическая характеристика глубинного разреза земной коры вкрест всей структуры Большого Кавказа. Рассматриваются материалы МТЗ, МОВЗ и гравимагнитных съёмок. Предполагается, что структура Большого Кавказа, как часть Альпийского коллизонного пояса, возникла при наползании Скифской эпигерцинской плиты на консолидированную кору одной из закавказских микроплит In recent years, several organizations have been implemented geophysical surveys in the western part of the Central Caucasus using a variety of methods. Along the Adygeya profile (Dagomys-Abadzekhskaya- Giaginskaia) were received a comprehensive geophysical characteristics of deep crustal section across the entire structure of the Greater Caucasus. Examines material МТZ, IGAD and gravimagnetsurvey. The structure of the Greater Caucasus, as part of the Alpine collision belt, appeared with creeping of the Scythian plate on one of the Caucasuss consolidated crust microplate

Working conditions and occupational pathology of coal miners in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gorbanev ◽  
S. A. Syurin ◽  
N. M. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Due to the impact of adverse working conditions and climate, workers in coal-mining enterprises in the Arctic are at increased risk of occupational diseases (OD).The aim of the study was to study the working conditions, causes, structure and prevalence of occupational diseases in miners of coal mines in the Arctic.Materials and methods. Th e data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” of the population of Vorkuta and Chukotka Autonomous District in 2007–2017 are studied.Results. It was established that in 2007–2017 years, 2,296 ODs were diagnosed for the first time in 1851 coal mines, mainly in the drifters, clearing face miners, repairmen and machinists of mining excavating machines. Most often, the ODs occurred when exposed to the severity of labor, fibrogenic aerosols and hand-arm vibration. The development of professional pathology in 98% of cases was due to design flaws of machines and mechanisms, as well as imperfections of workplaces and technological processes. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (36.2%), respiratory organs (28.9%) and nervous system (22.5%) prevailed in the structure of professional pathology of miners of coal mines. Among the three most common nosological forms of OD were radiculopathy (32.1%), chronic bronchitis (27.7%) and mono-polyneuropathy (15.4%). In 2017, coal miners in the Arctic had a professional morbidity rate of 2.82 times higher than the national rates for coal mining.Conclusions. To preserve the health of miners of coal mining enterprises, technical measures to improve working conditions and medical interventions aimed at increasing the body’s resistance to the effects of harmful production and climatic factors are necessary.

scholarly journals Assessing the Sensitivity of Main Crop Yields to Climate Change Impacts in China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Jieming Chou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Mingyang Sun ◽  
Weixing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
The Impact

Quantitatively assessing the spatial divergence of the sensitivity of crop yield to climate change is of great significance for reducing the climate change risk to food production. We use socio-economic and climatic data from 1981 to 2015 to examine how climate variability led to variation in yield, as simulated by an economy–climate model (C-D-C). The sensitivity of crop yield to the impact of climate change refers to the change in yield caused by changing climatic factors under the condition of constant non-climatic factors. An ‘output elasticity of comprehensive climate factor (CCF)’ approach determines the sensitivity, using the yields per hectare for grain, rice, wheat and maize in China’s main grain-producing areas as a case study. The results show that the CCF has a negative trend at a rate of −0.84/(10a) in the North region, while a positive trend of 0.79/(10a) is observed for the South region. Climate change promotes the ensemble increase in yields, and the contribution of agricultural labor force and total mechanical power to yields are greater, indicating that the yield in major grain-producing areas mainly depends on labor resources and the level of mechanization. However, the sensitivities to climate change of different crop yields to climate change present obvious regional differences: the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for maize in the North region was stronger than that in the South region. Therefore, the increase in the yield per hectare for maize in the North region due to the positive impacts of climate change was greater than that in the South region. In contrast, the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for rice in the South region was stronger than that in the North region. Furthermore, the sensitivity to climate change of maize per hectare yield was stronger than that of rice and wheat in the North region, and that of rice was the highest of the three crop yields in the South region. Finally, the economy–climate sensitivity zones of different crops were determined by the output elasticity of the CCF to help adapt to climate change and prevent food production risks.

Impact of climatic conditions on the parameters of failure flow of military vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110202
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Dobrzinskij ◽  
Algimantas Fedaravicius ◽  
Kestutis Pilkauskas ◽  
Egidijus Slizys
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Impact

Relevance of the article is based on participation of armed forces in various operations and exercises, where reliability of machinery is one of the most important factors. Transportation of soldiers as well as completion of variety of tasks is ensured by properly functioning technical equipment. Reliability of military vehicles – armoured SISU E13TP Finnish built and HMMWV M1025 USA built were selected as the object of the article. Impact of climatic conditions on reliability of the vehicles exploited in southwestern part of the Atlantic continental forest area is researched by a case study of the vehicles exploitation under conditions of the climate of Lithuania. Reliability of military vehicles depends on a number of factors such as properties of the vehicles and external conditions of their operation. Their systems and mechanisms are influenced by a number of factors that cause different failures. Climatic conditions represent one of the factors of operating load which is directly dependent on the climate zone. Therefore, assessment of the reliability is started with the analysis of climatic factors affecting operating conditions of the vehicles. Relationship between the impact of climatic factors and failure flow of the vehicles is presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution patterns of soil total phosphorus influenced by climatic factors in China’s forest ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Anchi Wu ◽  
Guoyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Single Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
P Distribution ◽  
Total P

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an important element in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a critical role in soil quality and ecosystem productivity. Soil total P distributions have undergone large spatial changes as a result of centuries of climate change. It is necessary to study the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical distributions of soil total P and its influencing factors. In particular, the influence of climatic factors on the spatial distribution of soil total P in China’s forest ecosystems remain relatively unknown. Here, we conducted an intensive field investigation in different forest ecosystems in China to assess the effect of climatic factors on soil total P concentration and distribution. The results showed that soil total P concentration significantly decreased with increasing soil depth. The spatial distribution of soil total P increased with increasing latitude and elevation gradient but decreased with increasing longitude gradient. Random forest models and linear regression analyses showed that the explanation rate of bioclimatic factors and their relationship with soil total P concentration gradually decreased with increasing soil depths. Variance partitioning analysis demonstrated that the most important factor affecting soil total P distribution was the combined effect of temperature and precipitation factor, and the single effect of temperature factors had a higher explanation rate compare with the single effect of precipitation factors. This work provides a new farmework for the geographic distribution pattern of soil total P and the impact of climate variability on P distribution in forest ecosystems.

Earth's energy “Golden Zone”: a synthesis from mineralogical research

Clay Minerals ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Permeability Evolution ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Fundamental Particle ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of diagenetic processes on petroleum entrapment and recovery efficiency has focused the vast majority of the world's conventional oil and gas resources into relatively narrow thermal intervals, which we call Earth's energy “Golden Zone”. Two key mineralogical research breakthroughs, mainly from the North Sea, underpinned this discovery. The first is the fundamental particle theory of clay mineralogy, which showed the importance of dissolution/precipitation mechanisms in the formation of diagenetic illitic clays with increasing depth and temperature. The second is the surface area precipitation-rate-controlled models for the formation of diagenetic cements, primarily quartz, in reservoirs. Understanding the impacts of these geological processes on permeability evolution, porosity loss, overpressure development, and fluid migration in the subsurface, lead to the realization that exploration and production risks are exponential functions of reservoir temperature. Global compilations of oil/gas reserves relative to reservoir temperature, including the US Gulf Coast, have verified the “Golden Zone” concept, as well as stimulated further research to determine in greater detail the geological/mineralogical controls on petroleum migration and entrapment efficiency within the Earth's sedimentary basins.

Application of Tailored Heat Treated Blanks under Quasi Series Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Uwe Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Tailored Heat Treated Blanks (THTB) are blanks that exhibit locally different strength specifically optimized for the succeeding forming process. The strength distribution is set by a local, short-term heat treatment modifying the mechanical properties of the material. Hence, THTB allow enhancing forming limits significantly leading to shorter and more robust manufacture process chains. In order to qualify the use of THTB under quasi series conditions, the interdependencies of the blank’s local heat treatment and the entire process chain of the car body manufacture have to be analyzed. In this respect, the impact of a short-term heat treatment on the mechanical properties of AA6181PX, a commonly used aluminum alloy in today’s car bodies, was studied. Also the influence of a short-term heat treatment on the coil lubricant, usually already applied by the material supplier, was given a closer look. Based on these experiments process restrictions for the application of THTB in an industrial automotive environment were derived and a process window for the THTB design was set up. In conclusion, strategies were defined how to enhance the found process boundaries leading to a more robust process window.

Implications of Building Material Choice on Outdoor Microclimate for Sustainable Built Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kannamma ◽  
A. Meenatchi Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
The Impact

The climatic conditions in a man-made urban environment may differ appreciably from those in the surrounding natural or rural environs.... each urban man-made buildings, roads, parking area, factories......creates around and above it a modified climate with which it interacts [1].Outdoor thermal comfort has gained importance in thermal comfort studies especially in tropical countries. In country like India, culturally the activities are spread both indoors and outdoors. Therefore the need for ambient outdoor environment gains importance. As there are many factors that contribute to outdoor thermal comfort (climatic factors and physical factors), this study aims in analyzing the impact of building material contribution, in an institutional courtyard. In order to understand the thermal contribution of various building materials and to suggest material choice to designers, ENVIMET is used for simulation purpose. The outdoor thermal comfort index employed in this study is PET (Physiological Equivalent Temperature), calibrated using RAYMAN.

Environmental tests of embedded thin- and thick-film resistors in comparison to chip resistors

Circuit World ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Steplewski ◽  
Andrzej Dziedzic ◽  
Janusz Borecki ◽  
Grazyna Koziol ◽  
Tomasz Serzysko
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thin Film Resistors ◽  
Embedded Resistors ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of parameters of embedded resistive elements manufacturing process as well as the influence of environmental factors on their electrical resistance. The investigations were made in comparison to the similar constructions of discrete chip resistors assembled to standard printed circuit boards (PCBs). Design/methodology/approach – The investigations were based on the thin-film resistors made of NiP alloy, thick-film resistors made of carbon or carbon-silver inks as well as chip resistors in 0402 and 0603 packages. The polymer thick-film resistive films were screen-printed on the several types finishing materials of contact terminations such as copper, silver, and gold. To determine the sensitivity of embedded resistors versus standard assembled chip resistors on environmental exposure, the climatic chamber was used. The measurements of resistance were carried out periodically during the tests, and after the exposure cycles. Findings – The results show that the change of electrical resistance of embedded resistors, in dependence of construction and base material, is different and mainly not exceed the range of 3 per cent. The achieved results in reference to thin-film resistors are comparable with results for standard chip resistors. However, the results that were obtained for thick-film resistors with Ag and Ni/Au contacts are similar. It was not found the big differences between resistors with and without conformal coating. Research limitations/implications – The studies show that embedded resistors can be used interchangeably with chip resistors. It allows to save the area on the surface of PCB, occupied by these passive elements, for assembly of active elements (ICs) and thus enable to miniaturization of electronic devices. But embedding of passive elements into PCB requires to tackle the effect of each forming process steps on the operational properties. Originality/value – The technique of passive elements embedding into PCB is generally known; however, there are no detailed reports on the impact of individual process steps and environmental conditions on the stability of their electrical resistance. The studies allow to understand the importance of each factor process and the mechanisms of operational properties changes depending on the used materials.

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