scholarly journals Removal of Cadmium Ions from Synthetic Wastewater by using Pennisetum purpureum (Elephant Grass) as Low Cost Biodegradable Adsorbent (Biosorbent)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Ling Shing Yun ◽  
Asmadi Ali
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Ft Ir

At present, heavy metal pollution is a major environmental concern and the adsorption technique is a potent method for removal of these heavy metals from wastewater. Activated carbon is one of the best adsorbents for metal ions removal but it is sometimes restricted due to high cost and problems with regeneration hamper large scale application. Low cost adsorbent is alternatively being introduced to replace activated carbon since it is available in large quantity, renewable and inexpensive. Hence, Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) was investigated for its potential in cadmium ions removal. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) analyses. The effects of pH (1 to 5), initial metal ion concentration (5 to 25 mg/L), contact time (10 to 60 minutes) and adsorbent dosage (0.2 to 1.0 g) on cadmium ions removal were conducted by batch adsorption experiments. In this study, the FT-IR results demonstrated that the functional groups for untreated and nitric acid-treated P. purpureum mainly consisted of carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl and amine groups which are able to bind with positively charged cadmium ions. SEM micrographs have proven that nitric acid modification would remove the surface impurities of P. purpureum, which increased the surface roughness, produced deep, open pores and better pore size distribution. From the BET and BJH analyses, the treated P. purpureum was mesoporous, had larger surface area and pore volume compared to untreated P. purpureum. The best pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time were pH 4, 0.6 g and 30 minutes, respectively. The highest removal percentage of cadmium ions for both untreated and treated P. purpureum were 92% and 98% correspondingly. The results shown strengthened the fact that both biosorbents have great potential in cadmium ions removal.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Decolorization of Methylene Blue Using a Low-Cost Super-Absorbent Aided by Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4430
Author(s):  
Nor Hakimin Abdullah ◽  
Mazlan Mohamed ◽  
Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi ◽  
Azwan Mat Lazim ◽  
Ahmad Zamani Abdul Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk

The presence of organic dyes from industrial wastewater can cause pollution and exacerbate environmental problems; therefore, in the present work, activated carbon was synthesized from locally available oil palm trunk (OPT) biomass as a low-cost adsorbent to remove synthetic dye from aqueous media. The physical properties of the synthesized oil palm trunk activated carbon (OPTAC) were analyzed by SEM, FTIR-ATR, and XRD. The concurrent effects of the process variables (adsorbent dosage (g), methylene blue (MB) concentration (mg/L), and contact time (h)) on the MB removal percentage from aqueous solution were studied using a three-factor three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM), followed by the optimization of MB adsorption using OPTAC as the adsorbent. Based on the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the three parameters considered, adsorbent dosage (X1) is the most crucial parameter, with an F-value of 1857.43, followed by MB concentration (X2) and contact time (X3) with the F-values of 95.60 and 29.48, respectively. Furthermore, the highest MB removal efficiency of 97.9% was achieved at the optimum X1, X2, and X3 of 1.5 g, 200 mg/L, and 2 h, respectively.

scholarly journals Efficient Adsorption of Lead Ions from Synthetic Wastewater Using Agrowaste-Based Mixed Biomass (Potato Peels and Banana Peels)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3344
Author(s):  
Aamna Ashfaq ◽  
Razyia Nadeem ◽  
Shamsa Bibi ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Asif Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Mixed Biomass ◽  
Potato Peels ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Conventional Methods

The aquatic environment is continuously being polluted by heavy metals released from industrial, domestic, agricultural, and medical applications. It is difficult to remove heavy metals, as they are nonbiodegradable. Heavy metals cause genotoxicity and serious carcinogenic disorders. Various conventional methods have been used for the removal of heavy metals, but these are time-consuming and not economical, so green methods, being economical, are preferred over conventional methods. Adsorption, being effective, environmentally friendly, and cheap, is often preferred. The present investigation investigated the adsorption efficiency of agrowaste-based biosorbents for removal of Pb(II) ion from the synthetic wastewater. Mixed biomass of banana peel and potato peels was used to create biosorbents. The biosorbents were characterized in terms of structural and surface morphology by SEM, while functional groups were analyzed by FT-IR and XRD analysis. The adsorption of Pb(II) was studied by a batch method, and various experimental parameters were studied. Optimum conditions for the removal of lead were pH = 5, concentration = 10 ppm, adsorbent dosage = 1.0 g, and contact time = 2 h. Kinetic modelling studies showed that the adsorption of Pb(II) ions followed a pseudo-second-order mechanism, and the Langmuir isotherm model was found to fit well for this study. Highlights: Synthesis of biosorbents (mixed biomass of potato peel and banana peel, biochar, TiO2 nanocomposites). Characterization of prepared biosorbents (SEM, XRD, FT-IR). Optimized parameters (pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time) for removal of pollutant.

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM TEAK LEAVES FOR THE DECOLORIZATION OF PALM OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Ofulue Ofulue ◽  
F. A. Adekola ◽  
V. O Adimula
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Bleaching Efficiency ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Great Relevance

The bleaching efficiency of activated carbon prepared from teak leaves was investigated for the removal of pigments from palm oil. The adsorbents were activated using KOH and FeCl3 as activating agents. The effects of adsorbent dosage (2% - 6 %), contact time (15 min. – 90 min.) and temperature (30 °C – 80 °C) were studied, while the unactivated adsorbent was used as standard. The ash content, moisture content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon content were determined and the adsorptive bleaching of palm oil investigated using 1.2 g activated carbon with 20 g crude palm oil. Bleaching efficiency was observed to be 93.09 % and 96.68 % for the KOH and FeCl3 activated adsorbent respectively, while the unactivated adsorbent was observed to have a bleaching efficiency of 89.21 %. The optimum bleaching efficiency was observed at a temperature of 70 °C, adsorbent dosage of 6 %, and contact time of 90 min. Results obtained suggests that teak leaves can be a source of low-cost adsorbent for the removal of pigments from palm oil which is of great relevance in obtaining a clean environment.

scholarly journals Preparation of CoFe2O4/activated carbon@chitosan as a new magnetic nanobiocomposite for adsorption of ciprofloxacin in aqueous solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 2158-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malakootian ◽  
Alireza Nasiri ◽  
Hakimeh Mahdizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Isotherm Equations

Abstract Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is considered as a biological resistant pollutant. The CoFe2O4/activated carbon@chitosan (CoFe2O4/AC@Ch) prepared as a new magnetic nanobiocomposite and used for adsorption of CIP. CoFe2O4/AC@Ch was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements. The pHZPC value of the nanobiocomposite was estimated to be 6.4 by solid addition method. The prepared magnetic nanobiocomposites can be separated easily from water by an external magnet and reused. The effect of CIP concentration (10–30 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (12–100 mg/L), contact time (5–30 min) and pH (3–11) as independent variables on ciprofloxacin removal efficiency was evaluated. Optimum conditions were obtained in CIP concentration: 10 mg/L, adsorbent dosage: 100 mg/L, contact time: 15 min and pH: 5. In this condition, maximum CIP removal was obtained as 93.5%. The kinetic and isotherm equations showed that the process of adsorption followed the pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm. The results indicate that the prepared magnetic nanobiocomposite can be used as good adsorbent for the removal of CIP from aqueous solution and can be also recycled.

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM TEAK LEAVES FOR THE DECOLORIZATION OF PALM OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Ofulue ◽  
F. A. Adekola ◽  
V. O Adimula
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Bleaching Efficiency ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Great Relevance

The bleaching efficiency of activated carbon prepared from teak leaves was investigated for the removal of pigments from palm oil. The adsorbents were activated using KOH and FeCl3 as activating agents. The effects of adsorbent dosage (2% - 6 %), contact time (15 min. – 90 min.) and temperature (30 °C – 80 °C) were studied, while the unactivated adsorbent was used as standard. The ash content, moisture content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon content were determined and the adsorptive bleaching of palm oil investigated using 1.2 g activated carbon with 20 g crude palm oil. Bleaching efficiency was observed to be 93.09 % and 96.68 % for the KOH and FeCl3 activated adsorbent respectively, while the unactivated adsorbent was observed to have a bleaching efficiency of 89.21 %. The optimum bleaching efficiency was observed at a temperature of 70 °C, adsorbent dosage of 6 %, and contact time of 90 min. Results obtained suggests that teak leaves can be a source of low-cost adsorbent for the removal of pigments from palm oil which is of great relevance in obtaining a clean environment.

scholarly journals Cyclic Sequential Removal of Alizarin Red S Dye and Cr(VI) Ions Using Wool as a Low-Cost Adsorbent

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Mustafa I. Khamis ◽  
Taleb H. Ibrahim ◽  
Fawwaz H. Jumean ◽  
Ziad A. Sara ◽  
Baraa A. Atallah
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alizarin Red S ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Simultaneous Reduction ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Sheep Wool

Alizarin red S (ARS) removal from wastewater using sheep wool as adsorbent was investigated. The influence of contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial ARS concentration and temperature was studied. Optimum values were: pH = 2.0, contact time = 90 min, adsorbent dosage = 8.0 g/L. Removal of ARS under these conditions was 93.2%. Adsorption data at 25.0 °C and 90 min contact time were fitted to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. R2 values were 0.9943 and 0.9662, respectively. Raising the temperature to 50.0 °C had no effect on ARS removal. Free wool and wool loaded with ARS were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). ARS loaded wool was used as adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) from industrial wastewater. ARS adsorbed on wool underwent oxidation, accompanied by a simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The results hold promise for wool as adsorbent of organic pollutants from wastewater, in addition to substantial self-regeneration through reduction of toxic Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Sequential batch reactor studies involving three cycles showed no significant decline in removal efficiencies of both chromium and ARS.

scholarly journals Removal of Erichrome Black T from Synthetic Wastewater by Cotton Waste

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. V. Ladhe ◽  
S. K. Wankhede ◽  
V. T. Patil ◽  
P. R. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Cotton Waste

Adsorptions of Erichrome Black T dye in aqueous solution on cotton stem activated carbon have been studied as a function of contact time, concentration and pH. Effect of various experimental parameters has been investigated at 39±1°C under batch adsorption technique. The result shows that cotton stem activated carbon adsorbs dye to a sufficient extent. The physicochemical characterization and chemical kinetics was also examined for the same dye. The overall result shows that it can be fruitfully used for the removal of dye from wastewaters.

scholarly journals New Activated Carbon from Mine Coal for Adsorption of Dye in Simulated Water or Multiple Heavy Metals in Real Wastewater

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Elkady ◽  
Hassan Shokry ◽  
Hesham Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Multiple Heavy Metals

Nano-activated carbon (NAC) prepared from El-Maghara mine coal were modified with nitric acid solution. Their physico-chemical properties were investigated in terms of methylene blue (MB) adsorption, FTIR, and metal adsorption. Upon oxidation of the ACS with nitric acid, surface oxide groups were observed in the FTIR spectra by absorption peaks at 1750–1250 cm−1. The optimum processes parameters include HNO3/AC ratio (wt./wt.) of 20, oxidation time of 2 h, and the concentration of HNO3 of 10% reaching the maximum adsorption capacity of MB dye. Also, the prepared NAC was characterized by SEM, EDX, TEM, Raman Spectroscopy, and BET analyses. The batch adsorption of MB dye from solution was used for monitoring the behavior of the most proper produced NAC. Equilibrium isotherms of MB dye adsorption on NAC materials were acquired and the results discussed in relation to their surface chemistry. Langmuir model recorded the best interpretation of the dye adsorption data. Also, NAC was evaluated for simultaneous adsorption of six different metal ions (Fe2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) that represented contaminates in petrochemical industrial wastewater. The results indicated that the extracted NAC from El-Maghara mine coal is considered as an efficient low-cost adsorbent material for remediation in both basic dyes and metal ions from the polluted solutions.

Sorption of Methylene Blue and Acid Orange 7 onto Ananas comosus Peels and Leaves Based Activated Carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabilah A. Lutpi ◽  
N. Najihah Jamil ◽  
C.K. Kairulazam C.K. Abdullah ◽  
Yee Shian Wong ◽  
Soon An Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Acid Orange 7 ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Acid Orange ◽  
Percentage Removal

The adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) and Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye onto Ananas Comosus Mixed Peels and Leaves (ACMPL) were carried out by conducting four different parameters such as initial concentration, pH, dosage of adsorbent, and contact time. Effect of initial concentration for both dyes showed that higher initial concentration would take longer contact time to attain equilibrium due to higher amount of adsorbate molecules. The effect of pH showed highest percentage removal for MB is at pH 9 which is 95.81%. Meanwhile for AO7 the highest percentage removal is 31.06% at pH 3. The percentage removal of MB had reached the equilibrium at dosage 0.5g while AO7 keep increasing with the increment of adsorbent dosage. The percentage removal of MB and AO7 had increased until hour 2.5 which was from 72.5% to 86.93% and 19.441% to 36.89% respectively and reached equilibrium at 3 hour contact time.

scholarly journals Study of Adsorption Characteristics a Low-Cost Sawdust for the Removal of Direct Blue 85 Dye from Aqueous Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Rahmah Hashim Abdullah ◽  
Amjed Mirza Oda ◽  
Alaa Rasheed Omran ◽  
Ameer Salem Mottaleb ◽  
Teeba Mudhefer Mubarakah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Direct Blue

The performance sawdust as a low cost adsorbent to remove Direct Blue 85 (DB85) dye from aqueous solutions has been evaluated. The characteristic of sawdust analyzed by FTIR and XRD. The removal percentage of this dye was studied at different experimental conditions such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, particle size, temperature, and pH. The optimum removal percentage value was found at pH 2.Temperature also has a positive impact on adsorption, where the adsorption of this dye on the sawdust increased as the temperature increased. High values of correlation coefficient signified that the adsorption of (DB85) dye on the surface of sawdust obey Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document