scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of a Rice (Oryza sativa) Thresher

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarafadeen K Shittu ◽  
Nnaemeka M Ezeh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Output Capacity ◽  
Randomized Design

A paddy thresher supplied to the Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Bayero University, Kano Nigeria as part of its takeoff equipment for teaching and learning was evaluated to determine its performance indices in terms of threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, output capacity, mechanical damage and scatter loss. The variables used were two levels of moisture content (20% and 14%), two levels of speed (500 rpm and 700 rpm) and feed rate at two levels (100 kg/hr and 150 kg/hr). The factorial experiments were run in a complete randomized design in three replications. Two local Rice varieties Sipi (variety 1) and Jemila (variety2) were used. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and LSD were used to assess the effects of the independent variables on the performance indices of the paddy thresher. The mean values for cleaning efficiency, mechanical damage, scatter loss and output capacity ranges from 59.28 – 87.82%, 0.02 - 0.23%, 0.02 - 0.05% and 25.26 - 58.82 kg/h respectively. ANOVA results showed that moisture content, feed rate and speed significantly affected cleaning efficiency, mechanical damage and the output capacity at 5% probability for the two paddy varieties. Keywords— Efficiency, output capacity, performance, rice, threshing machine.

scholarly journals Performance Optimization of Groundnut Shelling Using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aliyu Idris Muhammad ◽  
Moshud Isiaka ◽  
Muhammed Lawal Attanda ◽  
Sarafadeen Kolawole Shittu ◽  
Ibrahim Lawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Output Capacity ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Input Variables

AbstractThis study evaluated the influence of drum speed, moisture content, and feed rate on the performance indices of groundnut sheller using Ex-Dakar groundnut variety. Response surface methodology was used to study the influence of input variables and optimize the processing conditions. The developed second-order polynomial model adequately described the performance responses, including output capacity, shelling and cleaning efficiencies, and kernel damage. The input variables indicated significant influences on performance responses. The optimized processing variables for the responses were drum speed of 210 rpm, moisture content of 8%, and feed rate of 350 kg∙h−1. The optimum responses obtained were output capacity of 302.52 kg∙h−1, shelling efficiency of 97.61%, cleaning efficiency of 53.16%, and kernel damage of 4.04%. These performance responses were validated experimentally and were close to the observed results.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of mechanised and manual threshing options for Amankwatia and AGRA rice varieties in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadrack Kwadwo Amponsah ◽  
Ahmad Addo ◽  
Komla Dzisi ◽  
Jean Moreira ◽  
Sali Atanga Ndindeng
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Physical Energy ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Significant Difference

Performance of a Yanmar DB 1000 mechanised paddy thresher was comparatively assessed against manual threshing by impact method using a locally-made wooden box for Amankwatia and AGRA rice varieties under farmer’s field conditions at Nobewam in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The mechanised thresher was evaluated at various threshing drum speeds (550 rpm, 600 rpm and 650 rpm) and feeding rates (200 kgh-1, 400 kgh-1 and 600 kgh-1). Results showed that threshing was satisfactory at grain moisture content between 16.9% w.b and 18.0% w.b. for both rice varieties. Threshing efficiency increased from 94.6% to 95.8% with no significant difference observed whereas cleaning efficiency decreased significantly from 84.2 % to 81.6 % with increasing feed rate irrespective of rice variety. Again, threshing efficiency increased with increasing drum rotational speed, irrespective of feed rate and rice variety. Percentage broken grain and grain loss both increased with increasing peripheral drum speed and paddy feed rate irrespective of rice variety. Average fuel consumption, physical energy requirement and threshing capacity increased significantly with increasing drum speed and feed rate. Crop moisture content and shattering ability influenced the threshing efficiency, threshing capacity, grain loss, broken grain, fuel and physical energy requirement at threshing. AGRA rice variety generally performed better than Amankwatia under both mechanical and manually threshing methods. Mechanised threshing was significantly better at reducing grain loss and physical energy demand whilst yielding over 200% higher threshing capacity than manual threshing by impact using the wooden box. Mechanised threshing was financially rewarding, yielding over 500% higher profit margin than the manual threshing option. Further research on optimum crop moisture content for improved threshing of different rice varieties is suggested.

scholarly journals Crushing Susceptibility of Vetch Seeds Under Impact Loading

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Mathematical Relationships ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMechanical damage of seeds due to harvest, handling and other process is an important factor that affects the quality and quaintly of seeds. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of moisture content and the impact energy on the breakage susceptibility of vetch seeds. The experiments were conducted at moisture contents of 7.57 to 25% (wet basis) and at the impact energies of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 J, using an impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact energy, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage breakage in vetch seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact energy from 0.1 to 0.3 J caused a significant increase in the mean values of seeds breakage from 41.69 to 78.67%. It was found that the relation between vetch seeds moisture content and seeds breakage was non-linear, and the extent of damaged seeds decreased significantlyas a polynomial (from 92.47 to 33.56%) with increasing moisture (from 7.57 to 17.5%) and reached a minimum at moisture level of about 17.5%. Further increase in seed moisture, however, caused an increase in the amount of seeds breakage. Mathematical relationships composed of seed moisture content and impact energy, were developed for accurately description the percentage breakage of vetch seeds under impact loading. It was found that the models have provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable.

scholarly journals Modification of Institute for Agricultural Research Multi-Crop Thresher for Improved Performances

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunusi I Idris ◽  
Usman S Mohammed ◽  
Nura A Sale ◽  
Ibrahim B Dalha
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Extraneous Material

In millet producing areas of Nigeria, the predominant method of threshing is traditional. It involves beating the millet panicle with a stick, over a log of wood or by pounding using mortar and pestle. This method is inefficient, time-consuming, labor intensive, prone to drudgery, uneconomical, low output and gives product contaminate with extraneous material such as stones and sand. Though imported threshers are effective in millet threshing; they are expensive, complexed in design and required skillful personnel for operation. An Institute for Agricultural Research  (IAR) multi-crop thresher for sorghum, millet, and wheat was modified for improved performances. The performance of the modified thresher was evaluated using Ex-borno variety of pearl millet. Two levels of moisture content; 9.21% and 10.81%, four feed rates levels; 3, 4, 5 and 6 kg/min, four levels of drum speed; 700, 800, 900 and 1000 rpm were considered during the experiment. The test results indicated as high as 98.78% threshing efficiency, a minimum of 1.02% grain damage, maximum cleaning efficiency of 97.19%, and 2.50% scatter loss and maximum throughput capacity of 194.02 kg/hr. In comparison to the previous thresher, threshing efficiency, mechanical grain damage, cleaning efficiency, scatter losses, and throughput capacity have improved by 2.01%, 330.56%, 9.79%, 10.78%, and 69.86% respectively. The developed thresher is anticipated to increase the farmer’s productivity due to improved performances.Keywords: Millet, Threshing Efficiency, Cleaning Efficiency, Feed Rate, cylinder Speed

Dehydration of Fermented Manioc Rasp

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Luís Eugênio Lessa Bulhões ◽  
Rogério Teixeira Duarte ◽  
Cícero Luiz Calazans De Lima ◽  
Maria José de Holanda Leite ◽  
Igor Cavalcante Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brix Degree

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the Ripa enriched with urea, yeast and sugar cane molasses, fermented and subjected to the drying process. Using as parameters: moisture content, Brix, pH, acidity and protein content. We used a completely randomized design with ten replications, two treatments and one control. The model included non-fermented (RNFM) and fermented (RFM) treatments of the variety of Rosinha cassava. Fermentation was performed during 132 hours under ambient conditions, with a 10% yeast treatment (w/V), 4% Urea (w/V) and 20% molasses (w/V) and the other 70 ml of distilled water. Regarding the moisture content of the material after the dehydration period, mean values between 46.42% and 58.33% were observed. The Brix degree of the water treatment and the control samples did not differ, however, differed from the treatment urea + molasses + yeast, which presented the highest values of this parameter. The pH averages ranged from 4.49 to 7.85, differing statistically. Titratable acidity ranged from 1.760 to 14.040. A considerable gain of crude protein was observed in the treatment urea + molasses + yeast, which was statistically higher than the others.

Development and Performance Evaluation of Irish Potato Peeling Machine

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Ademola Olagoke Afolabi ◽  
Muhammad Lawal Attanda
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Output Capacity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Potato Peeling

An Irish potato peeling machine was developed for use at small-scale/household level. Machine performance evaluation was carried out using three locally grown Irish potato varieties namely; Nicola, Bartita and Bawondoya respectively. A 22x3 factorial experiment in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used for evaluation where tuber feed rate, shaft speed and variety were the independent variables and peeling efficiency, tuber flesh loss and machine output capacity were the performance indicators. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed the effects of variety on peeling efficiency and feed rate on output capacity as highly significant (P=.01). Also, the interaction of speed and variety on peeling efficiency and the effect of variety on output capacity was significant (P=.05). The interaction of variety and speed at 480 rpm achieved a maximum mean peeling efficiency of 55.6% for Bawondoya. Similarly, at slightly higher speed of 510 rpm, the maximum mean peeling efficiency of 64.6% was achieved for Bartita. Flesh loss value of 0.84% was the least obtained and this was for Bartita while the highest flesh loss of 1.43% was observed for Nicola. At feed rates of 50 g/sec and 60 g/sec; the minimum and maximum output capacities of 31.3 kg/h and 59.2 kg/h were obtained respectively.

scholarly journals Modification and Optimization of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Roasting Machine

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
A. Musa ◽  
O. A. Adetola ◽  
O. J. Olukunle ◽  
A. M. Akintade
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
Roasting Machine ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Roasting Temperature ◽  
Machine Speed ◽  
Optimal Machine

Roasting of groundnut is essential to ensure quality improvement, easy handling, safe storage, further processing, and value addition of the product. Therefore, the aim of the study was modified and optimized a groundnut roasting machine. Standard design parameters were used for the design modification. The design of the experiment had 27 runs. Machine speed (6.60, 12.80 and 19 rpm), roasting temperature (120, 160 and 200℃), and feed rate (120, 180 and 240 kg/h) were used as independent parameters, and the response variables include the moisture content of the groundnut, roasting efficiency, mechanical damage, throughput and quality efficiency of the machine. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of the Design Expert Version 11 was adopted for the optimization process by applying the central composite design method for the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and optimized responses within the limit of the independent factors tested. Roasting temperature (200℃), machine speed (19 rpm) and feed rate (240 kg/h) were found as the optimum operational conditions which will optimally result in the optimal machine performance of 8.76% moisture content (r2 = 0.94), 76.99% roasting efficiency (r2 = 0.90), 2.46% mechanical damage (r2 = 0.86), 62.32 kg/h machine throughput (r2 = 0.98), 74.3% quality performance efficiency (r2 = 0.86) with the high desirability of 88%. An increase in machine speed increased the moisture content of the groundnut, roasting efficiency, mechanical damage, throughput, and quality efficiency of the machine. The study showed the optimal machine parameters for a groundnut roasting machine.

scholarly journals O GRAU DE UMIDADE NA COLHEITA E O SISTEMA DE SECAGEM SÃO DETERMINANTES PARA O VIGOR DE SEMENTES DE ARROZ

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Jaquelini Garcia ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Drying System

O GRAU DE UMIDADE NA COLHEITA E O SISTEMA DE SECAGEM SÃO DETERMINANTES PARA O VIGOR DE SEMENTES DE ARROZ   JAQUELINI GARCIA1, CILEIDE MARIA MEDEIROS COELHO1   1Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção vegetal, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Avenida Luiz de Camões, 2090, Conta Dinheiro, 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brasil, [email protected], [email protected]   RESUMO: O grau de umidade na colheita e o sistema de secagem podem ser determinantes na qualidade das sementes produzidas. Neste trabalho foi avaliado se o sistema de secagem e o grau de umidade na colheita interferem na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de arroz. Foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial triplo. Foi utilizada seis cultivares produzidas no Alto Vale do Itajaí/SC na safra 2016/17 com grau de umidade na colheita igual ou superior a 17% (19,30 - 17,30%) e inferior a 17% (16,40 - 15,03%) (base úmida). As sementes foram submetidas aos sistemas de secagem estacionário e intermitente. Realizou-se testes de germinação, viabilidade, vigor pelo envelhecimento acelerado e frio. Sementes colhidas com grau de umidade ≥ 17% apresentaram maior vigor. A cultivar foi um fator de grande relevância na sensibilidade ao dano térmico e mecânico. O sistema de secagem não afetou a viabilidade das sementes, com exceção da cultivar SCS122 Miura que foi sensível a dano térmico e mecânico. A secagem estacionária comprometeu a qualidade fisiológica. Conclui-se que a secagem intermitente e a colheita com grau de umidade igual ou superior a 17%, mantém a qualidade fisiológica das cultivares SCSBRS Tio Taka, SCS122 Miura, SCS116 Satoru e SCS121 CL.   Palavras-chaves: Secagem estacionária, secagem intermitente, qualidade fisiológica.   THE DEGREE OF MOISTURE IN THE HARVEST AND THE DRYING SYSTEM ARE DETERMINANT FOR THE RICE SEED VIGOR   ABSTRACT: The degree of moisture at harvest and the drying system can determine the quality of the seeds produced. In this work, it was evaluated whether the drying system and the degree of moisture at harvest affect the physiological quality of rice seeds. It was conducted in a completely randomized design in a triple factorial scheme. Six cultivars produced in Alto Vale do Itajaí/SC in the 2016/17 crop were used, with moisture content at harvest equal or greater than 17% (19.30 – 17.30%) and less than 17% (16,40 - 15,03%) (wet basis). Seeds were submitted to stationary and intermittent drying systems. Tests of germination, viability, vigor by accelerated aging and cold were performed. Seeds harvested with moisture content ≥ 17% showed greater vigor. The cultivar was a factor of great relevance in the sensitivity to thermal and mechanical damage. The drying system did not affect seed viability, except for the cultivar SCS122 Miura, which was sensitive to thermal and mechanical damage. Stationary drying compromised physiological quality. It was concluded that intermittent drying and harvesting with moisture content equal or greater than 17% maintain the physiological quality of the SCSBRS Tio Taka, SCS122 Miura, SCS116 Satoru and SCS121 CL cultivars.   Keywords: Stationary drying, intermittent drying, physiological quality.

Development and Testing of a Roller Type Shelling Device (RTSD) Moringa oleifera Seed Shelling Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Tajudeen A. Ishola ◽  
Ezekiel O. Ariyo ◽  
Elijah A. Alhassan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Performance Index ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Labour Intensive Method

The huge nutritional value and industrial potentials inherent in Moringa oleifera have not been fully tapped and used because of the labour intensive method of shelling and grinding the seeds into fine powder. A Roller Type Shelling Device (RTSD) Moringa oleifera seed sheller was designed, constructed and tested in this study. The hopper, shelling drum, shelling paddle, screen, cleaning fan, frame, seed outlet, chaff delivery chute, and electric motor made up this functional machine. The performance indices evaluated for the developed sheller were based on shelling efficiency, cleaning efficiency, throughput capacity, mechanical damage index and shelling performance index at moisture content levels of 7.64, 9.45, 17.53, 21.73 and 25.52% (w.b). The sheller had maximum shelling efficiency, cleaning efficiency, throughput capacity, mechanical damage index and shelling performance index of 88.14%, 89.41%, 12.48 kg/h, 12.75% and 87.66% respectively at moisture content levels of 7.64% (w.b). With the output of the sheller, full industrial processing of Moringa oleifera seed is feasible with minimal limitation.

Correlating the Data on the Mechanical Damage to Mung Bean Seeds under Impact Loading

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feizollah Shahbazi ◽  
Saman Valizadeh ◽  
Ali Dolatshaie
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Mechanical damage of seeds due to harvest, handling, and other processes is an important factor that affects the quality and quaintly of seeds. This study evaluated impact damage to the mung bean seeds with moisture contents of 9.54 to 25% wet basis and subject to impact velocities from 10 to 25 m/s using a laboratory impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact velocity, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage physical damage in mung ban seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact velocity from 10 to 25 m/s caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the mean values of damage from 0.53 to 31.78%. The mean values of physical damage decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by a factor about two (from 22.41 to 11.24%), with increase in the moisture content from 9.54 to 20%. However, by a higher increase in the moisture from 20 to 25%, the mean value of damage showed a non-significant increasing trend. There was an optimum moisture level of 20%, at which seed damage was minimized. An empirical model composed of seed moisture content and velocity of impact developed for accurately describing the percentage of physical damage to mung beans. It was found that the model has provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable.

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