scholarly journals COMPARISON OF CAMELINA SEED YIELD AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN CONTRASTING ENVIRONMENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marjanovic Jeromela ◽  
◽  
Federica Zanetti ◽  
Johann Vollmann ◽  
Barbara Alberghini ◽  
...  

The most of the research work on camelina has been carried out in northern America and continental Europe. Two breeding groups (IFVCNS and BOKU) and one group focusing on the agronomy (DISTAL) just recently started research activities focusing on the development of new genotypes more adapted for southern regions of Europe. Common field trials, with 2 camelina lines selected by IFVCNS and 6 lines selected by BOKU were established at Bologna, Italy and at Rimski Šančevi, Serbia. Newly developed camelina lines were found to be highly adapted to Bologna environment, being able to achieve sustained seed yield in spite of delayed sowing and higher temperatures during pod filling period.

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Lisson ◽  
N. J. Mendham ◽  
P. S. Carberry

In studies assessing the prospects for a hemp industry, as well as in longer term research activities, the use of a hemp simulation model to complement the more traditional agronomic field trials would offer a number of potential advantages. In addition to being cost and labour intensive, field trials with hemp have political, social and security implications. With these implications in mind, a simulation model that captures the growth and development processes of hemp in response to management, genotypic, soil and climate factors, has the potential to increase research efficiency. The model could be used to assess the need, extent and nature of field trials, to help interpret field trial results, and to investigate temporal and spatial variability in selected crop responses. This paper describes a hemp crop growth and development model (APSIM-Hemp) and its validation against an independent dataset. The model was developed as a crop module within the framework of the larger systems model, Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM), to extend the capability to encompass the agricultural system in which hemp is grown. APSIM-Hemp incorporates relationships developed in the previous papers in this series relating to pre- and post-emergent phenology and leaf area production. Other parameters relating to biomass partitioning, biomass production, water uptake and nitrogen uptake were derived from separate field studies and selected references. APSIM-Hemp adequately predicted phenology, leaf area and biomass production for the cultivar Kompolti at Forthside in north-western Tasmania, for a dataset comprised of results from trials conducted over 3 seasons and including treatments of sowing date, irrigation regime and plant density. Although performing well against this independent dataset, the performance of the model needs to be further validated over a range of other soil, climate and management conditions in order to assess its broader predictive capability. Notwithstanding these limitations, the sound basis of a model for simulating the growth and development of hemp has been developed.


2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
C. U. Egbo ◽  
M. A. Adagba ◽  
D. K. Adedzwa

Field trials were conducted in the wet seasons of 1997 and 1998 at Makurdi, Otukpo and Yandev in the Southern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to study the responses of ten soybean genotypes to intercropping. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design. The genotypes TGX 1807-19F, NCRI-Soy2, Cameroon Late and TGX 1485-1D had the highest grain yield. All the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values were higher than unity, indicating that there is great advantage in intercropping maize with soybean. The yield of soybean was positively correlated with the days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, pods/plant and leaf area, indicating that an improvement in any of these traits will be reflected in an increase in seed yield. There was a significant genotype × yield × location interaction for all traits. This suggests that none of these factors acted independently. Similarly, the genotype × location interaction was more important than the genotype × year interaction for seed yield, indicating that the yield response of the ten soybean genotypes varied across locations rather than across years. Therefore, using more testing sites for evaluation may be more important than the number of years.


2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ti Zhang ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Christian J. Willenborg

Desiccants are currently used to improve lentil dry-down prior to harvest. Applying desiccants at growth stages prior to maturity may result in reduced crop yield and quality, and leave unacceptable herbicide residues in seeds. There is little information on whether various herbicides applied alone or as a tank-mix with glyphosate have an effect on glyphosate residues in harvested seed. Field trials were conducted at Saskatoon and Scott, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 2012 to 2014 to determine whether additional desiccants applied alone or tank mixed with glyphosate improve crop desiccation and reduce the potential for unacceptable glyphosate residue in seed. Glufosinate and diquat tank mixed with glyphosate were the most consistent desiccants, providing optimal crop dry-down and a general reduction in glyphosate seed residues without adverse effects on seed yield and weight. Saflufenacil provided good crop desiccation without yield loss, but failed to reduce glyphosate seed residues consistently. Pyraflufen-ethyl and flumioxazin applied alone or tank mixed with glyphosate were found to be inferior options for growers as they exhibited slow and incomplete crop desiccation, and did not decrease glyphosate seed residues. Based on results from this study, growers should apply glufosinate or diquat with preharvest glyphosate to maximize crop and weed desiccation, and minimize glyphosate seed residues.


2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Condon ◽  
F. Giunta

Transient waterlogging during winter and spring reduces wheat yield in many parts of southern Australia. Yield reductions from waterlogging are associated with reduced production and survival of tillers, fewer and smaller fertile tillers, and smaller grain size. Under favourable conditions, wheats that have the tiller-inhibition ('tin') gene produce a lower total number of tillers but a higher proportion of large, productive tillers and larger grains than wheats without this gene. These characteristics of restricted-tillering wheat may contribute to improved yield under transient waterlogging. We compared the growth and yield of the commercial variety Bodallin and 2 Bodallin backcross derivatives containing the 'tin' gene in 8 field trials grown on shallow, duplex soils in 1995 and 1996 at 3 locations in the south-west of Western Australia. Trials were sown at standard (1995) and standard and high (1996) seeding rates. Trial-mean yield ranged from 0.5 to 4.7 t/ha, depending on the occurrence and severity of waterlogging before anthesis and of soil water deficit before and after anthesis. Grain yield of the restricted-tillering (RT) lines averaged only c. 80% of Bodallin. At all sites and seeding rates the RT lines had fewer spikes per m2 (45% fewer, on average) but averaged 44% more grains per spike. In 1996 only, grain weight of the RT lines was 6% greater than of Bodallin. There was no evidence that the relative yield of the RT lines was greater at waterlogged sites than at other sites. Waterlogging reduced the number of fertile spikes of RT lines and of Bodallin to the same relative extent and differences in grains per spike and grain size had little effect on relative yields. Even though harvest index of the RT lines was slightly elevated in some environments, biomass production of the RT lines was low in all environments. We conclude that wheats with the 'tin' gene are unlikely to have a yield advantage under transient waterlogging unless their biomass production can match that of more freely tillering wheats.


1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Taylor ◽  
J. Y. Chambi

SUMMARYField trials are described in which the seed yield response of row-sown sesame to increasing plant population was examined, and in which row-sowing was compared with broadcasting at different seed rates. Maximum yields were obtained at an intended 200 to 250 × 103 plants ha−1 but yields were not greatly affected by a wider range of populations. Broadcasting, the normal local practice, gave yields slightly higher than those from rows 50 cm apart, the un-thinned rate of 800 × 103 viable seeds sown ha−1 yielded as well as treatments thinned to the optimum population, and double this seed rate, unthinned, gave the lowest yields, especially in rows.


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Sara Martinez ◽  
Sara Sánchez-Moreno ◽  
Jose Luis Gabriel ◽  
Cristina Álvarez ◽  
Maria del Mar Delgado

The valorization of municipal solid waste (MSW) can serve as an organic amendment in agriculture while reducing solid waste accumulation in the environment. This research aimed to evaluate the valorization of a bio-stabilized MSW amendment for the production of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crop. For this purpose, biomass production and growth, as well as, seed yield and seed components, seed nutrient accumulation, plant pigments, soil properties, and microorganisms were evaluated in comparison with faba bean mineral fertilization in a greenhouse experiment. The results demonstrated that the bio-stabilized MSW amendment achieved similar biomass production, plant growth, seed yield, nitrogen and protein content, and pigment content as the mineral fertilization treatment. On the other hand, the organic fertilization did not exhibit significant effects on the yield components number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod, and nutrient accumulation in seeds with respect to mineral and control treatments in both soils. Sandy and clay soil properties were improved in the organic treatments in comparison with the control soils by increasing soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and other soil nutrients, and providing a suitable pH for faba bean growth. Additionally, biological activity was favored by applying this source of organic fertilizer, enriching the nematode community. Reusing bio-stabilized MSW for agronomical purposes can add value to this waste product, serving as an effective alternative to mineral fertilizers in faba bean cultivation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
П.Я. БАКЛАНОВ ◽  
А.В. МОШКОВ

В статье приводится характеристика основных этапов развития экономико-географических исследований в Тихоокеанском институте географии с момента его организации. Выделено 5 этапов и представлены наиболее важные результаты экономико-географических исследований, полученных в лаборатории территориально-хозяйственных структур за 50 лет. Научные направления исследований определялись общими задачами, решаемыми Тихоокеанским институтом географии, в первую очередь это комплексные прогнозно-географические исследования разномасштабных геосистем Дальнего Востока России в контактной зоне «суша–океан». В основу выделения этапов исследований положены изменения тем научно-исследовательской работы лаборатории. Основным направлением в течение большого периода времени было изучение разноранговых территориально-хозяйственных структур Дальнего Востока, географических, в т.ч. природно-ресурсных, и геополитических факторов их развития. Изложены основные результаты, полученные сотрудниками лаборатории на разных этапах, в т.ч. теоретических и методологических исследований географического пространства и разноранговых пространственных систем, географических и геополитических факторов формирования разноранговых территориально-хозяйственных структур, в том числе трансграничных и аква-территориальных, разработки предложений для Программ устойчивого развития регионов, методов исследования производственно-природных отношений в локальных и районных территориально-производственных системах, оценки территориальных сочетаний природных ресурсов, изучения особенностей трансформации территориально-отраслевых структур, районирования территории и прибрежной акватории Дальнего Востока и т.д. Отдельные экономико-географические исследования имеют и большое практическое значение. В первую очередь, это разработанные в лаборатории предложения для Стратегий и Программ социально-экономического развития Дальнего Востока, Приморского края, агломерации Владивостока и других территорий. The article describes the main stages in the development of economic - geographical research at the Pacific Institute of Geography (now Pacific Geographical Institute) since its organization. The authors identified five such stages and presented the most important results of economic and geographical research accomplished in their laboratory of spatial-economic structures for 50 years. Scientific directions of these researches were determined by the general tasks solved by the Pacific Geographical Institute, in first turn, comprehensive forecasting and geographical research of different-scale geosystems of the Far East of Russia in the ‘land-ocean’ contact zone. The selection of the research stages was based on changes in the topics of the laboratory’s research work. For a long time its main topic was in the studies of multi-ranked territorial and economic structures of the Far East, and geographical factors of their development including natural resource and geopolitical ones. The main research activities of the laboratory staff at different stages included theoretical and methodological studies of geographic space and different-ranked spatial systems; geographical and geopolitical factors in the formation of multi-ranked territorial and economic structures, including transboundary and aqua-territorial ones; working out of proposals to the state programs of the sustainable development of regions; methods of researching the productive-natural relations in local and regional territorial-production systems; assessing the territorial combinations of natural resources; studying the features of the transformation of territorial and sectoral structures; zoning the territory and coastal waters of the Far East, etc. Separate economic and geographical studies are also of great practical importance. In first turn, there are proposals developed in the laboratory for strategies and programs of the socio-economic development of the Far East, Primorsky Kray, Vladivostok agglomeration and other territories.


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Luo Wanqi ◽  
◽  
Elena L. Bolotova ◽  

The relevance of the research is due to the need to increase the competitiveness of joint educational programs of pedagogical orientation in the system of Russian-Chinese relations in the field of higher education. The student satisfaction indicator not only indicates the attractiveness/unattractiveness of the educational program, but also allows you to identify the most vulnerable places in the organization of the educational process. The purpose of the study is to identify ways to improve the conditions for the implementation of Russian-Chinese joint educational programs of pedagogical orientation. Materials and methods. The study applied a descriptive method to conducting a survey of students studying under the bachelor's degree majors "Preschool Education", "Music Education", "Fine Arts" at the Moscow Institute of Arts of the Weinan Pedagogical University (Province Shanxi). 198 graduates participated in the questionnaire, accounting for 77% of the total number of graduates from the Moscow Institute of Arts. The study was conducted using the author's questionnaire, compiled taking into account the practice of assessing student satisfaction at Moscow Pedagogical State University and the recommendations of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China on the evaluation of joint Chinese-foreign educational programs. Results. In the study, the assessment of students' satisfaction with learning was carried out in five directions: satisfaction with the quality and content of training, satisfaction with the organization of the educational process, satisfaction with the material and technical support of the educational process, satisfaction with the organization of research activities, satisfaction with the socio-psychological climate at the institute. The study found that students' satisfaction with the organization of the educational process (68.2%) and its material and technical support (66.92%) was the highest, compared with their publishing activities in research work (60.4%). Despite the impossibility of implementing programs under the "3+1" scheme, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the internal motivation of students during online training in the "4+0" mode did not decrease, which led to the preservation of the contingent of students throughout the entire period of program implementation. Discussion and conclusion. The research results have practical significance for managers, employees and teachers of pedagogical universities participating in the implementation of Chinese-foreign joint educational programs, as well as for representatives of the scientific community dealing with the problems of ensuring the quality of such programs. Further research of students' satisfaction with studying under Russian-Chinese joint educational programs for teacher training can be aimed at analyzing the quality of implementation of such programs at the level of academic degrees of students of pedagogical universities.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexander Feary

<p>The restoration of Nauru’s mined areas is fundamental to the future wellbeing of the people and ecosystems of Nauru. Extensive open cast phosphate mining on Nauru over the last 100 years has led to soil losses and landscape degradation to the extent that over 70% of this South-Western Pacific island state is now uninhabitable and almost all productive land has been lost. Significant landscape degradation has occurred and as a consequence the soils that remain are insufficient in volume and quality to achieve the Government’s restoration goals which support the long-term development of Nauru and the well-being of its people. The aim of this research is to evaluate aspects of cover-crop use as a means for soil restoration in Nauru. This research evaluates biomass production, phytoremediation potential, and germination success for a range of species in Nauruan soils. Field trials exploring biomass production and cadmium phytoextraction were performed, as was an experiment assessing the effects of cadmium on germination success. It was found that, in the circumstances assessed, biomass productivity was significantly determined by species, mulch use, soil type, and to a small degree – cadmium. Phytoextraction was significantly determined by tissue type. Germination success was not determined by soil cadmium, but soil type was a significant factor.</p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Oksana Yurievna Brazhnik ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Batrachenko

This paper describes features of students research activities organization. The authors consider possibilities of research use while studying the courses of the variable part of the educational program. This paper focuses on the role of industrial practice in the implementation of research activities. The approximate content of practices programs, as well as the typology of tasks aimed at research work intensification is given. The authors emphasize the role of research activities for general professional and professional competencies development. The paper also considers peculiarities of estimation and ways of scientific-research work optimization while studying for the Masters degree. The conducted studies have shown that the assessment of competencies development can be carried out on various indicators, the following indicators are of fundamental importance: practical nature of scientific and innovative activity (participation in fundamental landscape and geographical research, modernization and creation of landscape programs of general scientific and applied importance), originality of the idea and creative approach, use of the latest technologies of landscape planning and design.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document