scholarly journals APPLICATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINING THE SIZE OF THE SANITARY PROTECTION ZONE OF NUCLEAR FACILITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
S.V. Barbashev
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Nuclear Facility ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Of The Environment

The dimensions of the sanitary protection zones (SPZ) for nuclear facility (NF) of I and II hazard classes are calculated based on the recommendations of national regulatory documents, taking into account the radiation factor of human exposure. At the same time, factors of a non-radiation nature are not considered, although they are present in the zone of influence of the NF and make an additional contribution to the formation of negative consequences for people. In this case, the definition of the boundaries of the SPZ is possible only in a result of analysis, comparison and calculation of various values characterizing the state of the environment and NF. Such an opportunity can be provided by the use of an expert system. The article describes a simplified version of the expert system designed to determine the boundaries of the NPP SPZ, which takes into account the dose criterion and criteria for non-radiation factors, and the results of its application for a real NPP.

Methodical and organizational aspects in designing sanitary protection zones for a group of enterprises or industrial centers as a toll for complex atmospheric air quality assessment

2019 ◽  
pp. 940-944
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Zagorodnov ◽  
I. V. May
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Outer Border ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
Environmental Measures

Introduction. Sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the organization of sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises located in the industrial hub. However, the justification procedure, establishing and monitoring boundaries of a single sanitary zones not fully resolved. This determines the practice of organization by economic entities of individual zones separating production from residential development. This situation complicates the adequate assessment of real pollution, as well as the reasonable development of programs (plans) of environmental measures. Identification of the sources that create poor air quality and public health risks is becoming extremely problematic.The aim of the study is to develop and test recommendations for the organization and methodological support of the design of a single sanitary protection zone of a group of enterprises in the current urban development.Materials and methods. The object of the study is an industrial hub formed by 5 industrial enterprises and located on the territory of a large urban settlement with a population of more than 450 thousand people. The city administration carried out a number of organizational measures that ensured the simultaneous inventory of emissions of enterprises and the design of the general sanitary zone of the industrial complex. The design work was carried out in full accordance with the current regulatory framework.Results. The verified unified database of 102 sources of chemical emissions and 113 sources of noise provided the possibility of summary calculations and obtaining the most correct results for surface concentrations in the zone of influence of the industrial hub. The program of quality control of atmospheric air defining the contribution of each economic subject to carrying out researches is formed. This made it possible to ensure the control of all priority contaminants at the outer border of the sanitary zone and reduce the costs of each separate economic entity. Zones of responsibility of each enterprise within borders of a uniform sanitary zone for tasks of maintenance of the standard maintenance of the territory are allocated.Conclusions. The obtained results confirmed the feasibility of designing unified sanitary protection zones for economic entities located in the industrial hub.

scholarly journals Barriers to Incident Reporting among Nurses: A Qualitative Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592199944
Author(s):  
Moataz Mohamed Maamoun Hamed ◽  
Stathis Konstantinidis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Incident Reporting ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Incident Reporting Systems ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Blame Culture ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Definition Of

Incident reporting in health care prevents error recurrence, ultimately improving patient safety. A qualitative systematic review was conducted, aiming to identify barriers to incident reporting among nurses. Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for qualitative systematic reviews was followed, with data extracted using JBI QARI tools, and selected studies assessed for methodological quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). A meta-aggregation synthesis was carried out, and confidence in findings was assessed using GRADE ConQual. A total of 921 records were identified, but only five studies were included. The overall methodological quality of these studies was good and GRADE ConQual assessment score was “moderate.” Fear of negative consequences was the most cited barrier to nursing incident reporting. Barriers also included inadequate incident reporting systems and lack of interdisciplinary and interdepartmental cooperation. Lack of nurses’ necessary training made it more difficult to understand the importance of incident reporting and the definition of error. Lack of effective feedback and motivation and a pervasive blame culture were also identified.

scholarly journals It Is Not Just Mortality: A Call From Chile for Comprehensive COVID-19 Policy Responses Among Older People

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Villalobos Dintrans ◽  
Jorge Browne ◽  
Ignacio Madero-Cabib
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Objective Provide a synthesis of the COVID-19 policies targeting older people in Chile, stressing their short- and long-term challenges. Method Critical analysis of the current legal and policy measures, based on national-level data and international experiences. Results Although several policies have been enacted to protect older people from COVID-19, these measures could have important unintended negative consequences in this group’s mental and physical health, as well as financial aspects. Discussion A wider perspective is needed to include a broader definition of health—considering financial scarcity, access to health services, mental health issues, and long-term care—in the policy responses to COVID-19 targeted to older people in Chile.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF THE SANITARY PROTECTION ZONE: APPROACHES AND DEFINITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-873
Author(s):  
P.V. Muntyanu
Keyword(s):  
General Term ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Industrial Facility ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The Public ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Cardinal Directions ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
Definition Of

The article gives an authorial definition of the sanitary protection zone. Sources of ionizing radiation were not taken into account when the definition was created as they have their own specifics and require individual investigation. The definition of the sanitary protection zone is given through the substance of its features, which are disclosed through analysis and comparison of regulatory acts, draft regulatory acts and literature. The features of the sanitary protection zone are the following: facility in respect of which the sanitary protection zone is established; the purpose of its establishment; zone size and boundaries; zone location and configuration; restriction of rights within the zone boundaries. It is proposed to define the facility in a general term “real estate”. It is defined that the purpose of establishing a sanitary protection zone is to ensure the absence of harmful impact on human health outside its boundaries. The size of a sanitary protection zone is calculated in eight cardinal directions taking into account the chemical, biological and physical impact on atmospheric air. The location of a sanitary protection zone is determined around an industrial facility and resembles a belt in configuration. The boundaries of a sanitary protection zone are determined by the geodetic method. The size and boundaries of a zone are shown in urban development zoning maps and in the public cadastral map. Restrictions within sanitary protection zones are expressed in prohibition on construction and obligations on compliance with the established regime.

scholarly journals RISK ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-55
Author(s):  
S. SOLODOVNICOV.
Keyword(s):  
High Tech ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Current Stage

The article is devoted to the theoretical substantiation of a new social paradigm – risk economy. The current stage of society development and the economy is characterized by a critical increase in financial, technological and technological, political and economic, geo-economic and other uncertainties. It is impossible to understand their ontological nature and reveal the phenomenological specificity without a meaningful definition of the current stage of development of the economic system of society. The article consistently revealed the characteristics of current society, which allowed the author to present a new political and economic concept that characterizes the current stage of development of society and the economy – the risk economy. The risk economy is an economy of high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries, characterized by the highest degree of political, economic, technological, financial and environmental uncertainties and risks. These risks are becoming comprehensive, many of them are in principle unpredictable, and their possible negative consequences could lead Humanity to a global catastrophe. Understanding the nature of risk economics is critically important for developing effective political and economic mechanisms to counter these risks.

scholarly journals Populism and foreign aid

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406612110442
Author(s):  
Tobias Heinrich ◽  
Yoshiharu Kobayashi ◽  
Edward Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Thin Elements ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Aid Policy

Pundits, development practitioners, and scholars worry that rising populism and international disengagement in developed countries have negative consequences on foreign aid. However, how populism and foreign aid go together is not well understood. This paper provides the first systematic examination of this relationship. We adopt the popular ideational definition of populism, unpack populism into its core “thin” elements, and examine them within a delegation model of aid policy—a prominent framework in the aid literature. In so doing, we identify specific domestic political processes through which the core components of populism may affect aid spending. We argue that increases in one component of populism—anti-elitism—and in nativist sentiments, an associated concept, in a donor country lead to a reduction in aid spending through a public opinion channel. We supply both micro- and macro-evidence for our arguments by fielding surveys in the United States and United Kingdom as well as by analyzing aid spending by a large number of OECD donors. Our findings show that nativism and anti-elitism, rather than populism per se, influence not only individual attitudes toward aid but also actual aid policy and generate important insights into how to address populist challenges to foreign aid. Beyond these, our study contributes to the broader International Relations literature by demonstrating one useful analytical approach to studying populism, nativism, and foreign policy.

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF MOBBING IN UKRAINIAN SOCIETY: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
S. Khrystiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Medical Leave ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Professional Reputation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Managerial Experience ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The current study aims to analyze modern problematicity of "mobbing" in Ukrainian society. The concept of "mobbing", the causes of its occurrence, manifestation specifics, distinguishing characteristics, main types and methods of eradicating its negative consequences both at the level of the enterprise management and relatively any individual have been studied. It has highlighted that now in Ukraine every second Ukrainian has been mobbed and, unfortunately, Ukraine has no legislatively fixed definition of the concept of "mobbing" and, accordingly, the mechanisms for regulating this phenomenon. The study states that mobbing is a hostile and unethical communication which is directed in a systematic way by one or a number of persons mainly toward one individual and results in the humiliation, devaluation, discrediting, and degradation; loss of professional reputation; removal of the victim from the organization through termination, extended medical leave, or quitting. It also has been proved that problem of mobbing is not fully understood or studied and to eliminate this destructive phenomenon, it is advisable to use the entire arsenal of management methods, to borrow the best foreign experience, simultaneously using their managerial experience and proceeding from the development specifics of any team.

scholarly journals ISSUES AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVEMENT IN SIMPLIFYING THE PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Andriy Vorobey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
National Police

The article deals with the problematic issues of pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses, under investigation by the units of the National Police of Ukraine, have not been studied in the scientific literature. The author of the article points out the problems of the legal status of a head of an inquest body, the author's definition of this term is given and proposed changes to the current criminal procedural legislation, which should eliminate legal gaps. Considered the inconsistencies of the current criminal procedural legislation in terms of regulating the order of attachment for seizure of the property during the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses. Analyzed judicial practice on this issue and proposed changes to legislation according to the needs of practice. The drawbacks are noted in establishing the terms of pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses, which are caused by the need to conduct psychiatric and other forensic examinations, it is proposed to provide in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine for an inquiry period of 2 months from the moment a person is informed of suspicion. The author's specified legal inconsistencies in the issue of regulating the conduct of a search during an inquiry, it is indicated that there is a need to standardize Articles 234–236 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Due to fact that the activities of the inquest bodies of the National Police of Ukraine are noticeably inefficient, it is proposed to introduce a shortened inquiry procedure in order to implement the principle of economy in the criminal process and saving resources used during the pre-trial investigation.The current procedural form of criminal investigation in Ukraine provides for the need to conduct a full range of investigative and procedural actions in a short time, even for obvious criminal offenses, when the suspect unequivocally pleads guilty and compensates for the damage, which has negative consequences. The introduction of an abbreviated procedure for inquiry is possible only for a clearly defined range of criminal offenses, the legislation must approve guarantees to ensure the rights of suspects from law enforcement abuses and the criteria under which an abbreviated form of inquiry is impossible. The study of the possibility of implementing an abbreviated order of inquiry is of practical importance and is an important area for further study.

Umweltschutzrecht in Tschechien

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-317
Author(s):  
Veronika Tomoszková
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Conditional Mode ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
The Eu

After 40 years of a totalitarian regime, the state of the environment in Czechoslovakia was catastrophic. The revolutions that swept through Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in 1989/1990, including Czechoslovakia, sparked enthusiastic hopes for a better, democratic and perhaps “greener” future for this region. The major strategic goal of all the post-communist CEE countries was to join the European Union. The “eastern” enlargement was to take place under strict conditions in order to ensure that the EU does not suffer the negative consequences of an ill-prepared expansion. In the light of joining the EU, Czechoslovakia managed to adopt the whole series of progressive environmental legislation. However, after the parliamentary elections in June 1992 and the split of Czechoslovakia, environmental protection had to give way to economic growth and the overall transformation of society. This paper describes the development of Czech environmental law from a legal and a political perspective, providing examples illustrating the Czech Republic’s performance in implementing the EU environmental law and policy. After 17 years of membership in the EU, the Czech Republic and the implementation of the EU environmental law is still in conditional mode - the availability of the EU funds is the main leverage and motive to comply with the EU law.

The Invisible Landscape: Subsoil, Environment and the Italian Legislation on the Cultural Heritage

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Laura Domanico
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historic Landscape ◽  
Emotional Approach ◽  
Italian Legislation

The study examines the Italian legislation on the cultural heritage and the environment, and points out the cultural gaps from the point of view of the definition and comprehension of these matters, and the delays surrounding the management of the cultural heritage in the territory. While theoretical debate on the environment in Italy has received a strong impulse in recent years, the cultural heritage continues to be governed by generally outdated laws of an essentially restrictive and punitive nature. The environment and cultural heritage are also seen by the Italian legislation as two separate entities, with negative consequences at the level of the protection, safeguarding and evaluation of the heritage. The study also puts forward a unified, dynamic view of the human environment (the interaction between human beings and the environment), which includes both the visible and invisible landscapes, the latter existing concealed beneath the surface. The proposed concept of the subsoil is that of a structured universe, in whose understanding and interpretation archaeology plays a determining role. By protecting and safeguarding only what ‘we can see’, i.e. the environmental and historic landscape above the soil, the law forgets that this is nothing other than the product of a series of partial landscapes fossilized and stratified in the course of time. By seeking out a new definition of the human environment, the study advances a conception that takes into account continuing transformations while not excluding an intuitive and emotional approach.

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