scholarly journals Surface Features of Code-switching in ‘The Nigerian Online Community’ Page on Facebook

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Layo Olaluwoye
Keyword(s):  
Online Community ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Surface Errors ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Theory Of Language

Existing studies on code-switching have mainly been carried out among English/Chinese bilinguals. Studies on English/Yoruba/Pidgin English bilinguals with emphasis on code-mixing and code-switching on the Internet have been grossly insufficient. Therefore, this study reveals the surface features of code-switching among Yoruba/English/Pidgin English bilinguals in the Nigerian Online Community on Facebook. For theoretical framework, we relied on insights from Halliday’s (1994) functional theory of language.  Five types of surface features were identified: simplified lexicon and sentences, non-adherence to the use of tones/diacritics, inconsistencies of spellings and words, unnecessary lengthening of letters, and tolerance of surface errors. The study has revealed the distinctive features of code-switching in the Nigerian Online Community page on Facebook. These linguistic features have thrown more light on the characteristics of the language use on the Facebook forum and how the posters use the codes in their speech repertoire to achieve this

Linguistic Dominance in Code Switching and Code Mixing Situations (Case of Study the Bilinguals with Albanian as L1)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Rrezarta Draçini
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Usage Level

Abstract Code switching and code mixing are processes, which happen often to bilingual speakers, depending on the linguistic situations in which they find themselves. These two processes are well known and are being studied for a long time. But, in this work we will concentrate on bilinguals with the Albanian language as L1, because there is a substantial lack of studies for the Albanian language and this particular situation. In the center of this work are the concrete examples, studied and analyzed. We will analyze: the effect that linguistic features of L1 have, while code switching and code mixing occur, because the Albanian language has a grammatical which is complex and is different from that of other languages, like English. The displacement that speakers have from one place to the other cause the relations of language use on the day to day basis communication to change, consequently different linguistic situations occur. How does the effect that L1, L2 languages change in relation to the everyday usage level from the speakers? In the code mixing process a code breach of one language occurs as a consequence of the inclusion in the language production of elements from another language. What are the linguistic features of the words which are included in the code mixing? Parts of our study are Albanian speaking subject, who live in Albania and outside, which have been recorded as they communicate in different linguistic situations. Their analysis has been conducted based on the latest linguistic, psycholinguistic, and sociolinguistic literature.

scholarly journals CODE SWITCHING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF LINGUISTIC SYSTEM OF SIMULTANEOUS BILINGUAL CHILDREN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Leni Amelia Suek
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
Sociolinguistic Competence

Code switching and code mixing are the phenomena commonly seen done by a bilingual. This behavior is influenced by several aspects such as the linguistic system, sociolinguistics, pragmatics, and language competence of the bilingual. If children are able to distinguish two different languages since early age, they will be considered simultaneous bilinguals. They show that they develop multiple, rather than single, linguistic systems. However, it was understood that code switching and code mixing were due to the failure in using proper words, language features, and sociolinguistic competence. Yet, recent studies have shown that bilingual children are able to use both languages proficiently with no signs of confusion or failure in language use. This ability also does not hinder their cognitive development.

Code-Switching as a Reflection of Contact-Induced Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 192-214
Author(s):  
Ad Backus
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
The Other ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Language Mixing ◽  
Lexical Change ◽  
Theory Of Language

Code-switching is often studied in purely synchronic terms, as recorded speech is analyzed for patterns of language mixing. Though this has yielded numerous useful theoretical advances, it has also shielded the code-switching literature from serious engagement with the phenomenon of language change, even from the subtype of change caused by language contact. There is also the additional practice of limiting the study of code-mixing and code-switching to lexical mixing. On the other side of the fence, meanwhile, discussions of contact-induced language change tend to be limited to morphological and syntactic phenomena. This chapter breaks through this stalemate, and argues that a usage-based approach to language change actually demands integration of these perspectives. Code-switching should be seen as a reflection of lexical change. It is for this reason that a synchronic distinction between loanwords and code-switching makes no sense, since the terms refer to the diachronic and synchronic planes, respectively, of the same phenomenon. In the chapter, the author interprets the code-switching literature from this theoretical viewpoint, and explores what both the literature on code-switching and that on contact-induced change stand to gain from linking their empirical findings to a usage-based theory of language change that allocates proper attention to synchrony and diachrony, and unites lexical and structural change in the same framework.

scholarly journals Linguistic Identity Construction of Shina Speakers: An Ethnographic Study

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
Shamim Ara Shams ◽  
Zia Ul Haq Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Formal Context ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Hybrid Identity ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
At Home

The present research intends to investigate the linguistic identity construction of Shina speakers in different contexts. The objective of the study is to study the pure Shina identity and to see how language use varies according to context. An ethnographic study was conducted to find out how Shina speakers construct their linguistic identities in different contexts. The sample for this research was purposive which included multilingual Shina speakers and the data was collected through interviews. The data was analyzed using Markedness Model by Myers- Scotton (1993). The findings of the study revealed that multilingual Shina speakers construct their linguistic identity in their interaction through code- switching and code mixing. It was found that a pure Shina identity is constructed at home and in close circles whereas a hybrid identity is constructed at the work place and formal context.

scholarly journals Arabic Language Education Program at Islamic Boarding School Ibnul Qoyyim Putri Yogyakarta: Study of Code Mixing, Code Switching, and Interference

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-218
Author(s):  
Muhajir ◽  
Siti Karomah
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Theory Of Language

This study aims to determine code-mixing, code-switching, and Arabic interference in the Arabic language education program at the Ibnul Qoyyim Putri Islamic Boarding School in Yogyakarta. It is based on two arguments; First, code-mixing, code-switching, and language interference are language “diseases” that are sociological and will be hereditary, especially in a particular program. So far, studies on sociolinguistics have separated code-mixing, code-switching, and interference, even though all three are interrelated. This study raises two issues: the forms of code-mixing, code-switching, and interference, and the causes of these three things. This research is qualitative research, with the methods used in this research being observation, interviews, and documentation. While the theory used is Fishman’s sociolinguistic theory of language in a socio-cultural context. The results of this study indicate that; First, code-switching that occurs in Arabic education programs  Pondok Pesantren Ibnul Qoyyim Putri Yogyakarta is a form of code-switching at the word and phrase level, while the code-mixing that occurs is at the word level. The interference that occurs includes phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic interference. Second, code-switching, mixing, and interference in Arabic language education programs are caused by the instructors’ lack of a correct model and inadequate mastery of Arabic theory.

scholarly journals Language Use: Code Mixing, Code Switching, Borrowing, Pidginization, and Creolization

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Komang Trisna Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Linguistic System

This study was conducted to gather sufficient information on the language use: code mixing, code switching, borrowing, pidginization, and creolization. The method used in this study is through a literature study that collects several previous studies to answer about code mixing, code switching, borrowing, pidginization, and creolization purposes. The results of this study that code can be a variety related to the element of language like sentence, clause, phrase and word which have the limitation because the code which is chosen by the speaker based on his/her necessity in communicating. CodeMixing is the mix of code from two languages or more in some content of conversation in form of a sentence, while Code-Switching defined as a term which is used to indicate exchange of two or more languages, varieties of language, and can be also an exchange in style. Moreover, Borrowing is the process of importing linguistic items from one linguistic system into another, a process that occurs any time two cultures are in contact over a period of time. Furthermore, Pidginization is a simplification of code of language which has arisen as the result of contact between people of different languages usually formed a mixing of the languages. When pidgin develops to creole, it is described as creolization. Creole is a pidgin which is modified and appropriated in its structure and vocabulary.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN BAHASA KOMUNITAS PEDAGANG DI KOTA SEMARANG (LANGUAGE USE OF MERCHANT’S COMMUNITY IN SEMARANG)

JALABAHASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-78
Author(s):  
Suryo Handono
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Tulisan ini dilandasi pemikiran bahwa peran faktor sosial, budaya, dan situasional dalam penggunaan bahasa komunitas pedagang di Kota Semarang belum terungkap secara empiris. Selain itu, interaksi verbal pada ranah tersebut yang melibatkan berbagai partisipan dengan topik yang bervariasi akan memunculkan penggunaan bahasa yang bervariasi. Tulisan ini mendeskripsi kosabahasa, variasi bahasa, dan faktor yang memengaruhi penggunaan bahasa. Untuk mengungkap permasalahan tersebut, digunakan pendekatan linguistik, sosiologi, antropologi, dan psikologi sosial, tetapi tetap bertumpu pada permasalahan bahasa dalam hubungannya dengan masyarakat. Data tulisan ini adalah tuturan warga komunitas pedagang di Kota Semarang yang dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan langsung dengan menggunakan teknik simak, baik simak libat cakap maupun simak bebas libat cakap, dan metode wawancara yang disertai dengan teknik rekam dan catat. Melalui analisis kontekstual ditemukan bahwa kosabahasa terdiri atas bahasa Indonesia ragam formal, bahasa Indonesia ragam nonformal, bahasa Jawa ragam krama, dan bahasa Jawa ragam ngoko. Variasi berwujud tunggal bahasa, alih kode, dan campur kode. Pilihan tunggal bahasa meliputi pengunaan bahasa Indonesia ragam formal, bahasa Indonesia ragam nonformal, bahasa Jawa ragam krama, dan bahasa Jawa ragam ngoko. Alih kode terdiri atas alih kode dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Jawa krama, bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Jawa ngoko, bahasa Jawa krama ke bahasa Indonesia, dan bahasa Jawa ngoko ke bahasa Indonesia. Campur kode terdiri atas campur kode bahasa Jawa ragam krama dalam bahasa Indonesia, bahasa Jawa ragam ngoko dalam bahasa Indonesia, bahasa Indonesia dalam bahasa Jawa ragam krama, bahasa Jawa ragam ngoko dalam bahasa Jawa ragam krama, bahasa Indonesia dalam bahasa Jawa ragam ngoko, dan bahasa Jawa ragam krama dalam bahasa Jawa ragam ngoko. Campur kode tersebut berbentuk kata, frasa, baster, perulangan, dan ungkapan. Faktor yang memengaruhi penggunaan bahasa adalah status sosial, jarak sosial, usia, situasi tutur, dan tujuan tutur.    This research is conducted to the fact that the role of social factor, culture, and the situation of the language use in Semarang merchant’s community is not yet being studied empirically. In the other side, the verbal interaction in such community involves various participants with various topics and language use. This study aims to describe the language vocabulary, variation, and factors that infl uence the language use. To overcome the problems, the writer not only uses the linguistics, sociology, anthropology, and social psychology approaches, but also relates language with society. The data is taken from the utterances of the merchant’s community in Semarang which are collected from the direct observation using the techniques of simak, whether simak libat cakap or simak bebas libat cakap, and the method of interview using the take-note and interview method. Through the contextual analysis, it is found that the language vocabularies of the community are formal and nonformal Indonesian language, Javanese krama and ngoko. The variations are in the form of single language, code switching, and code mixing. The single language is in the form of formal and nonfromal Indonesian, Javenese karma and ngoko. The code switching is in the form of switching Indonesian to Javanese krama, Indonesian to Javanese ngoko, Javanese krama to Indonesian, and Javanese ngoko to Indonesian. The code mixing is in the form of Javanese krama in Indonesian, Javanese ngoko in Indonesian, Indonesian in Javanese krama, Javanese ngoko in Javanese krama, Indonesian in Javanese ngoko, and Javanese krama in Javanese ngoko. The code mixing is found in words, phrases, baster, repetition, and expressions. The factors that infl uence the language use is the social status, social distance, age, purpose and the situation of the utterances. 

Codeswitching und Crossing zum Gastarbeiterdeutsch als ethnolektale Merkmale der deutschmarokkanischen Chat-Kommunikation

Glottotheory ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naima Tahiri
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Moroccan Arabic ◽  
Language Alternation ◽  
Migrant Groups

AbstractThis paper is a study of code-switching and crossing into “guest worker's” German in chat communication between female bilinguals of Moroccan background, who are the descendants of so-called “Gastarbeiter” (‘guest workers’). Code-switching and crossing can both be seen as manifestations of ethnolectal speech. Linguists pay little attention to the language use of the Moroccan community in Germany, whereas the language use of migrants with Turkish background is well-researched. The results of studies concerning the language use (especially about language alternation) of bilinguals with ethnic Turkish background are compared with the results of the present study. The most important results are the following: The chat communication of the bilingual Moroccan migrants is characterized by code-switching, which is restricted to pragmatically delimitable constituents (such as in the case of religious routine formulas, which are the focus of this analysis) and by crossing into “guest worker's” German, which manifests itself when the pronunciation of specific words are imitated. Whereas bilinguals with Moroccan background apparently prefer code-switching as type of language alternation, bilinguals with Turkish background display a preference for code-mixing in addition to code-switching. This result stands in accord with the study of Dorleijn and Nortier (2008), which investigated the language alternation of Turkish and Moroccan migrant groups in the Netherlands. It is supposed that bilinguals with Moroccan background show no code-mixing, because they are, with regard to their language of origin, a heterogeneous group (Berber and Arabs) and because Moroccan Arabic has lost, in diasporic context, its function as

scholarly journals Linguistic structures and functions of thesis and dissertation titles in Dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Alberto Morales ◽  
Bexi Perdomo ◽  
Daniel Cassany ◽  
Rosa María Tovar ◽  
Élix Izarra
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
English Language ◽  
Genre Studies ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Nominal Phrase ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Grammatical Structures

AbstractTitles play an important role in genre analysis. Cross-genre studies show that research paper and thesis titles have distinctive features. However, thesis and dissertation titles in the field of dentistry have thus far received little attention. Objective: To analyze the syntactic structures and their functions in English-language thesis and dissertation titles in dentistry. Methodology: We randomly chose 413 titles of English-language dentistry theses or dissertations presented at universities in 12 countries between January 2000 and June 2019. The resulting corpus of 5,540 running words was then analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, the two complementary focuses being grammatical structures and their functions. Results: The average title length was 13.4 words. Over half of the titles did not include any punctuation marks. For compound titles, we found that colons, dashes, commas, and question marks were used to separate the different components, colons being the most frequent. Four syntactic structures (nominal phrase, gerund phrase, full-sentence, and prepositional phrase) were identified for single-unit titles. Single-unit nominal phrase titles constituted the most frequent structure in the corpus, followed by compound titles. Four particular rhetorical combinations of compound title components were found to be present throughout the corpus. Conclusions: Titles of dentistry theses and dissertation in English echo the content of the text body and make an important contribution to fulfilling the text’s communicative purposes. Thus, teaching research students about the linguistic features of thesis titles would be beneficial to help them write effective titles and also facilitate assessment by teachers.

Investigating Language Use Through Corpusbased Analyses of Association Patterns

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Biber
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Association Patterns ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Empirical Approaches

The present paper argues that analyses of language use provide an important complementary perspective to traditional linguistic descriptions, and that empirical approaches are required for such investigations. Corpus-based techniques are particularly well suited to these research purposes, enabling investigation of research questions that were previously disregarded. Specifically, the paper discusses the use of corpus-based techniques to identify and analyze complex "association patterns": the systematic ways in which linguistic features are used in association with other linguistic and non-linguistic features. Several illustrative analyses are discussed, investigating the use of lexical features, grammatical features, and the overall patterns of variability among texts and registers.

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