scholarly journals Changes in Biochemical Parameters in Human immunodeficiency virus Infected Patients: A Pre-Treatment Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
D O Ochalefu ◽  
H A Abu ◽  
E OO Amali ◽  
A S Agada ◽  
I E Alonyenu
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

In recent times there have been advances in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection. However, the disease still poses threat to biochemical parameters of the body. This study was carried out to investigate the biochemical parameters in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected patients who were yet to start anti-Retroviral drugs regimen. This study was carried out for a period of six weeks using structural questionnaires.  A total of one hundred participants were used for the study out of which fifty were Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected while the remaining fifty were Human Immunodeficiency Virus negative, who served as control. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the values of Total Protein, Albumin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Triacylglycerol, Calcium and Sodium of Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive patients when compared with the control. However, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the mean values of the conjugated Bilirubin, Urea, Creatinine, Potassium, Bicarbonate and Chloride of the infected patients when compared with those of the control. The findings in this study showed significant changes in biochemical parameters in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected subjects.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Ritonavir and Delavirdine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1694-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Shelton ◽  
Ross G. Hewitt ◽  
John Adams ◽  
Andrew Della-Coletta ◽  
Steven Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Full Dosage ◽  
Delavirdine Mesylate

ABSTRACT To evaluate the pharmacokinetic effect of adding delavirdine mesylate to the antiretroviral regimens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients stabilized on a full dosage of ritonavir (600 mg every 12 h), 12 HIV-1-infected subjects had delavirdine mesylate (400 mg every 8 h) added to their current antiretroviral regimens for 21 days. Ritonavir pharmacokinetics were evaluated before (day 7) and after (day 28) the addition of delavirdine, and delavirdine pharmacokinetics were evaluated on day 28. The mean values (± standard deviations) for the maximum concentration in serum (C max) of ritonavir, the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC0-12), and the minimum concentration in serum (C min) of ritonavir before the addition of delavirdine were 14.8 ± 6.7 μM, 94 ± 36 μM · h, and 3.6 ± 2.1 μM, respectively. These same parameters were increased to 24.6 ± 13.9 μM, 154 ± 83 μM · h, and 6.52 ± 4.85 μM, respectively, after the addition of delavirdine (P is <0.05 for all comparisons). Delavirdine pharmacokinetic parameters in the presence of ritonavir included a C max of 23 ± 16 μM, an AUC0-8 of 114 ± 75 μM · h, and a C min of 9.1 ± 7.5 μM. Therefore, delavirdine increases systemic exposure to ritonavir by 50 to 80% when the drugs are coadministered.

scholarly journals Effects of Probiotics Supplementation on Growth Performance and Certain Haemato-biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chickens

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Islam ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
SML Kabir ◽  
SM Kamruzzaman ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Key Words Probiotics

The study was carried out to know the effects of probiotics (Protexin® Boost) supplementation on growth performances and haemato-biochemical parameters of "Shaver Star Bro" broiler chickens during the period from September to October 2003. A total of 20, day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned into four equal groups (n = 5) as A, B, C and D. Group A was considered as control fed with commercial ration while group B, C and D were fed with commercial ration with the addition of 1 g, 2 g and 3 g probiotics / 10 litres drinking water respectively up to 35 days of age. The results showed that the body weight gains corresponding to the different treatments were differed significantly (p < 0.01) at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th weeks of age. The meat yield characteristics corresponding to the different treatments did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) whereas bursa weight differed significantly (p < 0.05) among the different groups. The mean values of Hb, PCV and ESR corresponding to the different treatments were significantly (p < 0.01) differ. Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, SGPT and SGOT values corresponding to the different treatments were also differed significantly (p < 0.01). The findings suggest that supplementation of probiotics has significant effects on live weight gain and haemato-biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. Key words: Probiotics; effects; growth; haemato-biochemical parameters; broiler chickens doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1933 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 39-43

scholarly journals Assessment of Lifestyle Practices and Nutritional Status among Undergraduate Medical Students

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
B. N. Kruthi ◽  
H. Raghunath ◽  
M. Hamsa
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lifestyle Practices

Background and Objectives: Overweight and obesity are not only the biggest problem among the middle-aged but also among children, teenagers and young adults. Early detection of the factors causing obesity, in turn, helps in the prevention of its complications. The objectives of the study were to assess the various lifestyle practices among medical students and to correlate the relationship between the nutritional status and biochemical parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional - study was conducted on MBBS students studying at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Mandya, Karnataka, India. Self-administered questionnaires were given to the students followed by the recording of their anthropometric measurements. Nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Fasting blood sample was collected from the student and analysed the biochemical parameters. Results: Out of 325 students, 48.9% were male students and 51.1% were female students. It was found that a higher percentage of female students (53%) was on a balanced diet as compared to male students (47.2%). The daily consumption of fruits and vegetables were less amongst students of both genders. Mean values of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C) were higher among male students as compared to female students. Mean values of few biochemical parameters like FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C were higher amongst obese students along with a corresponding decrease in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C). Conclusion: Our study showed that unhealthy dietary and lifestyle practices were associated with increased levels of various biochemical parameters and it was more common amongst male students. Increased biochemical parameters like FBS, TC, TG and LDL-C with the corresponding decrease in HDL-C is an alarming sign for increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease among the younger age group.

scholarly journals Doravirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) Versus Efavirenz/Emtricitabine/TDF in Treatment-naive Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: Week 96 Results of the Randomized, Double-blind, Phase 3 DRIVE-AHEAD Noninferiority Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Orkin ◽  
Kathleen E Squires ◽  
Jean-Michel Molina ◽  
Paul E Sax ◽  
Otto Sussmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Doravirine (DOR) is a nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor. In the phase 3 DRIVE-AHEAD trial in treatment-naive adults with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, DOR demonstrated noninferior efficacy compared with efavirenz (EFV) and superior profiles for neuropsychiatric tolerability and lipids at 48 weeks. We present data through week 96. Methods DRIVE-AHEAD is a phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, noninferiority trial in antiretroviral treatment-naive adults with HIV-1 RNA ≥1000 copies/mL. Participants were randomized to a daily fixed-dose tablet of DOR (100 mg), lamivudine (3TC; 300 mg) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF; 300 mg) (DOR/3TC/TDF) or EFV (600 mg), emtricitabine (FTC; 200 mg) and TDF (300 mg) (EFV/FTC/TDF). The efficacy end point of interest at week 96 was the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA levels &lt;50 copies/mL (Food and Drug Administration Snapshot Approach) with a predefined noninferiority margin of 10% to support week 48 results. Safety end points of interest included prespecified neuropsychiatric adverse events and the mean change in fasting lipids at week 96. Results Of 734 participants randomized, 728 received study drugs and were included in analyses. At week 96, HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL was achieved by 77.5% of DOR/3TC/TDF vs 73.6% of EFV/FTC/TDF participants, with a treatment difference of 3.8% (95% confidence interval, –2.4% to 10%). Virologic failure rates were low and similar across treatment arms, with no additional resistance to DOR observed between weeks 48 and 96. Prespecified neuropsychiatric adverse events and rash were less frequent in DOR/3TC/TDF than in EFV/FTC/TDF participants through week 96. At week 96, fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels increased in the EFV/FTC/TDF group but not in the DOR/3TC/TDF group; the mean changes from baseline in total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio were similar. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02403674.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Saquinavir plus Low-Dose Ritonavir in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Pregnant Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Acosta ◽  
Arlene Bardeguez ◽  
Carmen D. Zorrilla ◽  
Russell Van Dyke ◽  
Michael D. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
Labor And Delivery ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy make it difficult to predict antiretroviral pharmacokinetics (PKs), but few data exist on the PKs of protease inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women. The objective of the present study was to determine the PKs of ritonavir (RTV)-enhanced saquinavir (SQV) in HIV-infected pregnant women by an area under the curve (AUC)-targeted approach. A phase I, formal PK evaluation was conducted with HIV-infected pregnant woman during gestation, during labor and delivery, and at 6 weeks postpartum. The SQV-RTV regimen was 800/100 mg twice a day (b.i.d.), and nucleoside analogs were administered concomitantly. The SQV exposure targeted was an AUC at 24 h of 10,000 ng · h/ml. Participants were evaluated for 12-h steady-state PKs at each time period. Thirteen subjects completed the PK evaluations during gestation, 7 completed the PK evaluations at labor and delivery, and 12 completed the PK evaluations postpartum. The mean baseline weight was 67.4 kg, and the median length of gestation was 23.3 weeks. All subjects achieved SQV exposures in excess of the target AUC. The SQV AUCs at 12 h (AUC12s) during gestation (29,373 ± 17,524 ng · h/ml [mean ± standard deviation]), during labor and delivery (26,189 ± 22,138 ng · h/ml), and during the postpartum period (35,376 ± 26,379 ng · h/ml) were not significantly different. The mean values of the PK parameters for RTV were lower during gestation than during the postpartum period: for AUC12, 7,811 and 13,127 ng · h/ml, respectively; for trough concentrations, 376 and 632 ng/ml, respectively; and for maximum concentrations, 1,256 and 2,252 ng/ml, respectively (P ≤ 0.05 for all comparisons). This is the first formal PK evaluation of a dual protease inhibitor regimen with HIV-infected pregnant women. The level of SQV exposure was sufficient at each time of evaluation. These data demonstrate large variability in SQV and RTV concentrations and suggest that RTV concentrations are altered by pregnancy. These PK results suggest that SQV-RTV at 800/100 mg b.i.d. appears to be a reasonable treatment option for this population.

Heparin Cofactor II Deficiency in Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (05) ◽  
pp. 730-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Toulon ◽  
M Lamine ◽  
I Ledjev ◽  
T Guez ◽  
M E Holleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitor ◽  
Unusual Complication ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Coagulation Inhibitor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocytes

SummaryIn human plasma, heparin cofactor II (HCII) is a thrombin inhibitor, whose deficiency has been reported to be associated with recurrent thrombosis. The finding of two cases of low plasma HCII activity in two patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) led us to investigate this coagulation inhibitor in the plasma of a larger population of HIV-infected patients. The mean plasma HCII activity was significantly lower in 96 HIV-infected patients than in 96 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (0.75 ± 0.24 vs 0.99 ± 0.17 U/ml, p <0.0001). HCII antigen concentration was decreased to the same extent as the activity. The proportion of subjects with HCII deficiency was significantly higher in the HIV-infected group than in healthy individuals (38.5% vs 2.1%). In addition, HCII was significantly lower in AIDS patients than in other HIV-infected patients, classified according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) on the basis of an absolute number of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes below 200 x 106/1. The link between HCII and immunodeficiency is further suggested by significant correlations between HCII activity and both the absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes and the CD4+ to CD8+ lymphocyte ratio. Nevertheless, the mean HCII level was not different in the various groups of patients classified according to clinical criteria, except in CDC IVD patients in whom HCII levels were significantly lower. In addition, no correlation could be demonstrated between HCII and protein S activities, another coagulation inhibitor whose plasma level was also found to be decreased in HIV-infected patients. A similar prevalence of HCII deficiency was also found in a small series of 7 HIV-infected patients who developed thrombotic episodes, an unusual complication of the infection. This suggests that, in HIV-infected patients, HCII deficiency is not in itself the causative factor for the development of thrombosis.

Assessment of nutritional status of students of medical institute according to the blood biochemical parameters

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Rofail Rakhmanov ◽  
Elena Bogomolova ◽  
Mariya Shaposhnikova ◽  
Mariya Sapozhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

The biochemical blood parameters characterizing the students ’nutritional status were evaluated: protein, lipid, carbohydrate metabolism, a number of minerals. The mean values, errors of the mean, median (Me), boundary (Q) and the range of 25–75 percentiles were determined. In 9.1 % of students and 28.6 % of students, the total protein was increased. Creatinine in men was in the upper normal range, in women — at the upper limit of normal, of which 46.2 % was higher than normal. The interval Q25–75 of uric acid in students is determined in the lower normal zone. In 40.0 % of men, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Q25–75 corresponded to 1.15–1.79), in women — below normal, Q25–75 5 was 1.3–1.5, decreased in 73.3 %. Me and Q25–75 iron were in the lower normal range; 14.1 % of men and 13.2 % of women are below normal. Me sodium and potassium at the level of the lower boundary of the norm, Q25–75 in the lower zone of the norm: in 16.0 % and 15.4 % of students the levels are reduced. Calcium is slightly above the lower limit of the norm, Q25–75–2.1–2.24, indicating an insufficient intake in the whole group; 25.0 % are below normal. The border of the 25th percentile of magnesium is at the level of the lower border of the norm, in 19.2 % it is reduced. 7.2 % lack of chlorine. Phosphorus is normal, but Q25–75 is in the upper zone; 17.9 % increased. Biochemical markers can identify individuals with metabolic disorders of nutrients. Statistical indicators — the median, the boundaries of 25–75 quartiles and their scope characterize the metabolism of macronutrients and minerals in the group and subgroups of students. Laboratory and mathematical methods can provide a basis for identifying the specific causes of these changes. For this, you can use the questionnaire method of studying the nutrition of students, possibly using the developed questionnaires for a specific situation.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor used as a single agent and in an alternating regimen with azidothymidine in leukopenic patients with severe human immunodeficiency virus infection [see comments]

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Pluda ◽  
R Yarchoan ◽  
PD Smith ◽  
N McAtee ◽  
LE Shay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
P24 Antigen ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

We investigated the effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) administered by the subcutaneous route, first alone and then alternating with azidothymidine (AZT), in leukopenic patients with severe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Ten patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or related disorders, five of whom could not tolerate conventional doses of AZT, were administered rGM-CSF subcutaneously for 12 days. They then were administered an alternating regimen using AZT for 1 week, followed by 5 days of subcutaneous rGM-CSF and 2 days without any medication. During the initial 12 days of GM-CSF administration, there was an increase in the mean white blood cell (WBC) value. In addition, rGM-CSF stimulated circulating monocytes as evidenced by an increase in superoxide anion production and expression of surface HLA-DR antigen. However, at the same time rGM-CSF increased the serum HIV p24 antigen in each of the six evaluable patients from 189 x/divided by 2.02 pg/mL (geometric mean x/divided by SEM) at entry to 375 x/divided by 2.11 pg/mL (P less than .05). During the subsequent period of alternating AZT and rGM-CSF treatment, serum HIV p24 antigen fell below the day 14 value in most patients, particularly after the weeks of AZT administration. The mean T4 cell value increased in patients who had not previously received AZT, but generally did not change in those who had prior AZT exposure. Hematologic toxicity appeared to be somewhat reduced compared with continuous full-dose AZT therapy, and two patients with previous AZT hematologic toxicity tolerated this alternating regimen for 25 weeks. Additional regimens simultaneously combining these two agents are worth exploring.

scholarly journals Study of Adverse Effect Profile of Zoledronic Acid Infusion Among Patients with Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Elsalem ◽  
Haneen A. Basheer ◽  
Ayat Alshoh ◽  
Abdullah Abu-Aqoulah ◽  
Hussein Alsa'di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background: Zoledronic acid (ZA) is widely used in the management of cancer-related bone events. It, however, might be associated with serious adverse effects. Objectives: To evaluate ZA adverse effects and changes in biochemical parameters related to ZA toxicities among patients with cancer. Methods: Ninety-eight oncology patients, who were prescribed ZA intravenous (IV) infusion, were interviewed to assess whether they experienced ZA related symptoms, including acute events and serious adverse effects. ZA’s effects on the serum levels of different biochemical parameters were retrospectively assessed by checking patients’ electronic medical records. Results: The most commonly reported adverse effects were: myalgia (48%), bone pain (36.7%), influenza-like symptoms (34.7%), headache (31.6%), and pyrexia (22.45%) with decreasing frequency of such adverse effects upon repeated infusions. Serious side effects including jaw osteonecrosis, cardiac, and renal problems were not reported. A small, but statistically significant reduction in serum calcium, creatinine, and total protein levels was observed upon comparing levels before and after the first IV infusion of ZA (P ≤ 0.031). No significant change was recorded with other serum electrolytes including phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and magnesium as well as urea levels (P ≥ 0.271). No significant difference was determined in terms of final serum levels of all parameters in comparison to pre-treatment (P ≥ 0.059), except for potassium, where a significant reduction was observed (P = 0.003). Notably, the mean values of all parameters were within the normal range. Conclusions: ZA acute events resolved with symptomatic treatment and reduced with repeated IV infusions. ZA appears as a safe treatment modality for skeletal-related events among patients with cancer and the reported adverse effects should not affect patients’ compliance.

scholarly journals Effect of aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica on rifampicin- induced jaundice in rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Tunji Akande ◽  
Timothy Olugbenga Ogundeko ◽  
Solomon Oyewale Opajobi ◽  
Samaila Garba Yaura ◽  
Isiaiah Iorkyase Idyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

High rate of dependence on medicinal plants for maintenance of health care needs over the decades in communities all over the world especially in Africa and Asia needs adequate scientific verification and authentication. Liver related diseases have however become a global problem. Jaundice was established on 9 of a total population of 12 rabbits of mixed sex, weighing 1.50kg - 2.34kg using an overdose pretreatment of Rifampicin (300mg/ kg bw) P.O. After 3 days, the Animals were administered with various doses of aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica (600, 750, 900mg/kg bw) P.O for each group of rats – A, B, C and D (control ), after which the animals were bled via marginal ear vein at zero hour, 7th and 14th days and the blood used for the following assays: Alkaline Phosphatase, Acid Phosphatase, Total Bilirubin, Conjugated Bilirubin and Alanine Transaminase. Experimental animals exhibited lack of appetite, reduced activity, scratching of the body, emesis, yellow coloration of the sclera, light-colored stool and a little dark urine over time. There was also increase in the levels of the biochemical parameters as the day increased. Aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem) exhibited increasing elevated levels of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Acid Phosphatase (AP), Total Bilirubin (T/Bil), Conjugated Bilirubin (Conj/Bil), and slightly in Alanine Transaminase (ALT), thus exerted elevated hepatotoxicity on Rifampicin-induced Rabbits. Therefore, the traditional use of Azadirachta indica in management of jaundice should be discontinued.

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