scholarly journals Soportes neurales de las emociones: un acercamiento descriptivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 5560-5567
Author(s):  
Franyelit Suárez-Carreño
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
Social Standard ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
The Brain

En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de las emociones desde los procesos cognoscitivos cerebrales, tomando en cuenta algunos estudios neurobiológicos experimentales. Se analizan los sistemas sensoriales, las reacciones fisiológicas del sistema nervioso central, y se evalúan los estímulos emocionales. Se evidencia que las expresiones subjetivas y las reacciones físicas de las emociones están condicionadas a los patrones sociales, costumbres familiares y principalmente a estereotipos morales de las personas. Entre las características observadas prevalecen las emociones auto sancionarías y las de empatía con el otro. Finalmente fue posible reconocer que la restricción de las emociones en las personas puede ocasionar conductas psicológicas que perjudican su relación con el entorno. Además, se producen conductas antisociales, falta de comprensión de los sentimientos ajenos, incumplimiento de las reglas, entre otras actividades y estándares sociales.   This work presents a review of emotions from the cognitive processes of the brain, taking into account some experimental neurobiological studies. Sensory systems are analyzed, physiological reactions of the central nervous system, and emotional stimuli are evaluated. It is evidenced that subjective expressions and physical reactions of emotions are conditioned to social patterns, family customs and mainly to moral stereotypes of people. Among the observed characteristics, self-sanctioning emotions and those of empathy with the other prevail. Finally, it was possible to recognize that the restriction of emotions in people can cause psychological behaviors that damage their relationship with the environment. In addition, antisocial behaviors occur, lack of understanding of the feelings of others, breach of rules, among other activities and social standard.  

scholarly journals Stress psychology and its analysis from artificial intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (45) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Franyelit M. SUAREZ ◽  
◽  
Luis E. ORTIZ ◽  
Luis D. ROSALES ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Reactions

A review of emotions from cognitive brain processes is presented, taking into account some experimental neurobiological studies. Sensory systems, physiological reactions of the central nervous system, and emotional stimuli are evaluated. It is evident that subjective expressions and physical reactions of emotions are conditioned to social patterns, family customs and mainly to moral stereotypes of people. Artificial intelligence is used, with state vector machine for the pro-cessing of human biological signals. Among the observed characteristics, self-sanctioning emo-tions and those of empathy with the other prevail. Finally it was possible to recognize that the restriction of emotions in people can cause psychological behaviors that harm their relationship with the environment. It produces antisocial behaviors, lack of understanding of the feelings of others, breach of the rules, among other activities and social standards.

scholarly journals Correlation of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with psycological factors: A viscous cycle?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akriti Sharma ◽  
◽  
Garima Singal ◽  
Urvi Saini ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
The Brain

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a disorder of the gastro-intestinal tract is often associated with psychological factors such as anxiety and depression. Researchers across the globe are divided in their views about psychological factors being the cause or sequalae of GERD. While some researchers believe that psychiatric disorders contribute to GERD, others suggest that unresolved GERD leads to symptoms of anxiety and depression. Through this article we aim to highlight, that the brain-gut axis acts as a strong link between the central nervous system and Gastrointestinal tract and that there is a likelihood of a viscous cycle of psychological factors leading to symptoms of GERD, and unresolved GERD contributing to further worsening of psychological illnesses. In our opinion, while treating patients for either of the two disorders, history of the other one needs to be excluded and if GERD and psychological illnesses are found to co-exist, the two must be treated simultaneously as the treatment of one maybe incomplete without treatment of the other.

The Embryology of the Telencephalic Fibre Systems in the Mouse

Development ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Bengt Källén
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ventricular Wall ◽  
Brain Nuclei ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Nuclear Development ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
High Migration

Bergquist, Källén, and collaborators, in a series of works summarized by Bergquist & Källén (1954) have studied the early ontogenesis of the central nervous system in vertebrates including, among other problems, the development of the brain nuclei. As is apparent from these papers, nuclear development starts from so-called ‘migration areas’, i.e. parts of the ventricular wall with a high migration tendency. From these areas cells migrate either in one or in a number of successive periods, giving rise to migration layers which lie one outside the other. These layers may later become subdivided and in this way form localized cell groups or nuclear anlagen. These studies have also shown that the formation of the nuclei takes place according to a pattern which is very much the same in different vertebrates. The position and the number of migration areas in different brain types is relatively constant.

scholarly journals THE RÔLE OF HYPERSENSITIVITY IN THE PRODUCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL MENINGITIS

1932 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar G. Burn ◽  
Knox H. Finley
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Pathological Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Subarachnoid Spaces ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Brain

1. When living or dead tubercle bacilli and their products are placed in direct contact with the leptomeninges of hypersensitive (tuberculous) animals, there is a definite clinical and pathological response. 2. The clinical response is characterized by an onset of weakness, twitchings, convulsions and death of the animal within 6 to 12 hours. 3. Histologically the central nervous system shows an extensive polymorphonuclear exudate distributed throughout the subarachnoid spaces of the brain and extending into the perivascular spaces. 4. The intensity of the response is directly proportional to the quantity of visceral tuberculosis or to the dose of tuberculin employed. 5. When small quantities of tuberculin are employed so as to permit the animal to survive longer than 24 hours, there is an exudate found in the sulci and at the base of the brain which is characterized by small lymphocytes. 6. The non-tuberculous animals when inoculated with tuberculin or tubercle bacilli revealed no clinical or pathological response. The tuberculous animals, on the other hand, when inoculated with glycerine broth always responded by a definite but slight polymorphonuclear exudate. 7. The possible relationship of the allergic state to postinfectious complications of the central nervous system is discussed.

Piccolo male in due gemelle monozigotiche. L'apporto dell'EEG allo studio dell'ereditarietà nell'epilessia

1955 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-357
Author(s):  
V. Pelliccioli ◽  
F. Garioni
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allo Studio ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

SUMMARYMonozigotic twin-girls 6 8/12 years old, one right-handed girl and the other left-handed, present petit mal seizures, appeared contemporaneusly when the twin-girls were 5 years old. The Eleccal tracing of petit mal with these troencephalogram shows a typicaracteristics: in the left hemisphere of the right-handed girl and in the right of the left-handed girl there is a preponderance of attivity.One sister of the twis-girls, 8 years old, has a tracing with epilectical activity spike-wawe 3 per second of high voltage; she never had clinical seizures.The mother's, 34 years old, present a tracing on activation, with teta activity 7 per second of low voltage.The tracing of the father, 33 years old, is negative.The tracing of the maternal-grand mother, 67 years old, present on activation, a light dysrithmia in the Pa O. right seat.The AA take from these dates some considerations about the question of the heredity in the Epilepsy and conclude on the base of their researches that they could favour the conception that existe in the epilepsy a functional miopragie of the brain, on hereditary base. These miopragies are, probably, connected with one functional differentiation deficiency of determined structures of the central-nervous-system.

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

RAS in the Central Nervous System: Potential Role in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
pp. 3333-3352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pessoa Rocha ◽  
Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva ◽  
Thiago Ruiz Rodrigues Prestes ◽  
Victor Feracin ◽  
Caroline Amaral Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Mas Receptor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Background: The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is a key regulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis, but also plays important roles in mediating physiological functions in the central nervous system (CNS). The effects of the RAS were classically described as mediated by angiotensin (Ang) II via angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors. However, another arm of the RAS formed by the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Ang-(1-7) and the Mas receptor has been a matter of investigation due to its important physiological roles, usually counterbalancing the classical effects exerted by Ang II. Objective: We aim to provide an overview of effects elicited by the RAS, especially Ang-(1-7), in the brain. We also aim to discuss the therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric disorders for the modulation of RAS. Method: We carried out an extensive literature search in PubMed central. Results: Within the brain, Ang-(1-7) contributes to the regulation of blood pressure by acting at regions that control cardiovascular functions. In contrast with Ang II, Ang-(1-7) improves baroreflex sensitivity and plays an inhibitory role in hypothalamic noradrenergic neurotransmission. Ang-(1-7) not only exerts effects related to blood pressure regulation, but also acts as a neuroprotective component of the RAS, for instance, by reducing cerebral infarct size, inflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Conclusion: Pre-clinical evidence supports a relevant role for ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including stress-related and mood disorders, cerebrovascular ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions and neurodegenerative diseases. However, very few data are available regarding the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in human CNS.

Ethanolamine: A Potential Promoiety with Additional Effects in the Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asfree Gwanyanya ◽  
Christie Nicole Godsmark ◽  
Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Bioactive Molecule ◽  
Positive Functions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: Ethanolamine is a bioactive molecule found in several cells, including those in the central nervous system (CNS). In the brain, ethanolamine and ethanolamine-related molecules have emerged as prodrug moieties that can promote drug movement across the blood-brain barrier. This improvement in the ability to target drugs to the brain may also mean that in the process ethanolamine concentrations in the brain are increased enough for ethanolamine to exert its own neurological ac-tions. Ethanolamine and its associated products have various positive functions ranging from cell signaling to molecular storage, and alterations in their levels have been linked to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. This mini-review focuses on the effects of ethanolamine in the CNS and highlights the possible implications of these effects for drug design.

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