scholarly journals On Some Forms of “Out-Group” Intolerance and “Unlimited” Tolerance in Linguoculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1 (19)) ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Narine Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
English Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Value System ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
National Community ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
As If

The subject of the research is ethnic intolerance as a form of relationship between “we” and “other”, manifested in various modifications of the hostility towards others. There are several main types of ethno-intolerant relations: ethnocentrism; xenophobia, migrant phobia, etc. The author’s definitions of such concepts as “intercultural whirlpool”, “ethnocentric craters” and “xenophobic craters”, “emotional turbulence of communication” are presented. The negative, discreditable signs of ethnicity of a particular national community are represented in the lexical units of English in such a way as if the “other” ethnic group has the shortcomings that are not in the “we” group. The problem of “unlimited” tolerance is considered when “strangers” – immigrants, seek to impose “their own” religious and cultural traditions, worldview and psychological dominant on local people. The article deals with the problems of intolerance and “unlimited” tolerance not only as complex socio-psychological, but also as linguocultural phenomena that are actualized in the linguistic consciousness of the ethnic group (English-speaking groups, in particular). The article also deals with the problem of “aggressive” expansion of the English language, which destroys the nation’s value system, distorts its language habits and perception of the surrounding reality, and creates discriminatory dominance of a certain linguoculture.

MUNDANE MIRACLES IN AWADH. ENCOUNTERS WITH THE REVEALED AND THE HIDDEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maxim B. Demchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Other World ◽  
Better Than

The sphere of the unknown, supernatural and miraculous is one of the most popular subjects for everyday discussions in Ayodhya – the last of the provinces of the Mughal Empire, which entered the British Raj in 1859, and in the distant past – the space of many legendary and mythological events. Mostly they concern encounters with inhabitants of the “other world” – spirits, ghosts, jinns as well as miraculous healings following magic rituals or meetings with the so-called saints of different religions (Hindu sadhus, Sufi dervishes),with incomprehensible and frightening natural phenomena. According to the author’s observations ideas of the unknown in Avadh are codified and structured in Avadh better than in other parts of India. Local people can clearly define if they witness a bhut or a jinn and whether the disease is caused by some witchcraft or other reasons. Perhaps that is due to the presence in the holy town of a persistent tradition of katha, the public presentation of plots from the Ramayana epic in both the narrative and poetic as well as performative forms. But are the events and phenomena in question a miracle for the Avadhvasis, residents of Ayodhya and its environs, or are they so commonplace that they do not surprise or fascinate? That exactly is the subject of the essay, written on the basis of materials collected by the author in Ayodhya during the period of 2010 – 2019. The author would like to express his appreciation to Mr. Alok Sharma (Faizabad) for his advice and cooperation.

Gerry Knowles, A cultural history of the English language. London: Arnold, 1997. Pp. x, 180. Hb $59.95, pb $20.00.

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
Richard W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
English Language ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Linguistic Form ◽  
Language And Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
As If

In his preface, Knowles makes clear what his book is not. It is not a history of literary English, and it is not an account of changes in linguistic form; it is a “cultural history.” In the introductory chapter, he declares: “In view of the close connection between language and power, it is impossible to treat the history of the language without reference to politics” (9). Of course, books that purport to be histories of English have often “treated” the subject without apparent politics. Knowles is right in alleging that the politics of such books has often been implicit, since most of them provide information about the ascent of one variety of the language to the elevated status of a standard – as if that were an inevitable and desirable result of the spirit of goodness working itself out through speech.

scholarly journals Ethnocultural stereotypes of the Steppe Crimean Tatars and Dobruja Tatars based on proverbs of the turn of XIX and XX centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Timur Bekirovich Useinov
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Crimean Tatar

This article conduct an analysis of ethnocultural stereotypes of the Steppe Crimean Tatars and Dobruja (Romanian) Tatars based on proverbs of the turn of XIX and XX centuries. The subject of this research became the Kipchak Crimean Tatar paremiological fund of that period. The goal consists in an accurate, tolerant elucidation of the topic. Initially, the stereotypes are divided into auto-stereotypes, which is an outlook upon the own ethnic group; and hetero-stereotypes, which is the representations on a neighboring ethnos. The first ones, being an inseparable part of national identity, are prone to exaggeration of merits of their ethnos and carry a complementary character. This fact impedes a realistic assessment of the merits of neighboring ethnos, which is compared to the own in accordance with cultural values. The determined differences serve as a foundation for hetero-stereotypes, which usually belittle the positive sides of the other national portrait. The scientific novelty consists in examination of ethnocultural stereotypes based on proverbs of the turn of XIX and XX centuries. Which contributed to fuller understanding of the mentality of Crimean Tatars and Dobruja (Romanian) Tatars being a diaspora of Crimean Tatar ethnos. Paremiological material allowed dividing the stereotypes into auto-stereotypes and hetero-stereotypes. The research results offered an opportunity to determine and explore the ethnic composition of Crimean Peninsula of the turn of XIX and XX centuries.

All Talked Out

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Trout
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Positive View ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Philosophical Doctrine

Few topics animate, even polarize, philosophers, more than Naturalism, a doctrine which states that philosophy is continuous with, and perhaps even replaceable by, sciences worthy of the name. On one side, fans of technical progress believe that the sciences can indeed replace philosophy with something that allows us to reason and explain better. On the other, advocates of the humanities herald the insights and methods of disciplines seemingly beyond the reach of science. But these disputes are often more about turf than truth. All Talked Out exemplifies the power of science in a philosopher’s hands and takes a welcome look at the resulting fate of philosophy. Based on Trout’s Phi Beta Kappa Romanell Lectures, each chapter presents a novel and positive view of intellectual advances while addressing traditional topics in philosophy, and each chapter explains why these achievements occurred despite the archaic and often retrograde influence of philosophical doctrine and method. While foundational reflection remains as necessary as ever, philosophy, as it is conceived of in the halls of academia, no longer adds anything distinctively useful. At its best, philosophy is a place to grow new ideas. But many other disciplines can and do provide that incubation. In the end, we don’t have to kill philosophy; but we do have to figure out what it’s good for. Following a spirited Introduction, the first lecture takes stock of the growing field of evidence-based approaches to reasoning and, in light of these scientific developments, criticizes important failures in epistemology as it is currently practiced in the English-speaking world. The second lecture examines the psychological impulse to explain, the resulting sense of understanding, and the natural limits on cognitively appreciating the subject we have explained. The final lecture, on social policy, presents the proper reaction to the idea that scientific evidence matters to responsible governance.

Fetishism in International Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-146
Author(s):  
Ilan Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Site ◽  
As If

This chapter discusses fetishism. As a substitute for fundamental trauma, the fetish is a site of disavowal, allowing the subject to better master their world by ridding it of difference. Additionally, by behaving single-mindedly toward the fetish object as if it possesses a sublime quality, the fetishist forecloses other possible worthy objects or sociopolitical goals. Mastery, disavowal, and foreclosure thus become the hallmarks of fetishism. The chapter applies these psychoanalytic insights to international development — particularly its dominant modernization variant — by focusing on two of the latter's top fetishes: growth and technology. It examines how to each fetish is ascribed extraordinary powers, with several important socioenvironmental implications: the domination of the Other; the disavowal of social inequalities and environmental degradation; and the foreclosure of politics.

Frequency of Biblcal and Koranic Expressions Related to the Love Concept in the Modern English Language Internet

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
T. Poletaeva
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
English Language ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Western World ◽  
A Value ◽  
Culture Influence ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the research is a comparative analysis of the frequency of biblical and Quranic expressions related to the LOVE concept in the modern English-language Internet. The aim of the investigation firstly is to find out to what extent the religious foundations of culture influence on such a value dominant as the concept of LOVE, secondly, to find out the influence of secularization of the English-speaking society and spreading of Islam in the Western world on the conceptual dimension of the LOVE concept. As a research method it is used a search of biblical and Quranic expressions associated with the LOVE concept in the modern English-language Internet in the form of quotations from the Holy Scriptures and the Quran. An application area of the results of the investigation is situated at the turn of applied linguistics in the sphere of culture and comparative religious studies. The comparison of the indicated frequency and meanings of the LOVE concept in biblical and Quranic expressions allows to conclude that this concept in the linguistic picture of the world of our English speaking contemporaries remains Christian in its essence. Islam does not influence at all on the understanding of this life-setting value concept in the English-language picture of the world.

Controllability of Motor Imagery and Transformation of Visual Imagery

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiichi Naito
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
As If

This study examined the relation between control of motor imagery and generation and transformation of visual imagery by testing 54 subjects. We used two measures of the Controllability of Motor Imagery test to evaluate the ability to control motor imagery. One was a recognition test on which the subject imagines as if one sees another's movement, and the other was a regeneration test on which one imagines as if one moves one's own body. The former test score was related to processing time of a mental rotation task and the latter one was not but would reflect sport experience. It was concluded that two meanings of the test could reflect different aspects such as observational motor imagery and body-centered motor imagery.

scholarly journals XIII.—On certain Salts and Products of Decomposition of Comenic Acid

1853 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-245
Author(s):  
Henry How
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
General Formula ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comenic Acid ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Field Of Inquiry ◽  
As If

The study of the organic acids appears scarcely to have advanced of late years pari passu with the other branches of organic chemistry. It seems, indeed, as if the development of each of the different departments of the science had been, to a certain extent, periodical; each engrossing the labours of investigators to the temporary exclusion of the others, themselves to be renewed when some new experiments should reawaken an interest in them.However this may be, the subject of the natural and artificial bases has proved so productive of interesting results as to have recently become the chosen and almost exclusive field of inquiry, notwithstanding several investigations which have thrown much light on one class of organic acids, namely, that represented by the general formula Cn Hn O4. With the exception of this section, the history of the organic acids remains very imperfect, and in many cases we have but a meagre account of a few of their salts.

Recepcja Jane Austen w polskojęzycznym Internecie na przykładzie stron internetowych poświęconych pisarce

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2 (465)) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Ewa Szczepkowska
Keyword(s):  
Jane Austen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Film Adaptations ◽  
Fan Fiction ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Literary Tourism ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic

The subject of the article is the reception of Jane Austen in the sphere of e-culture – its fragment connected to websites and discussion forums concerning the writer. The phenomenon of “Austen mania” starts in Poland mainly because of the popularity of the movies based on Jane Austen prose. These sites and forums played not only a popularizing role, spreading the knowledge about the writers’ biography, work, film adaptations, or Regency, but they also grouped the society of fans who felt the need of being close to the other readers of Austen and some virtual companion in a feminine sphere created by numerous, common interpretation of the behaviour of the heroes of her prose, and also fans’ creativity in the area of gadgets, Regency costumes and literary tourism. The other form of activity is fan fiction, slightly represented on the forums and sites, especially in the comparison to fan fiction around the work of Austen in the English-speaking circle. They are most frequently the translations from The Republic of Pemberley, not prepared, unfinished, fragmentated, or personal attempts of a romance kind, in a style of Harlequin literature and a sentimental tone.

The Leninist Theory of Perception

Dialogue ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Goldstick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Present Article ◽  
English Language ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Philosophical Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Alternative Reading

In the standard English-language reference work, The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Paul Edwards (New York and London, 1967), we find the following blunt statement on the subject of “orthodox Marxism's” theory of knowledge:Its epistemology is naive representationism.The use of the word “naive” will alert the reader to the unsurprising fact that the reference here is a definitely unfriendly one. More interesting is the way in which this characterization, based on an interpretation of Lenin's Materialism and Empirio-Criticism, has become generally accepted in English-speaking philosophical circles over the past forty years. The purpose of the present article is to explain the representationalist interpretation, challenge it in favour of an alternative reading of Lenin's text, and make some substantive comments on issues arising from the philosophical debate between the representationalist and anti-representationalist positions outlined.

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