scholarly journals Electrical Characterization of TiO2 based OMEGA FinFET Compared with Conventional SiO2 Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 513-520
Author(s):  
K. Jonah Swabhijit ◽  
J. Mohana
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Drain Current ◽  
Oxide Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group

Aim: The aim of the study is to perform the electrical characterization of Innovative TiO2 based Omega FinFET and compare it with SiO2 material by varying the oxide thickness ranging from 1nm to 20nm using nanotechnology. Materials and Methods: DFT tool is used to perform the above characterisation. The method was performed for 20 samples per group, TiO2(n=20) and SiO2(n=20). Same samples were used for both the control group and experimental group. Different values of drain current were obtained by varying the thickness for both TiO2 and SiO2. Result: Drain current was obtained for TiO2 (0.645μA) and found better compared with SiO2 (0.58μA). Conclusion: It is concluded that the TiO2 Omega FinFET appears to be better compared to SiO2 based omega FinFET.

scholarly journals Electrical characterization of si nanowire GAA-TFET based on dimensions downscaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Firas Natheer Abdul-Kadir ◽  
Yasir Hashim ◽  
Muhammad Nazmus Shakib ◽  
Faris Hassan Taha
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Drain Current ◽  
Oxide Thickness ◽  
Si Nanowire ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Current Characteristics

This research paper explains the effect of the dimensions of Gate-all-around Si nanowire tunneling field effect transistor (GAA Si-NW TFET) on ON/OFF current ratio, drain induces barrier lowering (DIBL), sub-threshold swing (SS), and threshold voltage (VT). These parameters are critical factors of the characteristics of tunnel field effect transistors. The Silvaco TCAD has been used to study the electrical characteristics of Si-NW TFET. Output (gate voltage-drain current) characteristics with channel dimensions were simulated. Results show that 50nm long nanowires with 9nm-18nm diameter and 3nm oxide thickness tend to have the best nanowire tunnel field effect transistor (Si-NW TFET) characteristics.

scholarly journals Laryngeal and Vocal Characterization of Asymptomatic Adults With Sulcus Vocalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. e331-e337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bruno Soares ◽  
Bruno Teixeira de Moares ◽  
Ana Nery Barbosa de Araújo ◽  
Noemi Grigoletto de Biase ◽  
Jonia Alves Lucena
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Acoustic Evaluation ◽  
Sulcus Vocalis ◽  
Vocal Quality ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction Sulcus vocalis is defined as a longitudinal depression on the vocal cord, parallel to its free border. Its most marked characteristic is breathlessness, caused by incomplete glottal closure, in addition to roughness, due to the decrease in mucosal wave amplitude of the vocal cords. Vocal acoustic aspects, such as fundamental voice frequency, jitter, and shimmer, may also be altered in individuals with this type of laryngeal disorder. To assess the voice of individuals with sulcus vocalis, studies generally include a sample of subjects with vocal symptoms, excluding asymptomatic persons. To better characterize the vocal characteristics of individuals with sulcus vocalis, their asymptomatic counterparts must also be included. Objective Characterize the larynx and voice of asymptomatic adults with sulcus vocalis. Method A total of 26 adults, 13 with sulcus vocalis (experimental group) and 13 without (control group) were assessed. All the participants were submitted to suspension microlaryngoscopy, voice self-assessment, auditory perception and acoustic evaluation of the voice. Results Among the individuals with sulcus vocalis, 78% of the sulci were type I and 22% type II. Auditory perception assessment obtained statistically significant lower scores in individuals with sulcus vocalis compared with the control group, and a slight difference in the overall degree of hoarseness and roughness. No statistically significant intergroup diferences were found in self-reported voice or acoustic assessment. Conclusion Type I was the predominant sulcus vocalis observed in individuals without voice complaints, who may also exhibit slight changes in vocal quality and roughness.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel Model of Overuse-Induced Calcific Achilles Tendinopathy in Mice: Contralateral Tendinopathy Following Unilateral Tenotomy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Gang-hui Yin ◽  
Zhong-min Zhang ◽  
Tian-yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Achilles Tendinopathy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Achilles Tenotomy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a simple but reproducible overuse induced animal model of Achilles tendinopathy in mice for better understanding the underlying mechanism and prevention of calcific Achilles tendinopathy.Methods80 C57/B6 mice (8-9 weeks old) were employed and randomly divided into control group and experimental group. Unilateral Achilles tenotomy was performed on the right hindlimb of experiment group. After 12 weeks, the onset of Achilles tedinopathy in the contralateral Achilles tendon was determined by radiological assessment, histological analysis, electron microscopy observation and biomechanical test.ResultsThe onset of calcific Achilles tendinopathy in contralateral Achilles tendon was confirmed after 12 weeks unilateral tenotomy. The contralateral Achilles tendon of experimental group was characterized as hypercelluarity, neovascularization and fused collagen fiber disarrangement, compared to the control group. Importantly, intratendon endochondral ossification and calcaneus deformity was featured in contralateral Achilles tendon. Additionally, poor biomechanical properties in the contralateral Achilles tendon revealed the incidence of Achilles tedinopathy.ConclusionWe hereby introduce a novel simple but reproducible spontaneous contralateral calcific Achilles tendinopathy model in mice, which represents the overuse conditions during the tendinopathy development in human-beings. It should be a useful tool to further study the underlying pathogenesis of calcific Achilles tendinopathy.

Electrical Characterization of 3C-SiC Lateral MOSFETs Fabricated on Heteroepitaxial Films Including High Density of Defects

2015 ◽  
Vol 821-823 ◽  
pp. 733-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukimune Watanabe ◽  
Noriyasu Kawana ◽  
Tsuyoshi Horikawa ◽  
Kiichi Kamimura
Keyword(s):  
Gate Voltage ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Charge Trapping ◽  
Drain Current ◽  
High Density ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Voltage Curve ◽  
Emission Light

We have fabricated lateral MOSFETs on heteroepitaxial 3C-SiC films included high density of defects. Electrical characteristics of 3C-SiC MOSFETs and their temperature dependence were measured to discuss effects of defects on the electrical characteristics. A field effect mobility of 156 cm2/Vs was obtained at room temperature. After applying a drain voltage of 10 V or higher, the drain current - gate voltage curve shifted toward the positive gate voltage. This shift was caused mainly by the charge trapping in the gate oxide. The light emission was observed on the surface of the active MOSFET. The spatial distribution of the emission light from MOSFETs indicated that the charge was generated at the source edge of the gate channel.

scholarly journals Characterization of pseudarthrosis with ultrasound backscattered signals in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Luiz Ferreira ◽  
Daniel Patterson Matusin ◽  
Christiano Bittencourt Machado ◽  
Paulo César Silva ◽  
Natalia Bernades Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrasound Backscatter ◽  
Group A ◽  
Backscattered Signals ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Made In

PURPOSE: To propose a novel model of pseudarthrosis in a small animal and to investigate the ability of backscatter parameters from ultrasound signals in differentiating normal bone from those ones with pseudarthorsis. METHODS: Twelve Rattus norvegicus albinus free from pathogenic species (SPF) were randomly divided in two groups, with six animals each. In the Control group a surgical approach to the femur was made, followed by the synthesis of the muscle and skin layers. The Experimental group was submitted to an osteotomy of the femur and a vascularized flap of the fascia lata was interposed in the line of the fractured bone. Then the alignment and bone stabilization were accomplished, by using nylon stitch in U shape introduced in holes made in the proximal and distal fractured bone. Bone samples were scanned with ultrasound and signals were collected for each one to analyze the parameter Apparent Integrated Backscatter - AIB. RESULTS: Radiological and anatomopathologic studies revealed the absence of bone consolidation with persistence of fiber-osteoid tissue. Values of the ultrasound parameter AIB from normal bones were statistically different from those with pseudarthrosis. CONCLUSION: The experimental model was suitable for pseudarthrosis development in rats and the ultrasound backscatter parameters were able to identify such a bone disease in vitro.

Ultra-Thin Zirconium Silicate Filmsc With Good Physical And Electrical Properties For Gate Dielectric Applications

2000 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Easwar Dharmarajan ◽  
Wen-Jie Qi ◽  
Renee Nieh ◽  
Laegu Kang ◽  
Katsunori Onishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gate Dielectric ◽  
Gate Dielectrics ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Oxide Thickness ◽  
Equivalent Oxide Thickness ◽  
Interface Quality ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Cmos Scaling ◽  
Zirconium Silicate

AbstractThe need for alternative gate dielectrics to replace conventional SiO2 is increasing to facilitate further CMOS scaling. One of the most promising materials for use as an alternative gate dielectric is Zr silicate due to its thermodynamic stability on Si and its good interface quality with Si. In this study, ultra-thin Zr silicate films (45 – 60 Å thick) with different Zr compositions have been deposited on Si using magnetron reactive co-sputtering. The Zr composition was kept below the stoichiometric value of about 16% to prevent precipitation of ZrO2and to have Si rich films for better interface quality. Films were rapid thermal annealed in N2 ambient up to 9000C and Pt was used as the gate electrode. Electrical characterization of these films was done using HP 4156 and HP 4194 parameter analyzers. Based on these studies, we demonstrate Zr silicate films with equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of less than 14 Å with gate leakage significantly lower thanSiO2 of similar thickness and hysteresis of < 20mV ( in a sweep from –3 to 3 V). The films exhibit good thermal stability on Si even after 900 0C annealing as shown by a minimal increase in EOT with annealing. TEM and XPS analyses show high quality Zr silicate films that remain stable and amorphous even at 900 0C.

scholarly journals ІМУНОГІСТОХІМІЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СУБПОПУЛЯЦІЙ ЛІМФОЦИТІВ У СЕЛЕЗІНЦІ КУРЕЙ ПРИ ВАКЦИНАЦІЇ ЇХ ПРОТИ ІНФЕКЦІЙНОГО БРОНХІТУ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Guralska
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Helper Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Number Of Cells

In the work the immunohistochemical characterization of subpopulations of СD4+, СD8+, CD45RA+ lymphocytes in the spleen of chickens vaccinated against infectious bronchitis clarified. Immunohistochemical studies have shown that changes in the clusters of immune cells after immunization was certain features in the spleen. Our studies showed that vaccination against infectious bronchitis of chickens in the first, 13 and 33, 83 and 103 day influenced on the change in the percentage of cells in the cluster of СD4+ (helper cells). So, after the introduction of the vaccine on the 8 th day, there was a tendency to increase to 9.23 ± 0,39% against 6,91 ± 0.26% in the control group. But at 20 days there was a significant increase in the number of helpers (of 10.07 ± 0,44% (p < 0.01) against 8.51 ± 0.31% in the control. Early supresion manifestations were recorded on 8th day. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of СD8+ in the experimental group, where the number of cells with the marker were higher than in control more than in two times. So, when studying subpopulations of lymphocyte marker СD8+ installed content control for 9.88 ± 0.38% in Chicks which received the vaccine in this period, the number of СD8+ amounted to 24.99 ± 0,46% (p < 0.001). On the 8th day there was a significant increase in the number of CD45RA+ to 14.22 ± 0.18% (p < 0.001), in control group this indicator amounted to 9.95 ± 0.38% Maximum increase observed on the 40th day, when the CD45RA+ in the group immunized chickens amounted to 14.74 ± 0.29% (p < 0.05). 

scholarly journals Comparison of Electrical Characterization of AlGaN/GaN HEMT with Multi-finger Gate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijun He ◽  
Boyang Zhao ◽  
Chengyun He ◽  
Zhiyang Xie ◽  
Xing Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Drain Current ◽  
Gate Length ◽  
Saturation Current ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Gan Hemt ◽  
Accurate Comparison ◽  
Output Characteristics

Abstract This paper presents an exhaustive TCAD based comparison of the multi-gate and T-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT. This paper simulates the DC and RF characteristics of the device and makes an accurate comparison. The important feature of the device such as threshold voltage, drain current output characteristics, transconductance, cut-off frequency, and maximum oscillation frequency were obtained. It is concluded that the shape optimization of the HEMT with multi-finger gates and the advantages over traditional T-gate devices. The device of two-finger gate with 50nm spacing has the best output characteristics, and its maximum saturation current is about 110% the size of the device of four-finger gate with 200nm at VGS=0V. And the gm and the gain of the device with 50nm spacing two-finger gate is 76mS/mm larger than the HEMT of three-finger gate with 200nm. In addition, we also conducted a simulation in the case of changing only refers to finger-gate length and cap-gate length. And it is concluded that the two-finger gate HEMT with 250nm finger-gate length and 2.0µm cap-gate length has the best output characteristics, which output current is 0.159 A/µm at VGS=-1.5V. The results show that AlGaN/GaN HEMT with multi-finger gate have great potential for high power and high frequency applications electronic devices.

Morphometric analysis of peroxisomes in hepatocytes of alcohol-fed rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1100-1101
Author(s):  
D.C. Dominguez ◽  
J.T. Ellzey
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Paired Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Liver Peroxisomes ◽  
Single Lesion

Peroxisomes which participate in 1ipid metabolism have been shown to be altered in several metabolic disorders and toxic conditions. In alcoholic liver disease, the single lesion most frequently found is lipid accumu1ation in hepatocytes. However, the mechanisms for this 1ipid accumu1ation are not clear. The occurrence of modifications of liver peroxisomes due to excess alcohol consumption has not been subjected to a controlled study. We utilized a combination of cytochemica1 and morphometrictechniques to study the size and number of liver peroxisomes in rats fed an alcohol-supplemented diet compared to those of matched-paired control animals.Male Sprague-Daw1ey rats (400-500 g) received a liquid diet. The experimental group (N = 5/group) was fed a diet containing 30% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) and the control group was fed an isocaloric diet to 30% EDC. A pair feeding procedure was employed to control for caloric intake. Small pieces of liver randomly selected, were fixed in 2.3% -glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, incubated in a DAB medium and postfixed with. 2% aqueous osmium tetroxide. EM photographs were taken from sections of 3 tissue blocks from each sample (7,200X) with a Zeiss EM10-A (60 kV). With the use of a point counting method and a digital planimeter the volume density (Vv) and numerical density (Nv) were determined.

Values and intergroup perceptions of East Germans and West Germans in 1998 1This research was supported by a grant from the German Research Society (We 1106/3-1).

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Jörg Doll ◽  
Michael Dick
Keyword(s):  
Research Society ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The West ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
German Research ◽  
East German ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
East West

The studies reported here focus on similarities and dissimilarities between the terminal value hierarchies ( Rokeach, 1973 ) ascribed to different groups ( Schwartz & Struch, 1990 ). In Study 1, n = 65 East Germans and n = 110 West Germans mutually assess the respective ingroup and outgroup. In this intra-German comparison the West Germans, with a mean intraindividual correlation of rho = 0.609, perceive a significantly greater East-West similarity between the group-related value hierarchies than the East Germans, with a mean rho = 0.400. Study 2 gives East German subjects either a Swiss (n = 58) or Polish (n = 59) frame of reference in the comparison between the categories German and East German. Whereas the Swiss frame of reference should arouse a need for uniqueness, the Polish frame of reference should arouse a need for similarity. In accordance with expectations, the Swiss frame of reference significantly reduces the correlative similarity between German and East German from a mean rho = 0.703 in a control group (n = 59) to a mean rho = 0.518 in the experimental group. Contrary to expectations, the Polish frame of reference does not lead to an increase in perceived similarity (mean rho = 0.712).

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