scholarly journals Influence of Weather and Growth Parameters on Yield of Pigeon pea in an Alfisol of Karnataka

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Shivaramu ◽  
◽  
M. B. Rajegowda ◽  
D.V. Soumya ◽  
L.N. Lakshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Weather Parameters

In field trials for six years, the influence of weather parameters on pigeon pea was studied in the Alfisols of Bengaluru, Karnataka. Pooled analysis revealed that for delay in sowing by each day, the normal sowing month from June resulted in decreased yield of pigeon pea by 11.13 kg ha-1, thus indicating the importance of early and timely sowing to get the advantage of higher rainfall, rainy days (RD), length of growing period (LGP in days), growing degree days (GDD) and leaf area duration (LAD in days). Among the above RD, LGP, GDD, LAD were found to have influenced the yield of pigeon pea in Alfisols significantly. For achieving maximum yield, the optimum values of the above parameters obtained from the fitted quadratic curves, were 90 RD, 2600 GDD and 300 LAD during the cropping period. Among the 10 multiple linear regression (MLR) models established, model V was found to be the most reliable in judging the yield potential of pigeon pea.

scholarly journals Assessment of Weather Parameters for Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Alfisols of Karnataka - a Regression Approach

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Shivaramu ◽  
◽  
P. Vijaya Kumar ◽  
M.B. Rajegowda ◽  
V.U.M. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Weather Parameters

In field trials of six years (2009-14) the influence of weather parameters on groundnut (The varieties: TMV-2, JL-24, K-134 and C-2) under varied sowing environments (July as normal sowing and August as late sowing months) was studied at Bengaluru, Karnataka in alfisols. Rainy days (RD), bright sun shine hours (BSS), total pan evaporation (EVP. in mm), growing degree days (GDD) and rainfall, the cumulative of all measured during crop period were found to influence significantly the growth and yield of ground nut in alfisols across the genotypes. Whereas, potential evapo-transpiration (PET) and length of growing period (LGP) during the cropping period did not show such significant influence. For achieving maximum yield, the optimum value of annual rainfall from the fitted quadratic curves, was found to be 650 mm. BSS, pan evaporation and GDD during the cropping period showed negative correlation with pod yield. Among the 11 multiple linear regression models established, model III was found to be the most reliable in judging the yield potential of groundnut in alfisols of southern Karnataka (Pod yield in kg/ha = -3058.24**+ 6.55 (RD) -2.01 ** (SSH) + 3.98* (GDD) -6.25 (evaporation in mm) + 8.01** (PET) -21.98** (LGP) + 3.38 ** (LAD) with R2 value of 0.86**. Model IV and XI were effective in predicting the yield (R2 =0.86**& 0.60**, respectively), however of the second order.

scholarly journals Agronomic practices for red lentil in Alberta

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-840
Author(s):  
R. Bowness ◽  
M.A. Olson ◽  
D. Pauly ◽  
R.H. McKenzie ◽  
C. Hoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
N Management ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Lentil was seldom grown in Alberta prior to 2015 due to the lack of demonstrated ability to achieve adequate yields, even though it was potentially well adapted to most agricultural regions within the province. We conducted field trials at five locations for 4 yr to determine potential productivity and optimum seeding rate, N management, and imidazolinone herbicide formulation for two imidazolinone-resistant red lentil cultivars across a broad geographic region in Alberta. Over the 4 yr of this study (2012–2015), the average yield potential of lentil ranged from 3000 to 3700 kg ha−1 at five locations. Maximum yield was consistently obtained when plant density exceeded 90 plants m−2. Lentil yield was not influenced by rhizobia inoculation, N fertilizer rate, or their interaction. Application of imidazolinone-based herbicide did not impact yield or nodulation of the lentil cultivars used in this study. High productivity of two imidazolinone-resistant red lentil cultivars was attainable over a broad geographic region in Alberta.

scholarly journals Crop Establishment in Direct-Seeded Rice: Traits, Physiology, and Genetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-202
Author(s):  
Fergie Ann Quilloy ◽  
Benedick Labaco ◽  
Shalabh Dixit ◽  
Carlos Casal
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Current Scenario

AbstractThe changing climate and water availability strongly affect the current state of agricultural production. While the global temperature rises, the occurrence of extreme climatic conditions becomes erratic. This current scenario has driven the development of rice varieties and cultivation practices that require less water and favor mechanization. Although puddled transplanted rice has been more widely used in the past, direct seeding has been gaining popularity in recent years, especially due to its water- and labor-saving features. This technique allows full crop establishment from seeds that were directly sown in the field, thus avoiding puddling, transplanting, and maintaining standing water. Consequently, it offers promising positive environmental effects including decreasing the release of greenhouse gases and increasing water-use efficiency. Historically, rice varieties bred for transplanting are also used in direct seeding, which limits the maximum yield potential of field trials. The success of direct seeding relies strongly on the development of rice varieties with robust crop establishment. Anaerobic germination, seed longevity, and early seedling vigor are the key traits required to achieve this. This chapter expounds on the physiology, molecular mechanisms, genetics, and relevance of the enumerated traits for direct seeding. A brief discussion of breeding for rice varieties with improved germination under direct seeding is also provided.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of papaya under irrigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Terra de Almeida ◽  
Salassier Bernardo ◽  
Elias Fernandes de Sousa ◽  
Sérgio Lúcio David Marin ◽  
Sidney Grippa
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Water Depths

Thermal units or degree day systems can both be used to quantify relationships between plants and air temperature. The Northern Fluminense region holds no tradition for irrigated papaya (Carica papaya L.) cropping and, because of the need for irrigation, it is important knowing its growth and development characteristics under these conditions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between growth rate of papaya plants and degree days, and its effect on crop productivity, under different irrigation levels. An experiment was set up with the cultivar "Improved Sunrise Soil 72/12", in a randomized blocks design, with seven irrigation water depths and three repetitions; crop growth and yield parameters were evaluated. There were significant correlations between water depths and degree days. Polynomial models of 2nd and 3rd order appropriately fitted the relationships degree day versus plant height, stem diameter, crown diameter and number of emitted leaves, for each water depth. Growth parameters related to degree days and to the applied treatments are indicative of yield potential. The total water depth that promoted the greatest fruit yield was 2,937 mm.

scholarly journals Plant Characteristics and Growth Parameters of Vegetable Pigeon Pea Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ojwang J. David ◽  
Nyankanga O. Richard ◽  
Imungi Japheth ◽  
Olanya O. Modesto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Pod Length

Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) is an important crop in dry land and semiarid regions and is a supplementary source of dietary protein for the economic resource-constrained farmers. The aim of this research was to evaluate growth parameters of 12 vegetable pigeon pea cultivars at two locations in eastern Kenya. The number of days from planting to flowering, plant height, primary and secondary branches, and pod length and width were quantified in experimental plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences (P < 0.01) in days to 50% and 70% flowering (DTF) and plant maturity (DTM), respectively, were recorded among cultivars at both locations. The average plant height was significantly (P < 0.05) greater at Kiboko than at Kambi ya Mawe. The number of DTF and DTM were also greater at Kiboko than at Kambi ya Mawe site, because of supplemental irrigation. Similarly, mean pod length and width at Kiboko location exceeded that at Kambi ya Mawe by 6% and 8%, respectively. Positive and significant (P < 0.05) correlation coefficients between grain yield and pods per plant were observed, indicating that pod number is a useful indicator of yield potential of vegetable pigeon pea. The cultivars ICEAP 00068, ICEAP 00540, ICEAP 00554, ICEAP 00902, KAT 60/8, and MZ 2/9 were identified for high-yield potential under rain-fed conditions, whereas ICEAP 00902, ICEAP 00068, ICEAP 00557, ICEAP 00554, KAT 60.8, and MTHAWAJUNI showed the greatest potential when supplemental water applications were made. The cultivars KAT 60/8, ICEAP 00068, ICEAP 00554, and ICEAP 00902 were suitable for production under both rain-fed conditions and additional water applications. Yield potential of pigeon pea in the dry regions can be greatly enhanced by using cultivars with good plant growth characteristics and shoot density.

Comparative Effect of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea l.) Genotypes on Yield and N Fixation in Sudan and Northern Guinea Savannahs of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Pod Yield

Recognition of high yielding and nitrogen (N) fixing groundnut genotypes and desegregating them in the cereal-based cropping systems common in savannah regions will enhance food security and reduce the need for high N fertilizers hence, minimize the high cost and associated environmental consequences. Field trials were conducted during the 2015 growing season at the Research Farms of Bayero University Kano (BUK) and Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria to assess the yield potential and Biolog- ical N fixation in 15 groundnut genotypes (ICG 4729, ICGV-IS 07823, ICGV-IS 07893, ICGV-IS 07908, ICGV- SM 07539, ICGV- SM 07599, ICGV-IS 09926, ICGV-IS 09932, ICGV-IS 09992, ICGV-IS 09994, SAMNUT-21, SAMNUT-22, SAMNUT-25, KAMPALA and KWANKWAS). The groundnut genotypes and reference Maize crop (SAMMAZ 29) were planted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. N difference method was used to estimate the amount of N fixed. The parameters determined were the number of nodules, nod- ule dry weight, shoot and root dry weights, pod, and haulm yield as well as N fixation. The nodule dry weight, BNF, haulm, and pod yield were statistically significant (P<0.01) concerning genotype and location. Similarly, their interac- tion effect was also highly significant. ICGV-IS 09926 recorded the highest nod- ule dry weight of 2.07mg /plant across the locations while ICGV-IS 09932 had the highest BNF value of 140.27Kg/ha. Additionally, KAMPALA had the high- est haulm yield, while ICGV-IS 07893 had the highest pod yield across the loca- tions with a significant interaction effect. The result shows that ICGV-IS 07893 and ICGV-IS 09932, as well as ICGV-IS 09994 and SAMNUT – 22, were the best genotypes concerning BNF, haulm and pod yield in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savannahs of Nigeria respectively with the potential for a corresponding beneficial effect.

Evaluation of Finger Millet Varieties under Rainfed Condition of Eastern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Singh ◽  
VINOD KUMAR ◽  
SHAMBHU PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Use Efficiency

A field experiment was carried out during the kharif of 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the yield potential, economics and thermal utilization in eleven finger millet varieties under the rainfed condition of the sub-humid environment of South Bihar of Eastern India. Results revealed that the significantly higher grain yield (20.41 q ha-1), net returns (Rs 25301) and B: C ratio (1.51) was with the finger millet variety ‘GPU 67’ but was being at par to ‘GPU28’and ‘RAU-8’, and significantly superior over remaining varieties. The highest heat units (1535.1oC day), helio-thermal units (7519.7oC day hours), phenothermal index (19.4 oC days day-1) were recorded with variety ‘GPU 67’ followed by ‘RAU 8’ and ‘GPU 28’ and lowest in ‘VL 149’ at 50 % anthesis stage. Similarly, the highest growing degree days (2100 oC day), helio-thermal units (11035.8 oC day hours) were noted with ‘GPU 67’ followed by ‘RAU 8’ and ‘GPU 28’ at maturity. The highest heat use efficiency (0.97 kg ha-1 oC day) and helio-thermal use efficiency (0.19 kg ha-1 oC day hour) were in ‘GPU 67’ followed by ‘VL 315’.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Exogenous Proline on Photosynthetic Attributes, Nutrients Uptake, and Oxidative Stresses under Cadmium in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Khizar Hayat ◽  
Jafar Khan ◽  
Asif Khan ◽  
Shakir Ullah ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Exogenous Proline ◽  
Photosynthetic Attributes

Proline plays a significant role in the plant response to stress conditions. However, its role in alleviating metal-induced stresses remains elusive. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the ameliorative role of exogenous proline on cadmium-induced inhibitory effects in pigeon pea subjected to different Cd treatments (4 and 8 mg/mL). Cadmium treatments reduced photosynthetic attributes, decreased chlorophyll contents, disturbed nutrient uptake, and affected growth traits. The elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), in association with relatively high contents of hydrogen peroxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, electrolyte leakage, and endogenous proline, was measured. Exogenous proline application (3 and 6 mM) alleviated cadmium-induced oxidative damage. Exogenous proline increased antioxidant enzyme activities and improved photosynthetic attributes, nutrient uptake (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+), and growth parameters in cadmium-stressed pigeon pea plants. Our results reveal that proline supplementation can comprehensively alleviate the harmful effects of cadmium on pigeon pea plants.

scholarly journals Fungicide strategies and resistance of Ramularia collo-cygni to demethylation and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors in Austrian winter barley (Hordeum vulgare)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Assinger ◽  
Stefano F. F. Torriani ◽  
Salvatore Accardo ◽  
James Fountaine ◽  
Siegrid Steinkellner
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Ramularia Leaf Spot ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors

AbstractRamularia collo-cygni B. Sutton and J.M. Waller is a major disease in Austrian barley-growing regions. To date, fungicide application is the most effective method to manage the disease; however, fungicide resistance to demethylation and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors has developed over the last few years. In the growing seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, field trials were carried out to analyze the efficiency of fungicide strategies based on different fungicide classes. Disease development, growth parameters and monitoring of CYP51 and sdh mutations were determined. Fungicide treatments resulted in higher disease control, green leaf area and grain yield. In Austrian R. collo-cygni field populations, the frequency of the mutations CYP51-I325T and CYP51-I328L was low to moderate. Frequency of mutations sdhC-H146R and sdhC-H153R was low. Frequencies of CYP51-I325T and -I328L were similar and increased following DMI application. Frequency of sdhC-H146R was higher compared to sdhC-H153R. The SDHI benzovindiflupyr showed a higher selection rate for sdh mutations compared to bixafen. These sdh mutations were not selected if chlorothalonil was used as mixing partner, leading to a stable composition of sdh resistance alleles over the last two years. Chlorothalonil was proven to be an effective tool for anti-resistance strategies. Currently, SDHIs and DMIs are the backbone of Ramularia leaf spot control in Austria; however, the level of resistance is likely to increase in absence of suitable anti-resistance strategies and following the ban of chlorothalonil.

Spikelet abortion in six-rowed barley is mainly influenced by final spikelet number with potential spikelet number acting as a suppressor trait

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roop Kamal ◽  
Quddoos H Muqaddasi ◽  
Yusheng Zhao ◽  
Thorsten Schnurbusch
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Pass Through

Abstract The potential to increase barley grain yield lies in the indeterminate nature of its inflorescence meristem (IM). The IM produces spikelets, the basic reproductive unit in grasses, which are linked to reproductive success. During early reproductive growth, barley spikes pass through the maximum yield potential—a stage after which no new spikelet ridges are produced. Subsequently, spikelet abortion (SA), a phenomenon in which spikelets abort during spike growth, imposes a bottleneck on increasing the grain yield potential. Here, we studied the potential of main culm spikes by counting potential spikelet number (PSN), final spikelet number (FSN) and computed the corresponding SA (%) in a panel of 417 six-rowed spring barleys. Our phenotypic data analyses showed a significantly large within- and across-years genotypic variation with high broad-sense heritability estimates for all the investigated traits, including SA. Asian accessions displayed the lowest SA indicating the presence of favorable alleles that may be exploited in breeding programs. A significantly negative Pearson’s product-moment correlation was observed between FSN and SA. Our path analysis revealed that PSN and FSN explain 93% of the observed phenotypic variability for SA with PSN behaving as a suppressor trait magnifying the effect. Based on a large set of diverse barley accessions, our results provide a deeper phenotypic understanding of the quantitative genetic nature of SA, its association with traits of high agronomic importance, and a resource for further genetic analyses.

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