scholarly journals Crop Establishment in Direct-Seeded Rice: Traits, Physiology, and Genetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-202
Author(s):  
Fergie Ann Quilloy ◽  
Benedick Labaco ◽  
Shalabh Dixit ◽  
Carlos Casal
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Current Scenario

AbstractThe changing climate and water availability strongly affect the current state of agricultural production. While the global temperature rises, the occurrence of extreme climatic conditions becomes erratic. This current scenario has driven the development of rice varieties and cultivation practices that require less water and favor mechanization. Although puddled transplanted rice has been more widely used in the past, direct seeding has been gaining popularity in recent years, especially due to its water- and labor-saving features. This technique allows full crop establishment from seeds that were directly sown in the field, thus avoiding puddling, transplanting, and maintaining standing water. Consequently, it offers promising positive environmental effects including decreasing the release of greenhouse gases and increasing water-use efficiency. Historically, rice varieties bred for transplanting are also used in direct seeding, which limits the maximum yield potential of field trials. The success of direct seeding relies strongly on the development of rice varieties with robust crop establishment. Anaerobic germination, seed longevity, and early seedling vigor are the key traits required to achieve this. This chapter expounds on the physiology, molecular mechanisms, genetics, and relevance of the enumerated traits for direct seeding. A brief discussion of breeding for rice varieties with improved germination under direct seeding is also provided.

scholarly journals Agronomic practices for red lentil in Alberta

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-840
Author(s):  
R. Bowness ◽  
M.A. Olson ◽  
D. Pauly ◽  
R.H. McKenzie ◽  
C. Hoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
N Management ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Lentil was seldom grown in Alberta prior to 2015 due to the lack of demonstrated ability to achieve adequate yields, even though it was potentially well adapted to most agricultural regions within the province. We conducted field trials at five locations for 4 yr to determine potential productivity and optimum seeding rate, N management, and imidazolinone herbicide formulation for two imidazolinone-resistant red lentil cultivars across a broad geographic region in Alberta. Over the 4 yr of this study (2012–2015), the average yield potential of lentil ranged from 3000 to 3700 kg ha−1 at five locations. Maximum yield was consistently obtained when plant density exceeded 90 plants m−2. Lentil yield was not influenced by rhizobia inoculation, N fertilizer rate, or their interaction. Application of imidazolinone-based herbicide did not impact yield or nodulation of the lentil cultivars used in this study. High productivity of two imidazolinone-resistant red lentil cultivars was attainable over a broad geographic region in Alberta.

scholarly journals Response of Yellow Lupine to the Proximity of Other Plants and Unplanted Path in Strip Intercropping

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lech Gałęzewski ◽  
Iwona Jaskulska ◽  
Edward Wilczewski ◽  
Anna Wenda-Piesik
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
The Third ◽  
Yellow Lupine ◽  
Production Effects ◽  
Strip Intercropping

Taking into account the climatic conditions of central Europe, yellow lupine is often considered as an alternative to soybean, which has significantly higher thermal requirements. Attempts to intercrop yellow lupine with cereals have often resulted in failure. In combined production, the relative amount of lupine has proven to be considerably smaller given the sowing mix proportions and its yield potential in pure stand. Low yield is attributed to lupine’s low competitive potential, therefore strip intercropping presents a viable alternative. The main goal of the experiment was to determine the response of yellow lupine to the neighboring presence of wheat, triticale, barley, and pea, as well as to estimate the production effects of lupine in strip intercropping. Field trials were carried out in Poland (53°13′ N; 17°51′ E) in the years 2008–2010. The experimental factor consisted of row layout: a four-row separation between lupine and the neighboring species. The proximity of cereals and peas proved to be most unfavorable to yellow lupine. It was determined that yellow lupine was most intolerant of barley and least affected by the proximity of peas. Depending on the neighboring species, adverse effects extended up to the third row of lupine’s canopy. A beneficial alternative for the production effect involves an introduction of a path separating the lupine strip from the tested species.

scholarly journals Water management effects on irrigation cutback and yield performance of dry direct seeded boro rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Md Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Md Mehedi Masood ◽  
Md Abdur Rahman Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Direct Seeded

Dry direct seeding is an alternative rice production method that reduces 50-60% irrigation water required compared to the conventional method. The present study was undertaken with a view to optimize irrigation requirement for dry direct seeded rice. The experiment involved seven water management levels and two rice varieties in a split-plot design allocating water management levels in main plot and rice variety in sub-plot. The treatments were replicated thrice. The water management levels are (i) puddled transplanted rice with full irrigation (PTR-CI), (ii) puddled transplanted rice with alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation (PTR-AWD), (iii) dry direct seeded rice with no standing water at all, (iv) dry direct seeding with AWD irrigation (DDSR-AWD), (v) dry direct seeded rice with 3-5 cm standing water from panicle initiation to heading, (vi) dry direct seeded rice with 3-5 cm standing water from panicle initiation to grain filling, (vii) dry direct seeded rice with 3-5 cm standing water from heading to grain filling. Two rice varieties included in the experiments are BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29. The frequency and amount of irrigation for different plots were recorded. Data on different crop characters, yield and related attributes were collected and were subjected to statistical analysis using a computer package program MSTAT-C. The results reveal that rice gave the highest grain yield in dry direct seeding system where the standing water was maintained from panicle initiation stage to flowering (T5) or grain filling stage (T6) at reproductive phase. The T5 treatment required 7-9 irrigations whereas T6 required 9-12 irrigations. The treatment T5 required 50% less irrigation water than PTR-CI method. Thus, it may be concluded that dry direct seeded rice should be practiced for rice and standing water should be maintained from panicle initiation to heading for obtaining higher grain yield with least irrigation input. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5 (1), 6-14

scholarly journals When water runs dry and temperature heats up: Understanding the mechanisms in rice tolerance to drought and high temperature stress conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel Rabara ◽  
Joseph Msanne ◽  
Marilyn Ferrer ◽  
Supratim Basu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Systems Biology ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties

Rice production, owing to its high-water requirement for cultivation, is very vulnerable to the threat of changing climate, particularly prolonged drought and high temperature. Such threats heighten the need for abiotic stress-resilient rice varieties with better yield potential. This review examines the physiological and molecular mechanisms of rice varieties to cope with stress conditions of drought (DS), high temperature (HTS) and their combination (DS-HTS). It appraises research studies in rice about its various phenotypic traits, genetic loci and response mechanisms to stress conditions to help craft new breeding strategies for rice varieties with improved resilience to abiotic stresses. This review consolidates available information on promising rice cultivars with desirable traits as well as advocates synergistic and complementary approaches in molecular and systems biology to develop new rice breeds that favorably respond to climate-induced abiotic stresses. The development of new breeding and cultivation strategies for climate-resilient rice varieties is a challenging task. It requires a comprehensive understanding of the various morphological, biochemical, physiological, and molecular components governing yield under drought and high temperature, but possible by implementing cohesive approaches involving molecular and systems biology approaches in genomics and molecular breeding, including genetic engineering.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of potato genotypes in the Brazilian Midwest

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Emiliano Pereira ◽  
Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽  
Agnaldo Donizete Ferreira de Carvalho ◽  
Giovani Olegário da Silva ◽  
Michelle Sousa Vilela
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Experimental Block

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the plant growth pattern under specific climatic conditions (growth curve) is the basis for exploiting the maximum yield potential of potato genotypes. This study aimed to establish the growth curve, as well as to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, yield and specific gravity of tubers of three potato cultivars and one elite clone, thus providing basic information on the productive characteristics of these genotypes in the Brazilian Midwest. A randomized experimental block design, with three replications, was used. The dry mass accumulated by the tubers varied from 6.28 (Agata) to 9.75 t ha-1 [F183-08-01 (F183)]; the total mass of tubers from 35.33 (BRSIPR Bel) to 58.60 t ha-1 (F183); the mass of marketable tubers from 23.46 (Asterix) to 48.24 t ha-1 (F183); and the leaf area index from 2.86 (Agata) to 10.60 (F183). F183 showed a good adaptation to the cultivation conditions of the Federal District, being strongly recommended for this region.

Suitability of elite genotypes for wet-direct seeding in rice-rice system in Vertisol

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Soumya Saha ◽  
Mangal Deep Tuti ◽  
R Mahender Kumar ◽  
Bandeppa ◽  
T Vidhan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Direct Seeded

This study was conducted to evaluate few elite rice genotypes in wet-direct seeded system vis-à-vis conventional transplanting in clayey vertisol of Telangana during two consecutive seasons (rabi and kharif) of 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with two methods of crop establishment in main plots viz. conventional transplanting (CT) and direct seeded rice (DSR) in puddled condition with nine rice varieties of different growth duration in sub-plots and replicated thrice. Growth and yield attributing characters were not differed in both the establishment techniques. Grain yields during the rabi season was higher by about 1.5 % under DSR, whereas, during kharif it was about 1 % higher in transplanted rice. Total duration of cultivars was decreased in DSR to the tune of 14 days during two seasons. There was no significant difference in mean grain yield across rice cultivars in two consecutive growing seasons between direct seeding and conventional transplanting. During rabi season DRR Dhan 44, Rasi, DRRH-2, HRI-174, RNR 15048, RP Bio-226 performed well; whereas Rasi, DRR Dhan 44, DRRH-2 and Varadhan found suitable in kharif.

YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT WHEN USING DIRECT SEEDING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ROSTOV REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.I. Ilchenko ◽  
◽  
O.A. Biryukova ◽  
A.V. Kucherenko ◽  
A.M. Medvedeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Southern Zone ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
No Till

The article presents the results of a three-year study of the effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat in the No-till system in the soil and climatic conditions of the southern zone of the Rostov region. The combined introduction of ammophos and kalimagnesia before sowing with two fertilizing with ammonium nitrate in the tillering and outlet phases of the tube helps to improve the nutritional regime of the soil and ensures maximum yield of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Influence of Weather and Growth Parameters on Yield of Pigeon pea in an Alfisol of Karnataka

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Shivaramu ◽  
◽  
M. B. Rajegowda ◽  
D.V. Soumya ◽  
L.N. Lakshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Weather Parameters

In field trials for six years, the influence of weather parameters on pigeon pea was studied in the Alfisols of Bengaluru, Karnataka. Pooled analysis revealed that for delay in sowing by each day, the normal sowing month from June resulted in decreased yield of pigeon pea by 11.13 kg ha-1, thus indicating the importance of early and timely sowing to get the advantage of higher rainfall, rainy days (RD), length of growing period (LGP in days), growing degree days (GDD) and leaf area duration (LAD in days). Among the above RD, LGP, GDD, LAD were found to have influenced the yield of pigeon pea in Alfisols significantly. For achieving maximum yield, the optimum values of the above parameters obtained from the fitted quadratic curves, were 90 RD, 2600 GDD and 300 LAD during the cropping period. Among the 10 multiple linear regression (MLR) models established, model V was found to be the most reliable in judging the yield potential of pigeon pea.

scholarly journals Влияние регуляторов роста на урожайность и качество ягод столовых сортов винограда в условиях Приднестровья

2019 ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Elena Ghinda ◽  
Valery Khlebnikov ◽  
Natalia Treskina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Average Maximum

Проведены исследования по применению регуляторов роста гиббереллина, мицефита, циркона и НВ-101 для обработки растений винограда сортов столового направления использования Лора и Аркадия в условиях Приднестровского региона. В период вегетации растения винограда обрабатывали дважды водными растворами следующих препаратов: гиббереллин (100 мг/л, St), мицефит в двух концентрациях -10 и 100 мг/л, циркон - 0,4 мл/л и НВ-101 - 0,05 мл/л. В статье приведены результаты двухлетних полевых опытов по изучению влияния регуляторов роста растений на урожайность и сахаристость сока ягод винограда. Установлена эффективность применения регуляторов роста в зависимости от климатических условий в период вегетации. Для винограда сорта Аркадия условия 2017 года были более благоприятными в сравнении с 2018 годом, что и обусловило более высокую урожайность контрольных растений в 2017 году - 19,8 против 12,8 т/га. Урожайность контрольных растений сорта Лора в годы исследований была практически на одном уровне и составляла 9,2-9,3 т/га. В более увлажненных условиях 2017 года обработка регуляторами роста оказалась неэффективной. Существенная прибавка урожая у сорта Аркадия - 4,2 т/га была получена лишь в варианте применения мицефита в концентрации 10 мл/л. Более эффективной была обработка регуляторами роста мицефит, циркон и НВ-101 в 2018 году, обеспечившая существенное увеличение урожайности с 12,8 до 15,5-20,4 т/га без снижения его качества. Средняя максимальная урожайность была отмечена в варианте обработки препаратом НВ-101. Обработка растений сорта Лора регуляторами роста обеспечила значительное повышение урожайности, но снизила сахаристость сока ягод. Наибольший эффект от их применения был отмечен в более засушливом 2018 году. Таким образом, применение регуляторов роста обеспечивает повышение урожайности и качества ягод винограда сортов Лора и Аркадия в зависимости от климатических условий года исследований.The study examined the effect of growth regulators gibberellin, micefit, zircon and NV-101 on table grapevine cultivars ‘Lora’ and ‘Arсadia’ in Transnistrian region. During vegetation grapevine plants were treated twice by aqueous solutions of the following preparations: gibberellin (100 mg/l, St), micefit in two concentrations-10 and 100 mg/l, zircon-0.4 ml/l and NV-101-0.05 ml/l. The paper summarizes findings of the two-year field trials conducted to study the effects of plant growth regulators on the yield and sugar content of the juice of grapes. The study established the effectiveness of growth regulators depending on climatic conditions during vegetation period. Year conditions of 2017 were more favourable for ‘Arcadia’ grapes as compared to 2018, which resulted in higher yields on control plants in 2017 - 19.8 t/ha. vs. 12.8 t/ha. The yield of control plants of ‘Lora’ vines was pretty much unchanged during the study years, and made 9.2 -9.3 t/ha. In the more humid conditions of 2017 treatment with growth regulators proved ineffective. Substantial positive yield response of ‘Arcadia’ grapes, specifically 4.2 t/ha, was obtained only in the trial variant of micefit application at a concentration of 10 ml/l. Treatment with growth regulators micefit, zircon and NV-101 in 2018 proved more effective, and demonstrated substantial increase from 12.8 to 15.5 - 20.42 t/ha without reducing the grape quality. The average maximum yield was recorded in the trial variant of treatment with NV-101 preparation. Treatment of ‘Lora’ with growth regulators provided a significant yield increase, but reduced sugar content in the berry juice. The strongest effect from the use of the preparations was registered in a more arid 2018. Thus, application of growth regulators increases productivity and quality of ‘Lora’ and ‘Arcadia’ grapevine cultivars depending on climatic conditions of the research year.

EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON CROP QUALITY AND YIELD IN LONG-TERM STATIONARY EXPERIMENT IN THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE CIS-URALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
N.E. ZAVYALOVA ◽  
◽  
D.G. SHISHKOV
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather

A stationary field experiment carried out in 1978 on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil (Eutric Albic Retisols (Abruptic, Loamic, Cutanic)) found that the application of mineral fertilizers in increasing doses led to acidification of the soil by the end of the fifth crop rotation in the arable layer with pH 5.6 when laying the experiment to pH 4.5 in the (NPK)150 variant. The use of NPK at 90–150 kg ai/ha contributed to the preservation of the initial humus level, an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus to 452 and exchangeable potassium to 403 mg/kg. The yield of cereals, potatoes and meadow clover in the crop rotation depended on hydrothermal conditions during the growing season of plants and the level of mineral nutrition. The yield of winter rye amounted to 4.51–4.85 t/ha and practically did not depend on the dose of fertilizers applied. As an NPK dose increased, the protein content in winter rye grain increased from 8.32% in the control samples to 11.57% in the samples with the maximum dose of the complex fertilizer. Potatoes produced a maximum yield (21.81 t/ha) when fertilized at a dose of 90 kg/ha. At increased doses of NPK in potato tubers, a decrease in starch content and an increase in nitrates above MAC were observed. The best indicators of yield (2.5 t/ha) and spring wheat quality were determined on options (NRK)60 and (NRK)90, the increase in control was 0.76–0.82 t/ha. The highest content of protein (18.41%) and gluten (37.48%) in wheat grain was determined by applying NPK at a rate of 60 kg ai/ha. High weediness of crops and adverse weather conditions did not provide for full implementation of the yield potential of meadow clover. In the conditions of the dry growing season of 2016, the maximum yield of barley was obtained by applying a full mineral fertilizer at a rate of 120–150 kg ai/ha (2.54–2.79 t/ha), the surplus to the option without the use of fertilizers was 0.99–1.24 t/ha (НСР05 = 0.15). The Stayer spring oats produced a maximum yield of 5.43 t/ha with NPK application at a rate of 90 kg ai/ha. The nitrogen content in the grain was very low and did not depend on the application of mineral fertilizers.

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