scholarly journals Operational and Safety Assessment of Motorised Three-Wheel Vehicles for Public Transport in the Tamale Metropolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Lukuman Wahab ◽  
Mohammed Salifu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Classification ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
Mode Of Transport

Motorised three-wheel vehicles are important modes of transportation in the Tamale metroplis because they provide alternative mobility solutions for low and middle income earners and fill the gaps in transportation systems in Ghana. The fact that motorised three-wheel vehicles are inexpensive to manufacture, sell, operate and repair compared to cars have also catalysed the surge in their ownership. This study evaluates the operations and safety of motorised three-wheel vehicles as a means of public transport for goods and humans in the Tamale Metropolis. To achieve this objective, a manual traffic classification count was carried out on the following main roads: Hospital Road, Bolgatanga Road, Choogu Road and Nyohini Road within the study area; a survey questionnaire was designed to elicit information from operators as well as users of motorised three-wheel vehicles. Road traffic crashes data were obtained and analysed. Direct field observations were also carried out along selected roads. The manual traffic classification count revealed that motorised three-wheel vehicles constitute the third most significant mode of transport in the study area whereas light vehicles and motorcycles are first and second respectively. Additionally, operation of motorised three-wheel vehicles provides employment or livelihood to people who are otherwise unemployable and have families to take care of. In terms of safety, 94.6% are completely unlicensed, 3.1% have motorcycle license, 1.5% have tractor operator license and 0.8% have driving license. Lack of required driving skills could be one of contributing factors of crashes in the study area. The vehicles also stop or park at unauthorised places, leading to congestion and traffic management problems on roads. It is therefore recommended that the operation of motorised three-wheel vehicles within Tamale Metropolis Area be regulated and designated spaces provided for parking. Keywords: Motorised three-wheel Vehicles, Public Transport, Operational, Safety; Tamale

scholarly journals Road Traffic Analysis Using Computer Vision

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2002-2006
Author(s):  
Needhi U. Gaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Traffic Analysis ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract: Traffic analysis plays an important role in a transportation system for traffic management. Traffic analysis system using computer vision project paper proposes the video based data for vehicle detection and counting systems based on the computer vision. In most Transportation Systems cameras are installed in fixed locations. Vehicle detection is the most important requirement in traffic analysis part. Vehicle detection, tracking, classification and counting is very useful for people and government for traffic flow, highway monitoring, traffic planning. Vehicle analysis will supply with information about traffic flow, traffic summit times on road. The motivation of visual object detection is to track the vehicle position and then tracking in successive frames is to detect and connect target vehicles for frames. Recognising vehicles in an ongoing video is useful for traffic analysis. Recognizing what kind of vehicle in an ongoing video is helpful for traffic analysing. this system can classify the vehicle into bicycle, bus, truck, car and motorcycle. In this system I have used a video-based vehicle counting method in a highway traffic video capture using cctv camera. Project presents the analysis of tracking-by-detection approach which includes detection by YOLO(You Only Look Once) and tracking by SORT(simple online and realtime tracking) algorithm. Keywords: Vehicle detection, Vehicle tracking, Vehicle counting, YOLO, SORT, Analysis, Kalman filter, Hungarian algorithm.

scholarly journals Reducing deaths and injuries in cities around the world through a city multi-sector comprehensive approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ratte
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes

Abstract Road traffic crashes kill over 1.35 million people worldwide and injure up to 50 million people. They are the leading cause of death among the young. City governments, in conjunction with national governmental agencies, are critical to reducing road traffic deaths. Cities are well placed to demonstrate effective implementation of evidence-based interventions and catalyse national action. Proven road safety strategies include: → enforcing road safety laws on speeding, drink driving, motorcycle helmets and seat-belts → designing and building safer roads → managing speed effectively → implementing transportation systems to make urban mobility safer → promoting safe driving and building public support for road safety via communication campaigns → using data from high-quality monitoring and evaluation systems for policy and planning. This presentation will highlight the successes and challenges in some selected cities participating in the Bloomberg Philanthropies Initiative for Global Road Safety and share lessons learned in the implementation of a multi sector evidence-based comprehensive approach at city level.

scholarly journals Need for improving the health system preparedness for road traffic injuries in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-737
Author(s):  
Brijesh Sathian ◽  
Puspa Raj Pant ◽  
Edwin Van Teijlingen ◽  
Indrajit Banerjee ◽  
Bedanta Roy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Mass Transportation ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Economic Progress

The growth of motorised and mass transportation has improved the lives and lifestyles of many. This economic progress has major drawbacks including: increased air pollution, road traffic crashes/injuries (RTCs/RTIs). Some papers may refer to Road Traffic Accidents or RTAs, but experts recommend the more appropriate to use RTIs. In recent decades the proportion of RTI to all deaths has declined in high-income countries whereas it has risen in many low- and middle-income countries.

Road Traffic Congestion (TraCo) Estimation Using Multi-Layer Continuous Virtual Loop (MCVL)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-71
Author(s):  
Manipriya Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Mala C. ◽  
Samson Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Traffic Video ◽  
Virtual Loop

Any road traffic management application of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) requires traffic characteristics data such as vehicle density, speed, etc. This paper proposes a robust and novel vehicle detection framework known as multi-layer continuous virtual loop (MCVL) that uses computer vision techniques on road traffic video to estimate traffic characteristics. Estimations of traffic data such as speed, area occupancy and an exclusive spatial feature named as corner detail value (CDV) acquired using MCVL are proposed. Further, the estimation of traffic congestion (TraCo) level using these parameters is also presented. The performances of the entire framework and TraCo estimation are evaluated using several benchmark traffic video datasets and the results are presented. The results show that the improved accuracy in vehicle detection process using MCVL subsequently improves the precision of TraCo estimation. This also means that the proposed framework is well suited to applications that need traffic characteristics to update their traffic information system in real time.

Adolescent injuries

2018 ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Li ◽  
Adnan A Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Effective Interventions

Injuries are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity for children 10–19 years old globally. Low and middle-income countries account for a burden of injuries disproportionate to their population, vehicle possession, and economic activities. Common types of unintentional injuries include road traffic crashes, drowning, burns, and falls. Self-harm is the most common type of intentional injury globally. Major barriers to injury prevention are lack of quality data on injury epidemiology, misperception of injuries as ‘accidents’, insufficient funding, and the multi-sectorial nature of injury prevention. Previous studies and experience, mostly from high-income countries, have identified a set of effective and cost-effective interventions to prevent child injuries. Evidence-based and well-enforced legislation is a highly effective tool in preventing injuries. Enhanced multi-sectorial effort is required to achieve development goals on injuries, including the sustainable development goal (SDG) target 3.6: by 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic injuries.

scholarly journals Establishment of a road traffic trauma registry for northern Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thayasivam Gobyshanger ◽  
Alison M Bales ◽  
Claire Hardman ◽  
Mary McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Trauma Registry ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Road traffic injuries are a neglected global public health problem. Over 1.25 million people are killed each year, and middle-income countries, which are motorising rapidly, are the hardest hit. Sri Lanka is dealing with an injury-related healthcare crisis, with a recent 85% increase in road traffic fatality rates. Road traffic crashes now account for 25 000 injuries annually and 10 deaths daily. Development of a trauma registry is the foundation for injury control, care and prevention. Five northern Sri Lankan provinces collaborated with Jaffna Teaching Hospital to develop a local electronic registry. The Centre for Clinical Excellence and Research was established to provide organisational leadership, hardware and software were purchased, and data collectors trained. Initial data collection was modified after implementation challenges were resolved. Between 1 June 2017 and 30 September 2017, 1708 injured patients were entered into the registry. Among these patients, 62% were male, 76% were aged 21–50, 71.3% were motorcyclists and 34% were in a collision with another motorcyclist. There were frequent collisions with uncontrolled livestock (12%) and with fixed objects (14%), and most patients were transported by private vehicles without prehospital care. Head (n=315) and lower extremity (n=497) injuries predominated. Establishment of a trauma registry in low-income and middle-income countries is a significant challenge and requires invested local leadership; the most challenging issue is ongoing funding. However, this pilot registry provides a valuable foundation, identifying unique injury mechanisms, establishing priorities for prevention and patient care, and introducing the concept of an organised system to this region.

scholarly journals Traffic Crash Characteristics in Shenzhen, China from 2014 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Guofa Li ◽  
Yuan Liao ◽  
Qiangqiang Guo ◽  
Caixiong Shen ◽  
Weijian Lai
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
Crash Characteristics

Road traffic crashes cause fatalities and injuries of both drivers/passengers in vehicles and pedestrians outside, thus challenge public health especially in big cities in developing countries like China. Previous efforts mainly focus on a specific crash type or causation to examine the crash characteristics in China while lacking the characteristics of various crash types, factors, and the interplay between them. This study investigated the crash characteristics in Shenzhen, one of the biggest four cities in China, based on the police-reported crashes from 2014 to 2016. The descriptive characteristics were reported in detail with respect to each of the crash attributes. Based on the recorded crash locations, the land-use pattern was obtained as one of the attributes for each crash. Then, the relationship between the attributes in motor-vehicle-involved crashes was examined using the Bayesian network analysis. We revealed the distinct crash characteristics observed between the examined levels of each attribute, as well the interplay between the attributes. This study provides an insight into the crash characteristics in Shenzhen, which would help understand the driving behavior of Chinese drivers, identify the traffic safety problems, guide the research focuses on advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) and traffic management countermeasures in China.

scholarly journals Assessment of Tire Safety Knowledge among Private and Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Samson Clarence Emelike ◽  
Eberechukwu Lolly Mbanaso ◽  
Chris Akunneh-Wariso ◽  
Doreen Osasogie Enejoh ◽  
Cornelius Ezenwa Adiele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Private Vehicle ◽  
Safety Knowledge

<p><em>It is estimated that road traffic crashes account for the death of about 1.25 million people each year, and it is the leading cause of death among youth between ages 15-29 years (WHO, 2016). Low and middle-income countries have about half of the world’s vehicle, and yet account for 90% of the world’s fatal accidents (WHO, 2016). Among the key risk factors for road accidents are speed, drink-driving, motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints, distracted driving (WHO, 2016). Tires maintenance or factors relating to the tire were not identified as risk factors by WHO. However, in Nigeria, it was estimated that between the years 2011 and 2015, tire bursts accounted for 7.8% of total causes of traffic crash in Nigeria (FRSC, 2016). </em></p><p><strong><em>Objective:</em></strong><em> This research aims to assess whether private vehicle drivers have better tire safety knowledge than commercial vehicle drivers in Nigeria. </em></p><p><strong><em>Methodology:</em></strong><em> The research employed a cross sectional study design on 454 motor vehicle drivers (commercial vehicle drivers n=233 and private vehicle drivers n=221). A simple, well-structured questionnaire was applied to them and data collected.</em></p><p><strong><em>Data analysis:</em></strong><em> The result was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). </em></p><p><strong><em>Result: </em></strong><em>The result showed an evidence supporting a relationship between driver’s category and possession of tire safety knowledge. We conclude therefore that private vehicle drivers in Nigeria are more likely to have adequate tire safety knowledge than commercial vehicle drivers.</em></p>

scholarly journals Gender differences in active travel in major cities across the world

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Goel ◽  
Oyinlola Oyebode ◽  
Louise Foley ◽  
Lambed Tatah ◽  
Christopher Millett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Male Violence ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Age Dependent

AbstractThere is lack of literature on international comparison of gender differences in the use of active travel modes. We used population-representative travel surveys for 19 major cities across 13 countries and 6 continents, representing a mix of cites from low-and-middle income (n = 8) and high-income countries (n = 11). In all the cities, females are more likely than males to walk and, in most cities, more likely to use public transport. This relationship reverses in cycling, with females often less likely users than males. In high cycling cities, both genders are equally likely to cycle. Active travel to access public transport contributes 30–50% of total active travel time. The gender differences in active travel metrics are age dependent. Among children (< 16 years), these metrics are often equal for girls and boys, while gender disparity increases with age. On average, active travel enables one in every four people in the population to achieve at least 30 min of physical activity in a day, though there is large variation across the cities. In general, females are more likely to achieve this level than males. The results highlight the importance of a gendered approach towards active transport policies. Such an approach necessitates reducing road traffic danger and male violence, as well as overcoming social norms that restrict women from cycling.

scholarly journals Fatality risk and issues of inequity among vulnerable road users in South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261182
Author(s):  
Anesh Sukhai ◽  
Rajen Govender ◽  
Ashley van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background Contextual effects from the physical and social environment contribute to inequitable protection for a large proportion of road users, especially in low- and middle-income countries like South Africa where distorted urban planning and socio-spatial disparities from the apartheid era prevail. Objectives This paper examines the differentiated risk of road traffic crashes and injuries to vulnerable road users in South Africa, including pedestrians, females and users of some modes of public transport, in relation to characteristics of the crashes that proxy a range of contextual influences such as rurality and socio-economic deprivation. Methods The study is based on a descriptive analysis of 33 659 fatal crashes that occurred in South Africa over a three-year period from 2016–2018. Measures of simple proportion, population-based fatality rate, “impact factor” and crash severity are compared between disaggregated groups using Chi-Square analysis, with the Cramer’s V statistic used to assess effect size. Results and significance Key findings show a higher pedestrian risk in relation to public transport vehicles and area-level influences such as the nature of roads or extent of urbanity; higher passenger risk in relation to public transport vehicles and rurality; and higher risk for female road users in relation to public transport vehicles. The findings have implications for prioritising a range of deprivation-related structural effects. In addition, we present a “User-System-Context” conceptual framework that allows for a holistic approach to addressing vulnerability in the transport system. The findings provide an important avenue for addressing the persistently large burden of road traffic crashes and injuries in the country.

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