scholarly journals Internal Migration and Poverty Reduction in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-90
Author(s):  
Nicholas Awuse ◽  
Patrick Tadoh Offi ◽  
Amevi Acakpovi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Rank Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The Relationship

Nowadays, policymakers and researchers are discussing the relationship between internal migrations on poverty reduction. The uneven economic developments in Ghana these days, among others, have made the essential towns a des tination for internal migrants from other areas of the country. This study examines internal migration that acts as a way o ut of area poverty where conservative strategies on poverty reduction have failed to draw on empirical evidence on Ghana's civil movement. It is also examining how internal migration leads to economic development in rural areas. For the migrants a proportionate sample size of 680 used. Snowball sampling utilized for population selection (migrants) Gathered data from six regions and 38 districts in Ghana.It was analysed using questionnaires and interviews using versi on 22 of the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS). The research also used statistical methods such as multinomial re gression, Spearman rank analysis of correlation, and ordinal model regression. Internal migration has a positive effect on poverty alleviation in Ghana bringing good drinking water supplies, electricity expansion, sanitation facilities, improved incomes, better healthcare, better nutrition, savings and investment opportunities to migrants, their families and communities among others. In order to maximize the effect of internal migration, the study recommended policy, theoretical and practical interventions on poverty reduction in Ghana

Internal Migration in Brazil

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Estanislau Fischlowitz ◽  
Madeline H. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Rapid Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
Process Of Urbanization

The significance of internal migration for social change is a sociological theme highly debated in Latin America today. The article that follows briefly examines internal migration in Brazil. These migrations are not new, but they are increasing at the present because of a rapid process of urbanization. The author analyzes inter-regional, inter-State and intra-State population movements and assesses the causes underlying them: droughts and inundations, latifundia and limited opportunities in rural areas. He concludes by pointing out the social and economic consequences of internal migrations and the Government's reaction to them.

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND POVERTY FARMERS IN ACEH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saifuddin Yunus ◽  
Suadi Zainal ◽  
Fadli Jalil ◽  
Cut Maya Aprita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the study: This study tried to examine the correlation between social capital and the poverty level of farmers in Aceh. It was linked to the uneven agricultural development of some rural areas in Aceh had caused the poverty rates in villages are higher than in the urban areas. Hence the social capital is important as other capitals in development and become the energies for the development and decreases the rate of poverty. Methodology: This research used a quantitative method by distributing the questionnaire to 300 respondents in Aceh Tamiang, Pidie Jaya and Aceh Tengah, Indonesia. The data analyzed by using the Spearman correlation with the assistance of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences to determining the relationship between two variables; social capital and poverty in farmers. Main Findings: This study found that there is a positive and significant correlation between social capital and the level of poverty. Famers who have a higher stock of social capital are found to be lower in the poverty rate. Applications of this study: The finding of this study is useful for the government of the Aceh government to explore and strengthen farmers' social capital to empowering their economies. It would be relevant to decreasing the poverty rate according to farmers in Aceh. Novelty/Originality of this study: The case of poverty in Aceh was widely explained by the numbers of the researcher. But there is no recent publication that has explained the relationship between poverty and social capital in Aceh. Therefore a strong level of social capital will be able to significantly reduce poverty in Aceh.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Romania’s Internal Migration. Findings from the 1977, 1992, 2002 and 2011 Censuses

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Constanţa Mihăescu ◽  
Adrian Otoiu ◽  
Erika Marin ◽  
Ileana Niculescu-Aron
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Internal Migrants

Abstract Although internal migration has been rather overlooked, both in terms of its magnitude and importance, its ability to reflect socio-economic changes is providing useful insights on the evolution of the Romanian society over the last decades. Based on the analysis of census microdata over the past 4 censuses, some major shifts in the magnitude and patterns in internal migration reveal the fact that characteristics of internal migrants have not only mirrored, but also preceded the changes observed for the total population. Among the most important developments revealed by our analysis have been a slight decrease in migration incidence since 1992, an increase in migrants residing in rural areas, especially in the South region, and a higher incidence among women, perhaps as a counterweight for higher international migration rates among men. Internal migrants’ age profile shows that they are 11 years older than the total population, up from a gap of only 6 years in 1977. Although they tend to be relatively more educated, their advantage has been on a declining trend and, contrary to common perceptions, are less likely to be single. At the county level, data reveals diverging patterns triggered by post-communist development, among which deindustrialization of some countries and strong international migration. These findings help portray the socio-economic changes as revealed by the analysis of census data, and provide any additional feedback to the annual internal migration flow estimates, by assessing the stock of those who moved from their birthplace, and showing how net internal migration patterns have morphed over time, both reflecting and effecting demographic and socioeconomic evolutions of the Romanian society1.

scholarly journals Relationship between Television Violence and Social Aggression a Study Conducted on Youth of Rural Areas of Punjab

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Qadir ◽  
Professor Dr. Shafiq Jullandhry
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Social Aggression ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Television Violence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the relationship between television violence and the social aggression of youth of rural areas of Punjab. This study is helpful to examine the exposure and attitude toward television violence of rural area youth of Punjab. This study also examined the impact of television violence on the social aggression of youth. Cross-sectional research design is used in this study and data was collected from the youth of the rural areas of nine divisions of Punjab. A total of 344 respondents were taken as sample size and a stratified sampling technique is used for data collection from the concerned population. The results of this study are generated through statistical software SPSS and Smart PLS. It was hypothesized that exposure toward television violence and the social aggression of youth have a positive relationship. The statistical test results show positive relationship among all hypotheses. So findings of the study help to conclude that exposure, attitude, and cognition toward television violence has an impact on the social aggression of youth of rural areas of Punjab.

scholarly journals Examining The Social Impact of Microfinance on Poverty Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
DR. SAIF UL MUJAHID SHAH ◽  
DR. ANWAR UL MUJAHID SHAH ◽  
SYED ARSHAD ALI SHAH
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

As Poverty has become a global challenge for all the nations around the world, from the past many years, different strategies have been used to reduce it. However, since 1980s Microfinance has become a powerful tool to alleviate poverty and it's not adopted even in the developing countries but also developed nations have been practicing it. Many of the past studies used the economic indicators to measure the impact of microfinance on poverty reduction, and few have concentrated on the social indicators. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of microfinance as a poverty reduction in terms of social indicators in the rural areas of northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The objective of this research is to check whether the established NGOs in the concern areas have been successful in bringing social change in the life of the beneficiaries. For the purpose of analysis, the structural equation model is applied to a sample of 440 collected through a structured questionnaire. Results show that microfinance had a negative impact on the health and education of the beneficiaries. This research indicates that more funds and priority should be given to the education and health sector because they have equal importance as compared to the other economic indicators.

The Effect of Interpersonal Spending Pressure on Intention to Smoke among Low-Income People in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-988
Author(s):  
Bai Rui ◽  
Pan Weiyu ◽  
Li Chao ◽  
Zhong Yu ◽  
Xu Juan
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Test the effect of capital on household human relationship expenditure and thus examine the effect on the willingness to smoke. Methods: Threshold model and Critical theory of capital. Results: China is a large consumer of tobacco, and tobacco account for a significant proportion of interpersonal spending in China. It is found that the percentage of social spending of low-income families is much higher than that of high-income families. In recent years, the social expenditures of extremely low-income people have far exceeded their income. At the same time, the types of urban and rural areas, traditional customs, business management, social exchange, and education level significantly impact the family’s human relationship expenditure. Conclusion: This paper shows that, unlike in Western countries, cigarettes present a huge advantage in interpersonal interactions in China, hence the phenomenon that the richer one is, the more one consumes tobacco. Social poverty has become a significant obstacle to the sustainable growth of low-income people’s income. Under the effect of capital, the relationship between people is deeply reflected as the relationship between human and material, and then presents the characteristics of materialization. The reason why people accept this way of interaction lies in the domination of rational principles. To control the materialized social relations, we need the construction of timely theory and the formation of values free from capital control to alleviate the social poverty.

scholarly journals Frailty in older adults and their association with social determinants of Health. The SABE Colombia Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M Ocampo Chaparro ◽  
Carlos A Reyes Ortiz ◽  
Ximena Castro Flórez ◽  
Fernando Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of frailty and evaluate the relationship with the social determinants of health in elderly residents in urban and rural areas of Colombia. Methods: The SABE (Health, Wellbeing, and Aging) Colombia project is a cross-sectional study, carried out in 2014-2015, involving 24,553 men and women aged 60 years and older who live in the community in Colombia. For this analysis, we used data from 4,474 participants included as a subsample with grip strength measurements. The frailty syndrome was diagnosed according to the Fried criteria (weakness, low speed, low physical activity, exhaustion, and weight loss). The independent variables were grouped as (a) biological and genetic flow, (b) lifestyle (adverse conditions in childhood) (c) social networks and community, and (d) socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of frailty for the outcomes of interest. Results: The prevalence of frailty was 17.9%. The factors significantly associated with frailty were older age, being women, living in rural areas, having low education, a greater number of medical conditions, insufficient current income, childhood health problems and a poor economic situation in childhood. Conclusions: Our results support the need to include frailty prevention programs, to improve the socioeconomic health conditions of infants to avoid future development of frailty.

scholarly journals Rooftop Gardening: Estimation of Income from a Score of Socio-Ecological Variables

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Kabita Mondal ◽  
S. K. Acharya ◽  
Apurba Pal ◽  
Monirul Haque ◽  
Rik Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Future Opportunity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Behavioural Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

Aims: To study the relationship of total income was incurred from the rooftop gardening with various socio economic and behavioural aspects and elicit the future opportunity for this innovative method in this global warming situation where the world is facing the increasing crisis of availability of the land resources, support sustainability, contamination of ground water, food accessibility, and economic sustainability.    Study Design: The locale was selected by purposive sampling technique and the respondents following rooftop gardening had been interacted and was selected by the snowball sampling method. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out during 2017 and 2018. The place, Janai Road of Srirampur, Khanakul-I and Khanakul-II block of Hooghly district, Budge Budge-II, Bishnupur-I and Bishnupur-II of South 24 Parganas and various areas in Kolkata were selected for the study. Methodology: In this present study 50 respondents following rooftop gardens have been interacted and are selected by the snowball sampling method. A semi-structured schedule has been administered to generate women information regarding family composition, the rationale for opting rooftop gardening, the ecological views on roof gardening, and the cost opportunity analysis. The gathered data had been put into multivariate analysis (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V20.0 (SPSS) of IBM was used for analyzing the Coefficient of Correlation, Stepwise Regression and Path Analysis). Results: Education (X2), rooftop area (X4), diversity of plants (X6), labour charges (X8), organic manure (X11), fertilizer (X13) variables have been found to exert strong and determining contribution to total income. Respondents revealed that it had provided a certain amount of income in addition to the conventional farming income. Conclusion: The study had revealed that Rooftop gardening is not only eco-friendly horticulture but also a successful enterprise, having all the three critical echelons viz. economy, ecology, and equity as well.

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