scholarly journals Age-related influences on somatic and physical fitness of elite police agents (Influencias de la edad en la aptitud física y somática de los agentes de policía de élite)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Alfredo O. Araujo ◽  
Jose M. Cancela ◽  
Pedro Bezerra ◽  
Cesar Chaves ◽  
Luis P. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Grasa Corporal ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Effect Of Age

Age-related influences on somatic and physical fitness of elite police agents Influencias de la edad en la aptitud física y somática de los agentes de policía de élite Background: Elite police officers must be physically fit to perform their job occupational demands but information on the effect of age in their physical fitness and somatic composition is scarce. Our aim is to describe the effect of age on somatic and physical fitness of a Special Police Unit (SPU); and to understand age-related changes. Methods: 117 SPU elements of a total of 218, aged 42.6±4.2 years, were assessed on their somatic (height, weight, circumferences, skinfolds); body composition (BMI, body fat); and physical fitness (maximal, power and endurance strength, aerobic power, and flexibility). T-tests were used for comparing results to other police studies. Regression analysis was used to detect the effect of age for somatic and fitness variable. Results: SPU elements showed a homogeneous and suitable fitness condition. No somatic differences were found along age, but annual age losses were found for physical fitness, namely for strength: left handgrip strength (95%CI -0.70 to -0.12), bench press (95%CI -2.34 to -0.89), squat jump (95%CI -0.70 to -0.12), medicinal ball throw (95%CI -0.62 to -0.25), push-ups (95%CI -1.64 to -0.66), pull-ups (95%CI -0.53 to -0.11), sit-ups (95%CI -1.33 to -0.27), but also on the VO2max (-0.535 to -0.115). Conclusions: Portuguese SPU elements showed a good somatic and physical fitness condition according to the requirements of their profession. Regardless the effect of age they were able to maintain a good somatic fitness and a very good aerobic power along the years. The loss of strength was the most associated with age.  Resumen. Introducción: Los agentes de policía de élite deben estar en buena forma física para cumplir con las demandas ocupacionales de su trabajo, pero la información sobre el efecto de la edad en su condición física y composición somática es escasa. Nuestro objetivo es describir el efecto de la edad sobre la aptitud física y somática de una Unidad Especial de Policía (SPU); y comprender los cambios relacionados con la edad. Métodos: Se evaluaron 117 elementos SPU de un total de 218, con edad de 42,6 ± 4,2 años, en su morfología (altura, peso, circunferencias, pliegues cutáneos); composición corporal (IMC, grasa corporal); y aptitud física (fuerza máxima, potencia y resistencia, potencia aeróbica y flexibilidad). Se utilizaron pruebas t-Student para comparar los resultados con otros estudios policiales. Se utilizó el análisis de regresión para detectar el efecto de la edad para la variable somática y de aptitud. Resultados: Los elementos SPU mostraron una condición física adecuada y homogénea. No se encontraron diferencias somáticas a lo largo de la edad, pero se encontraron pérdidas de edad anuales para la condición física, es decir, para la fuerza: fuerza de prensión (IC 95%: -0,70 a -0,12), bench press (IC del 95%: -2,34 a -0,89), squat jump (IC 95%: -0,70 a -0,12), lanzamiento de pelota medicinal (IC 95%: -0,62 a -0,25), extensiones de brazo (IC 95%: -1,64 a -0,66), flexiones de brazo (IC 95%: -0,53 a -0,11), abdominales (IC 95%: -1,33 a -0,27), pero también sobre el VO2 máx. (-0,535 a -0,115). Conclusiones: Los elementos SPU portugueses mostraron una buena condición física y somática de acuerdo con los requisitos de su profesión. Independientemente del efecto de la edad lograron mantener una buena condición somática y una muy buena potencia aeróbica a lo largo de los años. La pérdida de fuerza fue la más asociada con la edad.

Age-related influence on physical fitness and individual on-duty task performance of Portuguese male non-elite police officers

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Teixeira ◽  
Luís F. Monteiro ◽  
Ricardo Silvestre ◽  
João Beckert ◽  
Luís M. Massuça
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Physical Fitness Characteristics in Professional Padel Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5967
Author(s):  
Francisco Pradas ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Pay ◽  
Diego Muñoz ◽  
Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaraz
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Maximum Test

The aims of the present study were to examine the fitness characteristics of professional padel players and to determine differences in physical performance regarding players’ gender. Thirty professional padel players (men: n = 15, age = 27.4 ± 6.8 years, height = 177.9 ± 4.0 cm; women: n = 15, age = 30.0 ± 4.2 years, height = 166.6 ± 4.8 cm) completed a 4-day evaluation process, including: isometric handgrip strength, sit and reach, 10 × 5 shuttle test, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), Abalakov test, one-repetition maximum test (bench press, leg extension, leg curl, lat pulldowns, overhead press, and shoulder press), anthropometry and VO2 max tests. The men players had higher values in terms of weight, height, one maximum repetition, jump tests (CMJ and ABK) and VO2 max test than the women (p < 0.005). By contrast, the women had higher values for fat mass (p = 0.005; ES: 2.49). The values from this multifaceted test battery can be a useful guide for coaches regarding players’ development in future evaluations and monitoring.

scholarly journals Antropometria e Aptidão Física de Adolescentes Latino-Americanos (Antropometría y Aptitud Física de Adolescentes Latino-Americanos) (Anthropometry and Physical Fitness of Latin American Adolescents)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Dartagnan Pinto Guedes ◽  
Paulo César Franzini ◽  
Raymundo Pires Júnior ◽  
José Maria Moya Morales
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Motor Tests ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
American Cities

O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver uma análise sobre o comportamento de medidas antropométricas e resultados de testes motores que procuram evidenciar as características de crescimento físico e aptidão física em uma amostra internacional de adolescentes de três cidades latino-americanas localizadas na Argentina, Brasil e Chile. A amostra utilizada constituiu-se de 1357 adolescentes com idade entre 12 e 17 anos (48,6 rapazes) selecionados nos três países. As características antropométricas foram determinadas através das medidas de estatura, peso corporal e espessuras de dobras cutâneas. Quanto à aptidão física, foram administrados os testes de sit-and-reach, squat jump, conter-moviment jump, preensão manual, sit-up, corrida 10 X 5 metros e caminhada/corrida progressiva de vai-e-vem. Os resultados mostraram que as medidas antropométricas somente começaram a apresentar diferenças importantes entre os sexos a partir dos 14 anos, enquanto diferenças relacionadas à aptidão física foram constatadas favorecendo os rapazes em quase todos os testes motores desde os 12 anos, elevando-se o dimorfismo sexual com o avanço da idade. Os achados apontaram diferenças significativas nas medidas antropométricas e nos resultados dos testes motores apresentados pelos adolescentes das três cidades/países latino-americanas. Concluindo, as evidencias encontradas sugerem que as intervenções de monitoramento do crescimento físico e da aptidão física devam ser concebidas para alcançar grupos-objetivos específicos e contemplar ações de acordo com características socioculturais e ambientais dos adolescentes desses três países. Resumen. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un análisis del comportamiento de las mediciones antropométricas y resultados de las pruebas de motor que buscan poner de relieve las características de crecimiento físico y la condición física en una muestra internacional de los adolescentes de tres ciudades latinoamericanas ubicadas en Argentina, Brasil y Chile. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1357 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años (48,6 varones) seleccionados en los tres países. Las características antropométricas fueron determinados por la medición de la altura, el peso corporal y el espesor del pliegue cutáneo. En cuanto a la aptitud física, se les administró el test sit-and-reach, squat jump, conter-moviment jump, prensión manual, sit-up, corriendo 10 x 5 metros y caminar / correr progresiva hacia atrás y hacia adelante. Los resultados mostraron que las mediciones antropométricas sólo comenzaran a mostrar diferencias significativas entre los sexos a partir de 14 años, mientras que se encontraron diferencias relacionadas con la aptitud física favoreciendo los chicos en casi todas las pruebas desde los 12 años, aumentando el dimorfismo sexual con la edad. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en las mediciones antropométricas y en los resultados de las pruebas motoras que presentaran los adolescentes de las tres ciudades / países de América Latina. En conclusión, la evidencia encontrada sugiere que las intervenciones de monitoreo de la condición física y el crecimiento físico deben estar diseñadas para alcanzar grupos específicos e incluir acciones de acuerdo con a las características socio-culturales y ambientales de los jóvenes en estos tres países. Abstract. The purpose of this study was to develop an analysis concerning the behavior of anthropometric measurements and results of motor tests aimed at characterizing growth and physical fitness in a international sample of adolescents from three Latin American cities located in Argentina, Brazil and Chile. The sample was composed of 1357 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (48.6% boys) selected in three countries. Anthropometric characteristics were determined by height, body weight and skinfold thickness. As for physical fitness, tests for sit-and-reach, squat jump, conter-moviment jump, handgrip strength, sit-up, 10 X 5 meter races and progressive endurance walk/run were applied. The results showed that anthropometric measurements only begin to present important gender-based differences after 14 years of age, while for physical fitness differences were found favoring boys in almost all motor tests from 12 years on, with an increasing sexual dimorphism index as the adolescents grew. The findings showed significant differences in anthropometric measurements and the results of motor tests presented by the adolescents from three Latin American cities/countries. In conclusion, the evidence found suggests that monitoring interventions of growth and physical fitness should be designed to achieve specific target-groups and contemplate actions according socio-cultural and environmental characteristics of adolescents in these three countries.

scholarly journals Physical Fitness Components Associated With Performance in a Multiple-Sprint Test

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Durandt ◽  
Jason C. Tee ◽  
Sebastian K. Prim ◽  
Michael I. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
National Level ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Shuttle Run ◽  
Repeat Sprint

Purpose:The 5-m repeat-sprint test (5-m RST) measures resistance to fatigue after repeated bouts of short-duration, high-intensity activity. This study determined the components of fitness associated with performance in 5-m RSTs.Methods:Speed (10-m and 40-m sprints), strength (bench press), agility, strength endurance (pull-ups and push-ups), and aerobic power (20-m shuttle-run test) were measured in male provincial- or national-level rugby (n = 110), hockey (n = 59), and soccer (n = 55) players.Results:Subjects with either high (HI) or low (LO) resistance to fatigue in the 5-m RST differed in body mass (76.9 ± 11.6 kg vs 102.1 ± 18.9 kg, HI vs LO, respectively, P < .001), agility (14.55 ± 0.41 seconds vs 15.56 ± 0.30 seconds, P < .001), bench press (86 ± 20 kg vs 114 ± 33 kg, P = .03), pull-ups (13 ± 4 vs 8 ± 5, P = .02), push-ups (56 ± 12 vs 39 ± 13, P = .002), and 20-m shuttle-run test (20-m SRT; 133 ± 11 vs 87 ± 12 shuttles, P < .001). Body mass, strength, and aerobic power were the best predictors of 5-m RST performance: 5-m RST = –1.274(mass) + 0.756(1RM bench press) + 2.053(number of 20-m SRT shuttles) + 549.409 (R2 = .66).Conclusions:Performance in the 5-m RST is predicted best by a combination of factors including body mass, strength, and aerobic ability, rather than by any single component of fitness.

scholarly journals Efectos del entrenamiento de sobrecarga tradicional vs CrossFit sobre distintas expresiones de la fuerza (Effects of traditional strength training vs CrossFit on different expressions of strength)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Facundo Costa ◽  
Andrés Santiago Parodi Feye ◽  
Carlos Magallanes
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Endurance Strength

  El desarrollo de la fuerza es relevante tanto para el rendimiento como para la salud. El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar los efectos del CrossFit en comparación con entrenamiento tradicional sobre distintas manifestaciones de la fuerza. Catorce adultos entrenados de ambos sexos fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos para realizar 8 semanas de entrenamiento: un grupo (CF; edad: 24.9 ± 1.6 años) realizó CrossFit y el otro grupo (ET; edad: 28.7 ± 4.6 años) realizó entrenamiento de fuerza tradicional. La carga de ambos fue equiparada con relación a la duración de la parte central de las sesiones. Todos los sujetos fueron evaluados con tests de fuerza máxima (Back Squat, Bench Press y Dead Lift), fuerza resistencia (Squat y Push-ups) y fuerza explosiva (Squat Jump y Abalakov) pre y post intervención. Se verificaron mejoras en ambos grupos en todas las variables analizadas (p < 0,05), pero no se hallaron diferencias entre grupos como consecuencia de los distintos programas de entrenamiento. Se concluye que ambos programas de entrenamiento son similarmente efectivas para desarrollar la fuerza máxima, la fuerza explosiva y la fuerza resistencia en adultos entrenados. Abstract: Muscular strength development in its different expressions forms is relevant for both sport performance and health. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of CrossFit training in comparison with traditional resistance training on different expressions of strength. Fourteen adults of both sexes, with strength training experience, were randomly divided into two groups to perform 8 weeks of training: one group (CF; age: 24.9 ± 1.6yrs) performed CrossFit and the other group (ET; age: 28.7 ± 4.6yrs) performed traditional strength training. The training load of both programs was equated in relation to the duration of the main part of the sessions. All subjects were tested for maximal strength (Back Squat, Bench Press and Dead Lift), endurance strength (Squat and Push-ups) and explosive strength (Squat Jump and Abalakov) before and after the intervention. Significant improvements were verified in both groups post intervention for all the variables analyzed (p <0.05), but no significant differences were found between groups as a consequence of the different training programs. It is concluded that both training modalities are similarly effective in developing maximal strength, explosive strength and endurance strength in trained adults.

scholarly journals Physical fitness of amateur paddle players: comparisons between different competitive levels

Motricidade ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Borges Müller ◽  
Fabricio Boscolo Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Racket Sport ◽  
Practice Time

Padel is widely practiced racket sport, although there is scanty data comparing competitive levels and differences between the sexes. Physical fitness of padel players was compared, according to sex and level. The research involved 35 people (age = 29.6 ± 2.9 years, practice = 6.8 ± 4.9 years), 13 of the first, 15 of the second and 7 of the third category. Aerobic power (PAM) with Yo-YoIR1, agility with handball agility specific test (HAST), muscular power with vertical jump and 3kg medicineball throw, and handgrip endurance strength (HES) with dynamometer were measured. The variables PAM, HAST, vertical jump, throttle and FIPM were significantly different between genders. In addition, in the male category, players in the upper category had lower heart rate scores after Yo-YoIR1 as well as distance traveled, throttle and FIPM maximum, while in females the superior category was better in the variables distance traveled in Yo-YoIR1 and vertical jump. On the other hand, in both sexes, players of superior categories presented greater time of practice. Amateur padel players with a higher competitive level do not present higher physical fitness, but present longer practice time.

scholarly journals Perceived and Measured Physical Fitness of Police Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7628
Author(s):  
Filip Kukić ◽  
Robert G. Lockie ◽  
Ana Vesković ◽  
Nikola Petrović ◽  
Dane Subošić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
And Performance

The physical fitness of police officers needs to support good health and physical performance. Physical fitness comprises a considerable amount of training for police students who are to become police officers. However, to what degree police students are able to perceive their fitness level and differentiate between health-related and performance-related physical fitness is unknown. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of differentiation between health-related and performance-related physical fitness using physical self-concept and measured indicators of physical fitness. The second aim of this study was to investigate the association between components of physical self-concept and measured indicators of physical fitness of police students. The sample of 177 police students of both sexes (98 males and 79 females) completed a 40-item physical self-description questionnaire and their physical abilities were assessed for handgrip strength, standing long jump, 30 s sit-ups, and 12-min running. Principal component analysis established health-related and performance-related physical fitness from both perceived and measured physical fitness measures. Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between the perceived and measured physical fitness. Results suggest small to moderate ability to recognize the level of certain physical abilities, indicating the association between psychological mechanisms and biological functioning.

scholarly journals Angular Kinematics and Physical Fitness Analysis of Tall height and Short Height Javelin Throwers- A Case Study of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 829-833
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zia ul Haq ◽  
Tasleem Arif ◽  
Muhammad Akhtar Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Throw Distance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Javelin Throwers

This study was designed to compare the physical fitness and angular position of the university level javelin throwers. Eight tall height and (n = 08) short height javelin throwers were selected for data collection. A handgrip dynamometer, stadiometer, and weight balance were used for the measurements of physical fitness. Two video cameras a Kinovea software was utilized for video analysis of the Javelin throws. The selected variables were stature, body mass, standing broad jump, maximum bench press handgrip strength, the javelin throw distance. The angle of knee joint, elbow joints, and stride length was selected variables while performing the javelin throw. An independent t-test was applied to find mean difference among tall and short height javelin thrower. The result showed the distance of javelin throw, handgrip strength, maximum bench press, vertical jump, and standing broad jump of tall height throwers were significantly higher than short height javelin throwers. On the other hand, the tall height throwers were also significantly higher in extension of right elbow, right knee, and stride length than the short height at the time of the javelin release from hand. It was concluded the longer arms, body mass, and angular kinematics of javelin throwers are associated with the better performance. It is suggested the physical fitness would be include in the selection of javelin throw and angular movement of the right knee and elbow focused on training of javelin thrower.

scholarly journals Muscular Strength Spurts in Adolescent Male Basketball Players: The INEX Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Eduardo Guimarães ◽  
José A. R. Maia ◽  
Mark Williams ◽  
Filipa Sousa ◽  
Eduardo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Medicine Ball

Although successful performance in basketball requires high levels of muscular strength during adolescence, its development is confounded by the effects of normal growth. We examine the timing, intensity and sequence of muscular strength according to biological age (years from peak height velocity (PHV)) and hypothesize that young basketball players attain their peak muscular strength spurts around PHV. A total of 160 adolescent male basketballers, aged 11–15 years, were followed bi-annually over 3 consecutive years. The years from attainment of PHV and peak weight velocity (PWV) were estimated and five muscular strength measures (sit-ups, handgrip, seated medicine ball throw, squat jump and countermovement jump) were aligned to years from PHV in 3-month intervals. Strength velocities were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical model. The mean ages at-PHV and at-PWV were 13.90 ± 1.40 years and 13.90 ± 1.79 years, respectively. Maximal velocity in sit-ups was attained 6 months prior to attainment of PHV (intensity = 10.69 repetitions·year−1), whereas maximal velocity in squat jump occurred 6 months after-PHV (intensity = 3.93 cm·year−1). Handgrip strength, seated medicine ball throw and countermovement jump maximal velocity peaked at-PHV (intensity = 8.47 kgf·year−1, intensity = 0.75 m·year−1, intensity = 5.59 cm·year−1, respectively). In general, maximal velocity spurts did not differ in their timing, with the velocities reaching a peak concurrent with PHV and PWV or within 6 months of its attainment. Basketball coaches, as well as strength and conditioning trainers, should consider individual differences in strength development and be aware of rapid periods of growth in stature when planning and designing muscular strength training regimes.

scholarly journals Scotopic thresholds on dark-adapted chromatic perimetry in healthy aging and age-related macular degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjot Kaur Grewal ◽  
Shruti Chandra ◽  
Alan Bird ◽  
Glen Jeffery ◽  
Sobha Sivaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rod Function ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of aging, intra- and intersession repeatability and regional scotopic sensitivities in healthy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes. Intra- and intersession agreement and effect of age was measured in healthy individuals. The mean sensitivity (MS) and pointwise retinal sensitivities (PWS) within the central 24° with 505 nm (cyan) and 625 nm (red) stimuli were evaluated in 50 individuals (11 healthy and 39 AMD eyes). The overall intra- and intersession had excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC > 0.90) and tests were highly correlated (Spearman rs = 0.75–0.86). Eyes with subretinal drusenoid deposit (SDD) had reduced PWS centrally, particularly at inferior and nasal retinal locations compared with controls and intermediate AMD (iAMD) without SDD. There was no difference in MS or PWS at any retinal location between iAMD without SDD and healthy individuals nor between iAMD with SDD and non-foveal atrophic AMD groups. Eyes with SDD have reduced rod function compared to iAMD without SDD and healthy eyes, but similar to eyes with non-foveal atrophy. Our results highlight rod dysfunction is not directly correlated with drusen load and SDD location.

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