scholarly journals Sarcopenia and Physical Activity Predict Falls in Older Adults from Amazonas, Brazil (La sarcopenia y la actividad física predicen caídas en adultos mayores de Amazonas, Brasil)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Kessketlen Alves Miranda ◽  
Élvio Rubio Gouveia ◽  
Bruna Gouveia ◽  
Adilson Marques ◽  
Pedro Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
European Working ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Disorder ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Risk Of Fall ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a progressive and widespread skeletal muscle disorder involving loss of muscle mass and function, and is associated with several outcomes, including falls, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed: (1) to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia, falls, and the risk of falls considering age, sex, and the level of physical activity (PA), and (2) to identify which of these predictors better explained the likelihood that participants present risk of fall. A total of 701 participants (433 women) with a mean age of 70.4±6.9. Sarcopenia was determined according to the most recent guidelines from the European Working Group (EWGSOP2). The prevalence of falls and the level of physical activity were assessed by questionnaires. The risk of falls was assessed using the Fullerton Advance Balance (FAB) scale. This study provides evidence that women (OR: 2.5, p<0.001), the oldest people (OR: 1.1 p<0.001), and people who had identified sarcopenia (OR: 2.9 p<0.001), and lower level of physical activity (OR: 2.9 p<0.001), were more likely to present the risk of falls. Implications for vulnerable aging are discussed.  Resumen. Introducción: La sarcopenia es un trastorno del músculo esquelético generalizado y progresivo que implica pérdida de masa y función muscular y se asocia con varios resultados, que incluyen caídas, deterioro funcional, fragilidad y mortalidad. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo: (1) estimar la prevalencia de sarcopenia, caídas y el riesgo de caídas considerando la edad, el sexo y el nivel de actividad física (AF), y (2) identificar cuál de estos predictores explicaba mejor la probabilidad que los participantes presentan riesgo de caída. Un total de 701 participantes (433 mujeres) con una edad media de 70,4 ± 6,9 años. La sarcopenia se determinó de acuerdo con las guías más recientes del Grupo de trabajo europeo (EWGSOP2). La prevalencia de caídas y el nivel de AF se evaluaron mediante cuestionarios. El riesgo de caídas se evaluó mediante la escala Fullerton Advance Balance (FAB). Este estudio proporciona evidencia de que las mujeres (OR: 2,5, p <0,001), las personas mayores (OR: 1,1 p <0,001) y las personas que habían identificado sarcopenia (OR: 2,9 p <0,001) y un nivel más bajo de AP (OR: 2,9 p <0,001), tenían más probabilidades de presentar riesgo de caídas. Se discuten las implicaciones para el envejecimiento vulnerable.

scholarly journals ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG OLDER PARTICIPANTS FROM THE MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT STUDY (MACS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S549-S549
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Schrack ◽  
Todd T Brown ◽  
Joseph B Margolick
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Function ◽  
Lower Physical Activity

Abstract Energy utilization becomes more inefficient with age and is linked to low physical activity and functional decline. Persons aging with HIV exhibit accelerated functional decline, but the effect of chronic HIV infection on energy utilization and free-living physical activity remains unclear. We investigated cross-sectional associations between age and: resting metabolic rate, peak walking energy (VO2), and 7-day physical activity by accelerometry in 100 men in the MACS (age: 60.8+/-6.8 years, 35% black, 46.1% HIV+, 94% virally suppressed). In multivariable regression models adjusted for age, BMI, race, chronic conditions, and HIV viral load, HIV+ men had a higher resting metabolic rate (β=103.2 kcals/day, p=0.03) and lower peak walking VO2 (β=-1.8 ml/kg/min, p&lt;0.02) than HIV- men. Moreover, HIV+ men demonstrated lower physical activity, overall and by time of day (p&lt;0.05). These results suggest that energy utilization differs by HIV serostatus, which may contribute to lower physical activity and function with aging.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia and Predictors of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Elderly Men With and Without Obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141771363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Stoever ◽  
Anke Heber ◽  
Sabine Eichberg ◽  
Klara Brixius
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
European Working ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Definition Of

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the variables which show the highest association with muscle mass and to identify the most important predictors for muscle mass in elderly men with and without sarcopenia. Methods: A total of 71 men participated, aged ≥65 years. Sarcopenia was assessed using the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People with determining skeletal muscle index (SMI), hand-grip strength (HGS), and Short Physical Performance Battery. In addition, maximum strength at upper and lower extremities and physical activity were measured. Results: Strong correlations existed between SMI and gait speed, HGS, maximum isometric strength at leg and chest press. Physical activity showed low correlations with muscle strength. Regression analysis revealed HGS and gait speed as key predictors for SMI. Discussion: The recommendation is measuring gait speed and HGS in clinical practice at first followed by measuring muscle mass for determining sarcopenia.

scholarly journals The influence of physical activity on balance, risk and fear of fall in the elderly / A influência da atividade física no equilíbrio, risco e medo de queda em idosos

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 104641-104655
Author(s):  
Rafael Lima Da Silva ◽  
Cleidenice dos Santos Orssatto ◽  
Aylton José Figueira Junior ◽  
Leonardo Emmanuel de Medeiros Lima ◽  
José Garcia de Brito-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Risk Of Fall ◽  
Fear Of Falls ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

The purpose is to evaluate possible relationships between the level of structured physical exercise and the risk of falls in the elderly. The volunteers were elderly of both genders aged from 60 to 70 years old, sorted into 3 groups, which were: Structured Exercise Group (SEG); Sufficiently Active Group (SAG); Insufficiently Active Group (IAG). For data collecting, validated tools were used, being the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I-BRASIL) and Test Up and Go (TUG) for the level of physical activity, risk of fall, and mobility, respectively. In addition, perimetry of the abdomen, waist, and hip were collected, in addition to body mass and height. It was found that the level of physical activity is directly related to the fear of falls and that the exercises structured by a professional and Physical Education further reduce this fear.

Investigating the function spiral in later life: Aging attitudes, physical activity, and gait

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 1955-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda R Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Reduce Activity ◽  
Aging Attitudes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Spiral Model ◽  
The Impact

This study tests the Function Spiral Model, which proposes that functional decline often occurs prematurely: negative aging attitudes reduce activity engagement, which then advances functional decline via physical deconditioning. A total of 89 adults aged 61–96 ( M = 77) years completed a questionnaire assessing aging attitudes and physical activity and participated in a follow-up assessment of gait/balance and function. Results supported the process model: physical activity mediated the impact of negative aging attitudes on gait/balance, and gait/balance mediated the impact of physical activity on function. Findings highlight multiple points of intervention that could mitigate the acceleration of functional decline in later life.

scholarly journals Chronic heart failure reduces Akt phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle: relationship to muscle size and function

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 892-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Toth ◽  
Kimberly Ward ◽  
Jos van der Velden ◽  
Mark S. Miller ◽  
Peter VanBuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Disease Exacerbation ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
And Function

Patients with chronic heart failure (HF) frequently lose muscle mass and function during the course of the disease. A reduction in anabolic stimuli to the muscle has been put forth as a potential mechanism underlying these alterations. The present study examined the hypothesis that skeletal muscle tissue from HF patients would show reduced IGF-1 expression and phosphorylation of signaling molecules downstream of receptor activation. To isolate the unique effect of HF on these variables, we limited the confounding effects of muscle disuse and/or acute disease exacerbation by recruiting controls ( n = 11) with similar physical activity levels as HF patients ( n = 11) and by testing patients at least 6 mo following any bouts of disease exacerbation/hospitalization. IGF-1 expression in skeletal muscle was similar between patients and controls. Despite this, HF patients were characterized by reduced levels of phospho-Akt/Akt (S473; −43%; P < 0.05), whereas no differences were found in total Akt protein content or phospho- or total protein content of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; S2448), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β; S9), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein-1 (eIF4E-BP; T37/46), p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70 S6K; T389), or eIF2Bε (S540). Reduced phospho-Akt/Akt levels and phospho-mTOR/mTOR were related to decreased skeletal muscle myosin protein content ( r = 0.602; P < 0.02) and knee extensor isometric torque ( r = 0.550; P < 0.05), respectively. Because patients and controls were similar for age, muscle mass, and physical activity, we ascribe the observed alterations in Akt phosphorylation and its relationship to myosin protein content to the unique effects of the HF syndrome.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia (literature review)

2019 ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Povoroznyuk ◽  
Nataliia Dzerovych
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
European Working ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

Today, when it comes to geriatric syndromes, scientists pay an extraordinary amount of attention to sarcopenia, due to its significant medical and social consequences of the condition. It has been established that in the presence of sarcopenia the risk of falls and fractures increases, daily physical activity decreases. It is associated with pathologies of the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs, and cognitive impairment; quality of life is made worse, patients with sarcopenia need extraneous help. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies significantly (5-70%) depending on age, gender and ethnicity. In 2009, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) was set up to actively develop definitions and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. In 2010, a first consensus was published on the definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia, in 2019, the consensus was updated. According to the latest revision of EWGSOP consensus, sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disease that is associated with an increased risk of falls, fractures, impaired physical activity and mortality. The review of the EWGSOP consensus is driven by the significant increase of the number of sarcopenia studies in the world, and the emergence of new data on the epidemiology, mechanisms of development, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the condition. To date, sarcopenia is considered a disorder. In 2016, the diagnosis of sarcopenia was formally included in the supplemented 10th International Classification of Diseases under the code M 62.84. This article presents data on the epidemiology of sarcopenia, describes the mechanisms of development, outlines the latest recommendations for the diagnosis of sarcopenia according to the 2019 EWGSOP consensus, as well as methods for the prevention and treatment of the disease. Key words: sarcopenia, muscle, age. For citation: Povoroznyuk VV, Dzerovych NI. Sarcopenia (LITERATURE REVIEW). Journal of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2019;25(3):321–31

scholarly journals A Research on Functional Status, Environmental Conditions, and Risk of Falls in Dementia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Ataollahi Eshkoor ◽  
Tengku Aizan Hamid ◽  
Siti Sa’adiah Hassan Nudin ◽  
Chan Yoke Mun
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Of Falls

This study aimed to determine the effects of disability, physical activity, and functional status as well as environmental conditions on the risk of falls among the elderly with dementia after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Data were derived from a group including 1210 Malaysian elderly who were demented and noninstitutionalized. The study was a national cross-sectional survey that was entitled “Determinants of Health Status among Older Malaysians.” Approximately 17% of subjects experienced falls. The results showed that ethnic non-Malay(OR=1.73)and functional decline(OR=1.67)significantly increased the risk of falls in samples (P<0.05). The findings indicated that increased environmental quality(OR=0.64)significantly decreased the risk of falls (P<0.05). Disability, age, marital status, educational level, sex differences, and physical activity were found irrelevant to the likelihood of falls in subjects (P>0.05). It was concluded that functional decline and ethnic non-Malay increased the risk of falls but the increased environmental quality reduced falls.

scholarly journals Mid-calf skeletal muscle density and its associations with physical activity, bone health and incident 12-month falls in older adults: The Healthy Ageing Initiative

Bone ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Scott ◽  
Jonas Johansson ◽  
Lachlan B. McMillan ◽  
Peter R. Ebeling ◽  
Anna Nordstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Muscle Density ◽  
Falls In Older Adults

scholarly journals Association of Diet Quality with Low Muscle Mass-Function in Korean Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikyeong Jung ◽  
Saejong Park ◽  
Hyesook Kim ◽  
Oran Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Age Related ◽  
European Working ◽  
And Function ◽  
Korean Elderly

There is a growing body of evidence that links nutrition to muscle mass and function in the elderly, suggesting that it has an important role to play both in the prevention and management of age-related sarcopenia. Some nutrients have been studied, but less is known about the influence of overall diet quality on the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. This study investigated the interrelationship between the recommended food score (RFS), as an indicator of overall diet quality, and muscle mass function among the Korean elderly. The sample consisted of 521 participants (263 men and 258 women), aged >65 years, who participated in the 2014–2015 National Fitness Award project. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Low muscle mass was defined as having an ASM corrected for height lower than the cutoff value established by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Muscle function, assessed by handgrip strength (HGS), was defined as low if it was below the 20th percentile of elderly men and women. Low muscle mass-function, defined as low muscle mass with low muscle strength (HGS), was found in 29 men (11.0%) and 22 women (8.5%). In elderly men, the low muscle mass-function group had significantly lower RFS values than the normal group after adjustments for age, body fat percentage, drinking, smoking, education, and physical activity (p = 0.019). However, there was no association between RFS and muscle mass-function in elderly women. Our findings suggest that better diet quality may be associated with higher muscle mass in elderly Korean men.

scholarly journals Clonal expansion of mitochondrial DNA deletions is a private mechanism of ageing in long-lived animals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Narayanan Lakshmanan ◽  
Zhuangli Yee ◽  
Li Fang Ng ◽  
Rudiyanto Gunawan ◽  
Barry Halliwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Mtdna Mutation ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Mtdna Deletions ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
And Function

SummaryDisruption of mitochondrial metabolism and loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity are widely considered as evolutionarily conserved (public) mechanisms of ageing (López-Otín et al. 2013). Human ageing is associated with loss in skeletal muscle mass and function (Sarcopenia), contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Muscle ageing is associated with loss of mtDNA integrity. In humans, clonally expanded mtDNA deletions co-localize with sites of fiber-breakage and atrophy in skeletal muscle. mtDNA deletions may therefore play an important, possibly causal role in sarcopenia. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans also exhibits age-dependent decline in mitochondrial function and a form of sarcopenia. However, it is unclear if mtDNA deletions play a role in C. elegans ageing. Here we report identification of 266 novel mtDNA deletions in ageing nematodes. Analysis of the mtDNA mutation spectrum and quantification of mutation burden indicates that (1) mtDNA deletions in nematode is extremely rare, (2) there is no significant age-dependent increase in mtDNA deletions and (3) there is little evidence for clonal expansion driving mtDNA deletion dynamics. Thus, mtDNA deletions are unlikely to drive the age-dependent functional decline commonly observed in C. elegans. Computational modelling of mtDNA dynamics in C. elegans indicates that the lifespan of short-lived animals such as C. elegans is likely too short to allow for significant clonal expansion of mtDNA deletions. Together, these findings suggest that clonal expansion of mtDNA deletions is likely a private mechanism of ageing predominantly relevant in long-lived animals such as humans and rhesus monkey and possibly in rodents.

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