scholarly journals Análisis ético de los deportes electrónicos: ¿un paso atrás respecto al deporte tradicional? (Ethical analysis of esports: a step backwards compared to traditional sports?)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 433-443
Author(s):  
Antonio Bascón-Seda ◽  
Gonzalo Ramírez Macías
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Development ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Authentic Existence ◽  
Traditional Sports ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Special Approach ◽  
The Individual

  Los deportes electrónicos, también conocidos como esports, son un rompedor fenómeno basado en competiciones deportivas en las que el ser humano desarrolla y entrena capacidades mentales y físicas bajo el uso de videojuegos competitivos. Su especial acercamiento a las nuevas generaciones ha creado cierta preocupación social sobre la educación, concretamente ética, que ofrece esta manifestación a los más jóvenes. Apoyados en la corriente hermenéutica, nuestro objetivo es analizar, desde un prisma ético, el fenómeno de los esports y como pueden contribuir, están contribuyendo o podrían contribuir a que sus practicantes tengan una vida plena. Entre los elementos analizados encontramos el proceso de virtualización, la corporalidad, la libertad, la virtud, el autoconocimiento o la violencia. Tras el análisis, se puede concluir que esta preocupación y crítica socialmente asentada no está fundamentada pues los deportes electrónicos pueden contribuir a un desarrollo ético del individuo y, con éste, a su educación. De esta forma, el desarrollo ético del sujeto contribuye al desarrollo ético de la sociedad. Algunos aspectos desarrollados pueden las concepciones de corporalidad, género y feminismo, la democratización de la competición humana, la disonancia entre la realidad y la virtualidad, la concepción de la agresividad, la violencia y la catarsis, la idea de libertad como existencia auténtica o las implicaciones del juego y del deporte en la humanidad.  Abstract: Electronic sports, also known as esports, are a groundbreaking phenomenon based on sports competitions in which the human beings develops and trains mental and physical abilities using competitive videogames. Its special approach to the new generations has created certain social concern about education, specifically ethics, which this manifestation offers to the youngest. Supported by the hermeneutical current, our objective is to analyse, from an ethical prism, the phenomenon of esports and how they can contribute, are contributing or could contribute to their practitioners having a fulfilling life. Among the analysed elements we find the process of virtualization, corporeality, freedom, virtue, self-knowledge or violence. After the analysis, it can be concluded that this socially based concern and criticism is not founded, since electronic sports can contribute to an ethical development of the individual and, with this, to his education. In this way, the ethical development of the subject contributes to the ethical development of society. Some aspects developed can be the conceptions of corporeality, gender and feminism, the democratization of human competition, the dissonance between reality and virtuality, the conception of aggressiveness, violence and catharsis, the idea of freedom as authentic existence or the implications of the game and sport in humanity.

scholarly journals Goods and property as subject and object of accounting: economic, legal and philosophical aspects

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Volodymyr HOLOVACH ◽  
Tetiana HOLOVACH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The issue of the subject and objects of accounting are constantly in the center of attention of scientists and is being investigated in various aspects. At the same time the conducted researches are predominantly sustainable and don't exceed the traditional accounting concepts and ideas. It is the definition of the content of the object and the subject of accounting as a science that doesn't agree with the philosophical concept of the interaction of the subject with the object in cognitive activity process. Traditionally in accounting publications the idea of the subject is considered more meaningful than the idea of the object. At the same time the various economic resources, means, sources of their formation, etc. are included to the category of objects. Considering these comments, in the article with using the achievements of modern gnosiology, economic theory, scientific concepts of accounting an attempt is made to determine the content of its subject and objects. With this purpose the analysis of existing researches on the issues of accounting subject and objects in regard to their relationship with the categories of goods and property is done. According to the conceptual provisions of gnosiology, the phenomena and processes of economic activity in regard to accounting in the aspect of interaction of subject with the object are primary, and the acquired knowledge about them is secondary. Therefore it is logical to call the knowledge in regard to goods and property as the subject of accounting as a science. This doesn't contradict the fact that the individual phenomena and processes of economic activity in regard to their self-knowledge can be studied as an object, and the results of scientific research can be called subject when agreement with their inherent commercial properties and property relations, which in their totality form the subject of accounting as a science.

Reading Plato’s Mind

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Tad Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Personal Knowledge ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The Individual

This chapter distinguishes two Platonic interests in self-knowledge: the ‘thin’ self-knowledge that a human being is a rational soul using its body as a tool (the Delphic self-knowledge made prominent in the Phaedrus, First Alcibiades, and elsewhere), and the ‘thick’ self-knowledge of the particular accidental psychological profile of an individual. The two are contrasted in four ways: the thin applies to the entire species, makes no reference to irrational parts, offers no etiology of contingencies, and makes no special use of first-personal knowledge; the thick applies to individuals, incorporates details about the irrational soul, explains the individual through a narrative of the events that shaped them, and is first-personal in making the object of self-knowledge identical with the subject of that self-knowledge. This richer, thicker form of self-knowledge is illustrated with extensive examples from the Republic and Seventh Letter.

scholarly journals (RE)VER O MUNDO PARA LER O ESPAÇO: EXISTÊNCIA E (AUTO)CONHECIMENTO NA GEOGRAFIA HUMANISTA

GEOgraphia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (51) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Roberto Bernardes de Souza Júnior ◽  
Maria Geralda de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Humanistic Geography ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Knowledge

A considerar as proposições da fenomenologia existencialista, principalmente respaldada em Merleau-Ponty, o texto analisa as possibilidades explicativas acerca das lógicas vigentes na prática de pesquisa dos geógrafos humanistas. Por meio do conceito de mundo e de sua inseparabilidade do sujeito que nele se insere, visa-se decifrar as espacialidades do cotidiano e compreender as maneiras pelas quais os seres humanos vivem em sua geograficidade. A metodologia empregada foi revisão bibliográfica e correlação com as teorias da fenomenologia. Entende-se que é fundamental a adoção de uma postura de aventura e curiosidade em relação ao cosmo em que o geógrafo se insere para que seja possível ler efetivamente o espaço.Palavras-chave: fenomenologia; ser-no-mundo; geograficidade. (RE)VIEW THE WORLD TO READ THE SPACE: EXISTENCE AND (SELF)KNOWLEDGE AT HUMANISTIC GEOGRAPHY Abstract: Considering the propositions of existentialist phenomenology, mainly based on Merleau-Ponty, the text analyzes the explicative possibilities of the major logics at the humanistic geography practices are analyzed. By the means of the concept of world and its inseparability from the subject that inserts itself into it, it attempts to unravel the spacialities of daily life and comprehend the ways in which human beings live their geographycity. The used methodology was bibliographical revision and correlation to phenomenological theories. It its understood that the assumption of an adventurous and curious posture in relation to the cosmos where the geographer is fundamental in order to read effectively the space.Keywords: phenomenology; being-in-the-world; geographicality. (RE)VUE LE MONDE POUR LIRE L’ESPACE : EXISTENCE ET (AUTO)CONNAISSANCE A LA GEOGRAPHIE HUMANISTE Résumé: Au considérer les propositions de la phénoménologie existentialiste, particulièrement cette appuyée en Merleau-Ponty, cet essai analyse les possibilités explicatives sur les logiques en vigueur dans les pratiques de recherche des géographes humanistes. Á travers du concept de monde et de son inséparabilité avec le sujet qui est dessus, on vise déchiffrer les spatialités du quotidien et comprendre les façons par lesquelles les êtres humains vivent en son géographicité. Les méthodologies utilisées ont été le révision bibliographique et corrélation avec les théories de la phénoménologie. On entend que l’adoption d’une posture de curiosité et aventure en relation au cosmo où le géographe est inséré est fondamental pour la possibilité de lire effectivement l’espace.Mots-clé: phénoménologie; être-au-monde; géographicité.  

scholarly journals Melampaui Kedirian Identitas Batak Melalui Ritual dan Sejarah Masyarakatnya Atas Inspirasi Levinas

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-189
Author(s):  
Maria Anggreini Grace Kelly Habeahan ◽  
Ruth Florescia Simanjuntak ◽  
Rustono Farady Marta
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Original Condition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Interpretive Paradigm ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

This study aims to determine the identity and selfhood of each Batak community towards the messages conveyed by their ancestors to be applied in the daily life of the Batak community. The research uses an interpretive paradigm, which views social reality as something dynamic, processed and full of subjective meaning. Social reality is nothing but a social construct. The author describes the Batak community's construction of the philosophy passed down from their ancestors in the life of individual relations with their groups. Qualitative research leads to the original condition the subject is in. The results of this study have revealed that every dialogue that is displayed has the identity of the Batak tribe that has been created due to infinite things that can transcend human beings and continue to be carried out across generations. This belief is repeated from each generation to be applied to their descendants for every ancestral message, traditional rituals, and history of the Batak community to give identity to selfhood as an individual of the Batak tribe. The conclusion is to find things that are not visible, that do not exist in this program to explain the identity of the Batak people. What transcends the individual into what does not exist is an identity for Batak society. The principle of living with the Batak philosophy, and the consequences of not doing it, is the reason every individual is trapped in having to carry out a culture like it or not as Batak society.

Behaviourism in the social sciences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rom Harre
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Direct Reflection

Classical behaviourism has had almost no direct reflection in the social sciences, in that there has never been a behaviourist social psychology or sociology. However, various features of the cluster of behaviourist doctrines have been widespread in the human sciences. Behaviourism as it developed from its roots in the proposals of Watson, and in its transformation by Skinner, had two influential aspects, one metaphysical and the other methodological. The metaphysics of behaviourism was positivistic. It was hostile to theory, favouring a psychology the subject matter of which was limited to stimuli and responses. It was hospitable to the conception of causation as regular concomitance of events, rejecting any generative or agent causal concepts. The methodology of behaviourism was hospitable to simple experimental techniques of inquiry, seeking statistical relations between independent and dependent variables. It was hostile to descriptions of human action that incorporated the intentions of the actor, favouring a laconic vocabulary of neologisms. Metaphysically and methodologically behaviourism favoured the individual as the locus of psychological phenomena. But, in practice, the use of statistical analyses of data abstracted psychological processes from real human beings leaving only simplified automata in their place.

scholarly journals The epistemological moment of the search for the subject-object relationship in the formation of the religious experience of the individual

1998 ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Kalmykov
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Self ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Meaningful Existence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Object Relationship

Religious experience differs from the empirical experience of the subject by psychologicality, the transcendental vitality of understanding objective phenomena. The main criterion of a person's religious experience is his belief in the truth of the existing a priori and the interrelations of things and phenomena of the objective and subjective world revealed to him in personal experience. Faith is a sense of the interconnection between the subject and the object, which has an experienced transcendental character. Human experience in this respect acts as a factor in the disclosure of depth and effectiveness: a subject-object relationship accepted on faith: the disclosure of the meaning and directions of its development relative to the object of faith; as a set of acts of self-knowledge in the context of the existence of the object and, only thanks to the object of faith, brought into a whole, meaningful existence. Thus, the self-knowledge of a person depends, first of all, on the choice of an object of faith for him, as the meaning of his development.

scholarly journals Re-humanising Coriolanus: Community and the ethical self

Sederi ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 85-107
Author(s):  
Mª Luisa Pascual Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Materialism ◽  
Ethical Choice ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Inherent Nature ◽  
The Individual

In this article I analyse subjectivity in Coriolanus taking as a starting point the traditional antagonism between essentialist humanism and cultural materialism. While mainstream humanism has approached Shakespeare’s plays stressing the transcendental nature and autonomy of the subject, cultural materialism has challenged that assumption by underscoring the actual lack of freedom of the individual whose actual choices are determined not by the inherent nature of the hero but by social and political forces. My aim is to try to bridge the gap between two seemingly divergent ways of understanding subjectivity by adopting a more sceptical form of humanism, which is based on both the acceptance of the limits and the vulnerability of human beings (Mousley 2007) and recent developments in communitarian theory and biopolitics (Nancy 1991, Agambem 1995, Butler 2006, Esposito 2012). I contend that Coriolanus is an embodiment of humanity, a singular being capable of making an ethical choice at the risk of his own death.

Differential Effects of Competence and Morality on Self-Esteem at the Individual and the Collective Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Wiktor Soral ◽  
Mirosław Kofta
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The importance of various trait dimensions explaining positive global self-esteem has been the subject of numerous studies. While some have provided support for the importance of agency, others have highlighted the importance of communion. This discrepancy can be explained, if one takes into account that people define and value their self both in individual and in collective terms. Two studies ( N = 367 and N = 263) examined the extent to which competence (an aspect of agency), morality, and sociability (the aspects of communion) promote high self-esteem at the individual and the collective level. In both studies, competence was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the individual level, whereas morality was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the collective level.

The Autobiographical Subject and the Death Penalty

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187
Author(s):  
E. S. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
First Person ◽  
Philosophical Investigation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Why does writing of the death penalty demand the first-person treatment that it also excludes? The article investigates the role played by the autobiographical subject in Derrida's The Death Penalty, Volume I, where the confessing ‘I’ doubly supplements the philosophical investigation into what Derrida sees as a trend toward the worldwide abolition of the death penalty: first, to bring out the harmonies or discrepancies between the individual subject's beliefs, anxieties, desires and interests with respect to the death penalty and the state's exercise of its sovereignty in applying it; and second, to provide a new definition of the subject as haunted, as one that has been, but is no longer, subject to the death penalty, in the light of the worldwide abolition currently underway.

“Utopia First!” A Machiavellian Conception of Solidarity in More's Utopia

Moreana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (Number 209) (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Phélippeau
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Communal Organization

This paper shows how solidarity is one of the founding principles in Thomas More's Utopia (1516). In the fictional republic of Utopia described in Book II, solidarity has a political and a moral function. The principle is at the center of the communal organization of Utopian society, exemplified in a number of practices such as the sharing of farm work, the management of surplus crops, or the democratic elections of the governor and the priests. Not only does solidarity benefit the individual Utopian, but it is a prerequisite to ensure the prosperity of the island of Utopia and its moral preeminence over its neighboring countries. However, a limit to this principle is drawn when the republic of Utopia faces specific social difficulties, and also deals with the rest of the world. In order for the principle of solidarity to function perfectly, it is necessary to apply it exclusively within the island or the republic would be at risk. War is not out of the question then, and compassion does not apply to all human beings. This conception of solidarity, summed up as “Utopia first!,” could be dubbed a Machiavellian strategy, devised to ensure the durability of the republic. We will show how some of the recommendations of Realpolitik made by Machiavelli in The Prince (1532) correspond to the Utopian policy enforced to protect their commonwealth.

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