scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIASI WAKTU EKSTRAKSI α-SELULOSA DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN MIKROKRISTALIN α-SELULOSA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aulia Muliana Harahap ◽  
Ika Ucha Pradifta
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Palm Frond

The study about the supply of α-cellulose from palm frond as  a raw material for microcrystalline α-cellulose by hydrolysis method using nitric acid (HNO3), sodium nitrite (NaNO2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), sodium hypoclorite (NaOCl), aquadest (H2O, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was aiming to find out α-cellulose produced at the extraction time variation (minutes) approximately 90, 100, 110, 120, and 130, respectively. The parameter analysis of α-cellulose from palm oil frond as raw material for producing microcrystalline α-cellulose includes analysis of water content, α-cellulose yield, morphological analysis of α-celluloseyield, morphological analysis of α-cellulose by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), Fourier analysis Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) α-cellulose, and analysis of linitas with XRD (X-Ray Powder Diffraction) α-cellulose. The results showed that the best extraction time was 100 minutes with the results of the parameter analysis as follows: yield of 40.59%, water content of 1.332% and already fulfilling the Indonesian Industry Standards. The results of the characterization using FT-IR showed that α-cellulose amorphous from was characterized by 2 maximum peaks of 20 = 22o, 20o. The crystalline index was 22.48%. While the results of SEM showed the morphology of α-cellulose which was not spread evenly yet.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Ln-Aminophthalate Photoluminescent Coordination Polymers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
Carla Queirós ◽  
Chen Sun ◽  
Ana M. G. Silva ◽  
Baltazar de Castro ◽  
Juan Cabanillas-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The development of straightforward reproducible methods for the preparation of new photoluminescent coordination polymers (CPs) is an important goal in luminescence and chemical sensing fields. Isophthalic acid derivatives have been reported for a wide range of applications, and in addition to their relatively low cost, have encouraged its use in the preparation of novel lanthanide-based coordination polymers (LnCPs). Considering that the photoluminescent properties of these CPs are highly dependent on the existence of water molecules in the crystal structure, our research efforts are now focused on the preparation of CP with the lowest water content possible, while considering a green chemistry approach. One- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) LnCPs were prepared from 5-aminoisophthalic acid and Sm3+/Tb3+ using hydrothermal and/or microwave-assisted synthesis. The unprecedented LnCPs were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCRXD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied in the solid state, at room temperature, using the CPs as powders and encapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA) films, envisaging the potential preparation of devices for sensing. The materials revealed interesting PL properties that depend on the dimensionality, metal ion, co-ligand used and water content.

Synthesis and Performance of Porous TiO2

2011 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen Zhang ◽  
Hong Yan Wu ◽  
Min Cong Zhu ◽  
En Qiang Wang ◽  
Deng Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Microwave Irradiation Method ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photo Catalyst ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
And Performance

A composite photo-catalyst of nano-TiO2 (TIO) grafted in the pores of expanded graphite (EG) was prepared by a process that included microwave irradiation method and hydrolysis method directly. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the structure and the chemical structure of the photo-catalyst. The results indicate that expanded graphite had a unique net-like pores structure and nano TiO2 was loaded on EG to form EG/ TiO2 (EGTIO) composite photo-catalyst.

Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectrum Characteristics of Synthetic Zeolite A

2013 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu Zhang ◽  
Chun Ying Zhang ◽  
Feng Zhan ◽  
Nan Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Synthetic Zeolite ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Spectrum Characteristics

Synthesis of zeolite A by the use of natural materials (naturally stellerite) has been achieved without template agent. The final product was tested with X-ray diffraction, which was identified as the zeolite A. Then, the raw material and each step product were tested with Fourier Transformation Infrared (FT-IR). Comparing their FT-IR, we analyzed their spectrum characteristics, differences and reasons.

Preparation of High Pure and Micron-Sized α-Al2O3 Powder by Activated Aluminium Hydrolysis Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Tao ◽  
Yu Tao Zhao ◽  
Zhi Hong Jia ◽  
Liang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, high pure α-Al2O3 powder is prepared through active hydrolysis by using high pure aluminum as raw material . Using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, laser particle size analyzer and ICP-OES to research the phase transitions, organizational structure, particle size distribution and the purity of the α-Al2O3 powder. The results show that: the high pure α-Al2O3 powder have micrometer level of the size, good dispersion and purity of 5N under atomization, hydrolysis reaction and calcination at 1200°C for three hours.

scholarly journals Thermal behavior of calcite as an expansive agent

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.K. Shahraki ◽  
B. Mehrabi ◽  
K. Gholizadeh ◽  
M. Mohammadinasab
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Expansive Agent ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Dta Curves

In this paper, thermal behavior of calcite as raw material of CaO-based expansive agent was investigated. The products were characterized by using differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). DTA curves show that calcite has endothermic peak and impurity affects the onset of reactions. The more the impurity increases, the more energy changes increase. At 800-900?C, calcite was decomposed into solid calcium oxide (CaO) and gaseous CO2. Lime (CaO) used as the base of expandable material is the ultimate product of heated calcite. The calcium oxide phase, in reaction to water forms portlandite, at an onset temperature of about 900?C was also characterized by the appearance of the FT-IR mode at 867,3424 and 3644 cm-1. XRD results show that quartz impurity in calcite samples at 900?C forms larnite phase (Ca2SiO4). The expansions are mainly generated from the hydrations of CaO in the CaO-type expansive agent.

scholarly journals Modifikasi Katalis CaO Untuk Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Bekas

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
St. Annisa Gani Rachim ◽  
Indah Raya ◽  
Muhammad Zakir
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Astm D6751

Research about modification of CaO catalyst to produce biodiesel has done. This research aims to know the effectiveness of CaO-ZnCl2 belong to ASTM D6751 to get a yield biodiesel.  Modification of the CaO with ZnCl2 was conducted by impregnation method using methanol and n-hexane. For synthesis biodiesel, methanol is used as solvent and Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) as raw material. Ratio molar of WCO and methanol is 12:1 with 3% CaO-ZnCl2 added.  This reaction is carried out at a temperature of 65oC. the biodiesel is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) to determine the presence of ester groups formed. The yield percentage of biodiesel produced is 77.94%. The characterization of biodiesel properties consist of acid number is 73.38 mg KOH/g, density is 0.9038 and water content is 0.0053%.

Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Process of Tannin from Mangrove Propagules Waste as Natural Dye for Coloring Batik tulis

2019 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prima A. Handayani ◽  
Achmad Chafidz ◽  
Nur Salsabilah Ramadani ◽  
Dewi Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Natural Dye ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ft Ir

Mangrove propagule waste is one of the biomass wastes that decays fast, hence it can pollute the environment. Mangrove propagule contains 30.43% tannin, and thus it has high potential to be used as a natural dye for coloringBatik Tulis. Unfortunately, this raw material has not been utilized optimally. The objective of this study is to extract tannin substances from mangrove propagules by using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The effects of solvent types (i.e. ethanol and distilled water), material-solvent ratio, extraction time and temperature on the yield of tannin obtained have also been investigated. The extraction results were analyzed by FT-IR to determine the presence of tannin contained in the dyes. The extraction results showed that the optimum yield of etanol solvent was 27.5%, which occured at material-solvent ratio of 0.04 g/ml, extraction time of 30 minutes, and temperature of 60°C. Whereas, the distilled water produced 22.7% yield of tannin, which also occured at material and solvent ratio 0.04 g/ml, extraction time of 30 minutes, and temperature of 80°C. Additionally, FT-IR analysis of tannin extract from mangrove propagules with etanol and distilled water showed the presence of hydroxyl groups (O-H), groups (C-H), C = C groups, and C-O groups.

Characterization the Raw Material of Filler in Cellulose Film

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 482-485
Author(s):  
Anusorn Montree ◽  
Kanyakorn Teanchai ◽  
Wichian Siriprom
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Major Element ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Chicken Eggshell ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The aim of this study is preliminary survey the natural material and investigates physicochemical properties of cellulose and chicken eggshell. The chickeneggshell as natural material which used as film filler in the cellulose/CaCO3 biocomposite. The potential and the possibilities of chicken eggshell to use as filler were studied with three conventional analysis techniques, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. It was found that the structural of chicken eggshell have calcites phase and the structural of cellulose have amorphous crystalline phase while the chemical composition of both material were investigated by EDXRF which show the organic compound as major element in cellulose but in chicken eggshell the major element is organic compound and calcium (Ca) element. The deeply investigate molecular composition by FT-IR which show the characteristic feature have been studied.

Fabrication of Needle Nano-ZnO in the Pores of Expanded Graphite

2011 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen Zhang ◽  
Hong Yan Wu ◽  
Min Cong Zhu ◽  
Song Jian Zhao ◽  
Deng Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Composite Photocatalyst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Photo Catalyst ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

A composite photocatalyst of needle nano-ZnO grafted in the pores of expanded graphite (EG) was prepared by a process of hydrolysis method directly, in which the expanded graphite was prepared by microwave irradiation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope (FT-IR) were used to characterize the structure and the chemical structure of the photo-catalyst. The results indicate that expanded graphite had a unique net-like pores structure and needle nano-ZnO was loaded on EG to form EG/ZnO composite photo-catalyst.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan tulang ikan kambing-kambing (Abalistes stellaris) sebagai sumber kalsium pada produk tepung tulang ikan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Asmaul Husna ◽  
Lia Handayani ◽  
Fauzi Syahputra
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Protein Hydrolysis ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Bone Water ◽  
Valuable Product

Tulang ikan kambing-kambing salah satu limbah padat yang masih menjadi hasil samping yang belum dimanfaatkan. Tulang ikan kambing-kambing merupakan salah satu limbah padat yang sangat berpotensi sebagai salah satu sumber kalsium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan tulang ikan kambing-kambing  menjadi produk yang bernilai ekonomis dan sumber kalsium. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hidrolisis protein untuk mengetahui karakteristik bahan baku tulang ikan kambing-kambing dan proksimat (kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar abu), kalsium dan nilai FTIR tepung tulang ikan kambing-kambing  yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstraksi basa NaOH dengan perbedaan konsentrasi yaitu 1N, 1,5N dan 2N. Nilai rendemen yang didapatkan adalah 7,55%, 12,94% dan 10,96%. Nilai kadar air yang didapatkan adalah 3,79%,  4,15% dan 3,87%. Nilai kadar lemak adalah 0,12%, 0,11% dan 0,10%. Nilai kadar abu yang didapatkan adalah 90,05 %, 88,76% dan 87,52%. Nilai kalsium yang didapatkan adalah 31,83 %, 35,75% dan 32,33%. Pengujian FTIR menunjukkan pada tepung tulang ikan kambing-kambing terdapat kalsium.Kata kunci: ekstraksi; kalsium; ikan kambing-kambing (Abalistes stellaris) Starry triggerfish bone is one of the solid waste, which is a by-product that has not been utilized. It has great potential as a source of calcium. This research aims to utilize starry triggerfish bone to be a valuable product and source of calcium. This research used the protein hydrolysis method to determine the characteristic of raw material and proximate of starry triggerfish bone (water, fat and ash content), calcium and FTIR values of starry triggerfish bone meal. This research uses NaOH base extraction with different concentrations of 1N, 5N and 2N. The yield value obtained were 7,55%, 12,4% and 10,96%. The values of water content obtained were 3,7%, 4,15% and 3,87%. The value of fat content were 0,12%, 0,11% and 0,10%. Ash content values obtained were 90,05%, 88,76% and 87,52%. Calcium values obtained were 31,83%, 35,75% and 32,33%. FTIR testing showed that the bone meal of starry triggerfish contained calcium.Keywords: extraction; calcium; starry triggerfish (Abalistes stellaris)

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