scholarly journals Pemanfaatan tulang ikan kambing-kambing (Abalistes stellaris) sebagai sumber kalsium pada produk tepung tulang ikan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Asmaul Husna ◽  
Lia Handayani ◽  
Fauzi Syahputra
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Protein Hydrolysis ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Bone Water ◽  
Valuable Product

Tulang ikan kambing-kambing salah satu limbah padat yang masih menjadi hasil samping yang belum dimanfaatkan. Tulang ikan kambing-kambing merupakan salah satu limbah padat yang sangat berpotensi sebagai salah satu sumber kalsium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan tulang ikan kambing-kambing  menjadi produk yang bernilai ekonomis dan sumber kalsium. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hidrolisis protein untuk mengetahui karakteristik bahan baku tulang ikan kambing-kambing dan proksimat (kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar abu), kalsium dan nilai FTIR tepung tulang ikan kambing-kambing  yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstraksi basa NaOH dengan perbedaan konsentrasi yaitu 1N, 1,5N dan 2N. Nilai rendemen yang didapatkan adalah 7,55%, 12,94% dan 10,96%. Nilai kadar air yang didapatkan adalah 3,79%,  4,15% dan 3,87%. Nilai kadar lemak adalah 0,12%, 0,11% dan 0,10%. Nilai kadar abu yang didapatkan adalah 90,05 %, 88,76% dan 87,52%. Nilai kalsium yang didapatkan adalah 31,83 %, 35,75% dan 32,33%. Pengujian FTIR menunjukkan pada tepung tulang ikan kambing-kambing terdapat kalsium.Kata kunci: ekstraksi; kalsium; ikan kambing-kambing (Abalistes stellaris) Starry triggerfish bone is one of the solid waste, which is a by-product that has not been utilized. It has great potential as a source of calcium. This research aims to utilize starry triggerfish bone to be a valuable product and source of calcium. This research used the protein hydrolysis method to determine the characteristic of raw material and proximate of starry triggerfish bone (water, fat and ash content), calcium and FTIR values of starry triggerfish bone meal. This research uses NaOH base extraction with different concentrations of 1N, 5N and 2N. The yield value obtained were 7,55%, 12,4% and 10,96%. The values of water content obtained were 3,7%, 4,15% and 3,87%. The value of fat content were 0,12%, 0,11% and 0,10%. Ash content values obtained were 90,05%, 88,76% and 87,52%. Calcium values obtained were 31,83%, 35,75% and 32,33%. FTIR testing showed that the bone meal of starry triggerfish contained calcium.Keywords: extraction; calcium; starry triggerfish (Abalistes stellaris)

scholarly journals Characterization of Activated Carbon from Industrial Solid Waste Agar with a Different Activator Concentrations

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Khuril Zaqyyah ◽  
Sri Subekti ◽  
Mirni Lamid
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Randomized Design

Production of seaweed processing generates a huge amount of waste, either waste solid or liquid waste. For solid waste contains a lot of organic carbon derived from cellulose or hemicellulose. Therefore, the solid waste that has the potential as a raw material of activated carbon. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the activated carbon produced from solid waste agar and determine the optimal concentration of activator that produced the best characteristics of the activated carbon. The treatment used is a different activator concentration which is designed using completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. The results showed the five treatments are significant differences in the characteristics of the ash and pure active carbon content. This study shows that the manufacture of activated carbon industrial solid waste agar with a different activator concentration influence on the characteristics of the active carbon with ash content parameter and pure active carbon content. The concentration of activator that can provide the highest value of pure activated carbon is in P5 with a concentration of 6 M. Based on this study are advised to do further research on how to lower the ash content of the activated carbon from solid waste agar.

scholarly journals Proximate and calcium analysis of nixtamalized corn grits as a raw material of Gorontalo traditional meal, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
SUNARTO KADIR ◽  
LISNA AHMAD ◽  
YOYANDA BAIT
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Lime Concentration

Abstract. Kadir S, Ahmad L, Bait Y. 2019. Proximate and calcium analysis of nixtamalized corn grits as a raw material of Gorontalo traditional meal, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 56-62. This study aims to find out the influence of additional lime concentration and the length of boiling time toward the proximate and calcium grits of corn (Zea mays L). The study was conducted using a randomized group factorial design of two factors. The first factor is calcium concentration consisted of three treatments; 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%, and the second factor is the length of boiling time, consisting of two treatments; the 60-minute boiling time, and the 30-minute boiling time. The parameters of this study were water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, carbohydrate content, and calcium content. The ANOVA analysis reveals that the treatment of calcium concentration, and the length of boiling time insignificantly influence the water content, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and calcium contents of nixtamal corn grits. Grits of nixtamal corn produced in this study has water content of 10.54-11.33%, ash content of 1.34-1.39%, protein content of 9.11-9.40%, fat content of 3.36-3.59%, carbohydrate content of 74.44-75.36%, and calcium content of 10.15-10.92%.

scholarly journals Vermicomposting: a transformation alternative for rumen content generated in slaughterhouses

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 9201-9212
Author(s):  
Lady Bohórquez-Sandoval ◽  
Francisco García-Molano ◽  
Walter Murillo-Arango ◽  
Javier Cuervo-Bejarano ◽  
Nancy Pulido-Soler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Valuable Product ◽  
Biological Transformation

Rumen content is a waste produced in slaughterhouses. This type of solid waste can cause bad odor and atmospheric pollution if discharged directly into the environment. Additionally, it may spread disease due to the nesting vectors, and the resulting leachate can lead to groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to determine the suitability of rumen content, waste generated in the slaughterhouse of Villapinzón (Cundinamarca), as raw material for biological transformation into vermicompost at the Fertisoluciones facilities. The characteristics of the rumen content were analyzed, and during the transformation process, three volumetric capacities (T1: 5.94 m3, T2: 23.01 m3, and T3: 16.74 m3) of compost bed were evaluated for 105 days. Through a principal component analysis, the data was reduced in two dimensions that explained 65.8% of the total variance; the first component related to the number of juvenile individuals, high pH, low moisture and temperature; and the second component related to numbers of adults individuals and high temperatures. The earthworm growth rate was determined by the food quality, as well as by bed size. Microbiological and physicochemical analyses were performed on the resulting vermicompost, demonstrating that the transformation process of rumen material into organic fertilizer, performed in Fertisoluciones facilities, fulfills the parameters required by the NTC5167 standard. This study showing the possibility of using a slaughterhouse’s solid waste and convert it into a valuable product to an industrial scale.

scholarly journals THE EXTRACTION OF BROWN ALGAE (Sargassum sp) THROUGH CALCIUM PATH TO PRODUCE SODIUM ALGINATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Octovianus S. R. Pasanda ◽  
Abdul Azis
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Linear Chain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Brown algae is a source of sodium alginat raw material. One type of brown algae that is found to grow in Indonesian waters is Sargassum echinocarphum. Brown algae including one type of seaweed that grows in many waters of Indonesia, especially the waters of Eastern Indonesia. Alginat is a pure polysaccharide of uronic acid contained in a brown algae cell wall arranged in the form of long linear chain alginic acids with levels reaching 40% of the total dry weight. The alginat form in general is sodium alginat, a water soluble alginat salt. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of alginat include alginat rendamen, water content, ash content, and viscosity. Conventional extraction methods from brown algae into sodium alginat produces the highest yield percentage of 32.42%, resulting from the extraction for 7 hours at 60 C. The lowest average yield percentage resulted in 5 hours extraction process of 2.78%, the average water content of 20.37 - 23.30%, the mean ash content of 22.28 - 34.87%, and the viscosity ranged between 18, 0 - 19.8 Cp.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF CHITOSAN ORININATED FROM THE CARAPACE OF T. ANOMALA SHRIMP AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUND

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Tengku Muhammad Ghazali ◽  
Rahman Karnila ◽  
Dewita Dewita
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Inhibition Zones

This study aims to investigate the inhibition zones of the chitosan against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Carapace from T. anomala is used as raw material of chitosan. There were 5 treatments used, namely positive control (K0+), negative control (K0-), 5% chitosan (K1), 7% chitosan (K2) and 9% (K3) chitosan. The carapace was taken and then washed, dried, refined, demineralization, de-preoteinated, deasitelation and was tested using double layer method, discs and well diffusion. The proximate carapace test results were as follows, water content was 68.18 % gross wight (gw), moisture content 11.77 % dry wight (dw) protein content, 2.35 %dw fat content, 84.43 %dw ash content and carbohydrate content was 1.45 %dw. The chitosan of T. anomala characteristics were yellowish white flakes, odorless and tasteless with yield value, moisture content, ash content, mineral content (Ca, Fe, K, Na, P) and the degree of deacetylation 27.51 %; 7.31 %gw; 3.40 %dw; 12.17 mg/L; 4.90 mg/L; 3.40 mg/L; 5.49 mg/L; 0.27 mg/L; and 73.43 % respectively , Results on antimicrobial sensivity tests using double layer, disk blank and well diffusion. Shown clear zone, 13.87 mm, 11.34 mm and 14.62 mm. these values indicate that the antimicrobial effect of the chitosan is strong.

scholarly journals BIOBRIQUETTE PRODUCTION FROM PALM FRONDS AND SHELLS: EFFECT OF MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND PARTICLE SIZE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Okta Bani ◽  
Iriany ◽  
Taslim ◽  
Cici Novita Sari ◽  
Cindy Carnella
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Fixed Carbon Content

Briquettes are solid fuels from organic materials with high calorific values ​​and burn duration. The composition and particle size of the raw material may affect briquette quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of composition and particle size on calorific value and characteristics of the resulting briquettes. In this study, briquettes were made using palm oil fronds and shells at mass ratio of 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and particle size of not-dertemined, 50, 70, and 100 mesh. First, raw material was carbonized at 450°C for 30 minutes then added to 20%wt. starch glue and waste oil (1:1 ratio). Resulting briquettes were analyzed for its water content, ash content, density, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, combustion rate, calorific value, and compressive strength. Satisfying results were obtained for briquettes with a front to shell ratio of 1:8, and a particle size of 100 mesh. At this condition, the resulting briquettes have water content of 5.5%; ash content of 2.54%; density of 0.51 g/cm3; 19.58% vapor content; fixed carbon content of 72.38%; combustion rate of 0.2 g/min (3.4×10-3 g/sec); calorific value of 15.3 kcal/g; and compressive strength of 0.06 N/mm2. These results have complied with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), Japanese, American, and English standards, except for briquette compressive strength, which have not met the industrial standard.

scholarly journals Effect Utilization Mangrove Rhizophora Sp Fruit Extract in Production of Coffee Powder in Perspective of Water Content and Organoleptic Test

AQUASAINS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Raka Nur Sukma ◽  
Mahfudlotuz Zahro
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Coffee Powder ◽  
Black Color

Utilization of mangrove seeds is not as popular the use of wood tree. Utilization of wood from mangrove tree is used as raw material for making charcoal and building materials.The local community rarely uses mangrove seeds for food, drinks, scrubs and coloring. This is not enough of public knowledge about the benefits of mangrove seeds. The public mindset that the only sources of carbohydrates are rice and corn. There is not much knowledge about the potential and benefits of mangrove seeds as a coffee drink. The research method used in this research is experimental research. In this experiment, 3 repetitions of treatment and 3 replications. Water content data in the mangrove seed ground coffee was tested by normality test.        The proximate test results show ash content of 1 to 4% when averaged is 2.6%. While the general requirement for roasted coffee (SNI.01.2983-1992) is 7-14% ash content. The color of coffee is influenced by the value of the extract content of the coffee, water soluble coffee juice will give it a deep black color ( Pastiniasih, 2012). The juice content of magrove coffee is high enough for each treatment so that the steeping gives a visually visible black color.

scholarly journals Standardization of Specific and Non-Specific Parameters of Propolis Extract as Raw Material for Herbal Product

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Yandi Syukri ◽  
Ririk Purwati ◽  
Nadia Hazami ◽  
Hady Anshory Tahmid ◽  
Annisa Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Herbal Product ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Propolis Extract

This study aims to standardize the specific and non-specific parameters of propolis extract originating from East Java, Indonesia, to fulfil the requirements as a herbal raw material. Standardization was carried out on propolis ethanol extract taken at three different harvesting times. Standardization was carried out on specific parameters including the content of dissolved compounds, chemical content of extracts and chromatogram patterns, while the non-specific parameters of the extract included water content, ash content residue, density, microbial contamination, and heavy metal contamination. Specific extract parameters showed that the water-soluble extract content was 2.1-3.5%; levels of ethanol-soluble extract 62.00-84.00%; total flavonoid levels of 0.015-0.072 mg ER / g; and total phenol content of 0.0039-0.0053 mg ER / g. Non-specific parameters indicate that the water content is 10.72-10.90%; drying losses 10.05-10.63%; total ash content of 0.08-0.65%, density of 0.88-0.89 g / mL; Pb levels from 6.55-9.01 mg / kg; Cd content of 0.50-1.22 mg / kg, Cu content of 0.82-1.13 mg / kg; the total plate number is 10 colonies / g and the yeast fungus number is 10 colonies / g. It can be concluded that propolis extract from the East Java region of Indonesia fulfills the requirements as a raw material for herbal products in Indonesia.

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIASI WAKTU EKSTRAKSI α-SELULOSA DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN MIKROKRISTALIN α-SELULOSA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aulia Muliana Harahap ◽  
Ika Ucha Pradifta
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Palm Frond

The study about the supply of α-cellulose from palm frond as  a raw material for microcrystalline α-cellulose by hydrolysis method using nitric acid (HNO3), sodium nitrite (NaNO2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), sodium hypoclorite (NaOCl), aquadest (H2O, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was aiming to find out α-cellulose produced at the extraction time variation (minutes) approximately 90, 100, 110, 120, and 130, respectively. The parameter analysis of α-cellulose from palm oil frond as raw material for producing microcrystalline α-cellulose includes analysis of water content, α-cellulose yield, morphological analysis of α-celluloseyield, morphological analysis of α-cellulose by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), Fourier analysis Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) α-cellulose, and analysis of linitas with XRD (X-Ray Powder Diffraction) α-cellulose. The results showed that the best extraction time was 100 minutes with the results of the parameter analysis as follows: yield of 40.59%, water content of 1.332% and already fulfilling the Indonesian Industry Standards. The results of the characterization using FT-IR showed that α-cellulose amorphous from was characterized by 2 maximum peaks of 20 = 22o, 20o. The crystalline index was 22.48%. While the results of SEM showed the morphology of α-cellulose which was not spread evenly yet.

Facile preparation of nanofiller-paper using mixed office paper without deinking

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
QIANQIAN WANG ◽  
J.Y. ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mechanical Grinding ◽  
Microscope Imaging ◽  
Facile Preparation ◽  
Electron Microscope Imaging ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Office Paper

Mixed office paper (MOP) pulp without deinking with an ash content of 18.1 ± 1.5% was used as raw material to produce nanofiller-paper. The MOP pulp with filler was mechanically fibrillated using a laboratory stone grinder. Scanning electron microscope imaging revealed that the ground filler particles were wrapped by cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), which substantially improved the incorporation of filler into the CNF matrix. Sheets made of this CNF matrix were densified due to improved bonding. Specific tensile strength and modulus of the nanofiller-paper with 60-min grinding reached 48.4 kN·m/kg and 8.1 MN·m/kg, respectively, approximately 250% and 200% of the respective values of the paper made of unground MOP pulp. Mechanical grinding duration did not affect the thermal stability of the nanofiller-paper.

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