scholarly journals The Suitability of Granite and Granite-Gneiss of part of Minna Sheet 164 SW North-Central Nigeria as Construction Aggregates

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
A.A Sidi ◽  
N.M Waziri ◽  
A. Musa ◽  
A. Hamidu ◽  
H.M Liman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Average Impact ◽  
Geotechnical Tests ◽  
Geotechnical Testing

Geotechnical tests were performed on granite and granite-gneiss rock samples of parts of Minna to know their suitability as construction aggregates. Eight rock samples were selected for porosity test, impact value, specific gravity and absorption capacity. The average porosity of the samples is 0.21, 0.12, 0.30, 0.10, 0.25, 0.25, 0.24 and 0.11 respectively for L1, L14, L15, L19, L21, L23, L25 and L29 which shows they are normal except L15 with a high porosity. Average impact value of the samples show they are suitable for wearing surface course in road and bridge construction, except samples L14 and L19 with average impact value of 32.8 and 34.9 respectively making them suitable only as bituminous macadam (maximum value = 35%). Sample L1 is not suitable as construction aggregates because it exceeds the maximum value specified for that purpose. The average specific gravity of the rocks are L1=2.68, L14=2.65, L15=2.65, L19=2.67, L21= 2.63, L23= 2.71, L25=2.65, and L29=2.69 respectively and which make them suitable as normal weight materials for construction. The average absorption capacity values of the rock samples are 0.20%, 0.20%, 0.50%, 0.10%, 0.25%, 0.10%, 0.50% and 0.20% respectively for samples L1, L14, L15, L19, L21, L23, L25, and L29. All testing followed the respective ASTM standards. Keywords: Geotechnical testing, construction aggregates, granite, granite-gneiss, Minna, Nigeria.

Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Sapota (Chikoo) Powder based Value Added Pasta Product using Semolina (Suji) and Maida

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
SATYA NARAYAN SINGH ◽  
RAJESH G BURBADE ◽  
HITESH SANCHAVAT ◽  
P S PANDIT
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Specific Length

The cereals of today are more nutritious and healthful than ever before. Cereals processing is one of the oldest and the most essential part of all food technologies. Pasta products and noodles have been staple foods since ancient times in many countries all over the world. In this study pasta formulation was substituted with blending sapota powder in different proportions (4 levels i.e. 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) into semolina and maida flour separately. Pasta products were prepared using eight different formulations and adding water (approximately 31% of total weight) in DOLLY pasta extruder machine. All the samples were evaluated for physical properties: specific length (mm/g), bulk density (kg/m3), specific density (kg/m3) and porosity (%); functional properties: water absorption index (%), water solubility index (%) and oil absorption capacity (ml/g) and nutritional compositions: moisture (%), crude protein (%), fat (%) and carbohydrate (%). Highest specific length 36.20 mm/g was observed for T5 treatment, low bulk density 368.10 kg/m3 was observed for T5 and highest porosity 9.24% was found for T1 treatment. The maximum WAI, WSI values 325.83%, 17.33% respectively was observed for T1 treatment and minimum value of oil absorption capacity 1.06 ml/g for T8 treatment. The moisture content of dried pasta products was found in the range of 6 to 7%. The maximum value of crude protein 13.07% was found for T5 and minimum value 8.81% for T4 treatments. The fat contents were varied from 1.02% to 1.28 %. The maximum value of carbohydrate was 76.20% for T1 and minimum value 65.41% for T8.

scholarly journals Mineralogical, Textural and Physical Characterisation to Determine Deterioration Susceptibility of Irulegi Castle Lime Mortars (Navarre, Spain)

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Ponce-Antón ◽  
Anna Arizzi ◽  
Maria Zuluaga ◽  
Giuseppe Cultrone ◽  
Luis Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
High Water ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Repair Mortar ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
High Degree

Archaeological lime mortars from the Tower Keep and West perimeter wall of Irulegi Castle (Navarre, Spain) were analysed to determine susceptibility to deterioration. Chemical, mineralogical, textural and physical characterisation was performed by different tests and multianalysis techniques in order to determine the intrinsic features of the original historical mortars at the castle. Samples from the Tower Keep are more prone to deteriorate compared with the West perimeter wall due to high water absorption capacity and high porosity. A high degree of pore interconnection, high desorption index and the presence of high pore volume in the 0.01 to 1 µm size range affect the mortar durability since pores retain water longer inside the mortar. Local environment conditions with persistent annual rainfall, high humidity and temperature variations contribute to the decay process of the original mortar. Characterisation of historical mortars not only allows better understanding of susceptibility to deterioration but also helps the design of compatible and durable repair mortar for future interventions on historical heritage. Compatibility of new materials with the historical mortar will be ensured by studying mortar characteristics and properties.

scholarly journals Controllable synthesis of pomelo peel-based aerogel and its application in adsorption of oil/organic pollutants

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyu Shi ◽  
Yizhu Qian ◽  
Fengzhi Tan ◽  
Weijie Cai ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water

Oil/water separation is a field of high significance as it might efficiently resolve the contamination of industrial oily wastewater and other oil/water pollution. In this paper, an environmentally-friendly hydrophobic aerogel with high porosity and low density was successfully synthesized with renewable pomelo peels (PPs) as precursors. Typically, a series of sponge aerogels (HPSA-0, HPSA-1 and HPSA-2) were facilely prepared via high-speed dispersion, freeze-drying and silanization with methyltrimethoxysilane. Indeed, the physical properties of aerogel such as density and pore diameter could be tailored by different additives (filter paper fibre and polyvinyl alcohol). Hence, their physico-chemical properties including internal morphology and chemical structure were characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Thermal gravimetric analyzer (TG) etc. Moreover, the adsorption capacity was further determined and the results revealed that the PP-based aerogels presented excellent adsorption performance for a wide range of oil products and/or organic solvents (crude oil 49.8 g g −1 , soya bean oil 62.3 g g −1 , chloroform 71.3 g g −1 etc.). The corresponding cyclic tests showed the absorption capacity decreased slightly from 94.66% to 93.82% after 10 consecutive cycles, indicating a high recyclability.

Investigation of the CoreLok for Maximum, Aggregate, and Bulk Specific Gravity Tests

2005 ◽  
Vol 1907 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Sholar ◽  
Gale C. Page ◽  
James A. Musselman ◽  
Patrick B. Upshaw ◽  
Howard L. Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Apparent Reason

The Florida Department of Transportation uses long-established test procedures to determine the maximum specific gravity (Gmm) and bulk specific gravity (Gmb) of asphalt mixtures and the bulk specific gravity (Gsb) of aggregates. The CoreLok, a vacuum-sealing device that can be used to determine these properties, was evaluated by the department for these test procedures. With respect to the Gmm test procedure, for mixtures containing nonabsorptive granites, the CoreLok determined results equivalent to those of the department's test procedure. However, for mixtures containing absorptive limestones, the CoreLok determined higher Gmm values than did the department's test procedure. The apparent reason for the discrepancy is that the CoreLok does not determine a saturated surface dry condition of the sample. With respect to the aggregate specific gravity test procedures, the CoreLok provided test results equivalent to the department's test procedure for the nonabsorptive fine aggregates only. For the absorptive fine aggregates and all of the coarse aggregates, the CoreLok determined Gsb test results significantly different from those of the department's test procedures. The CoreLok may be suitable for determining Gmb for coarse-graded compacted specimens with high porosity and air voids. There are concerns with the accuracy of the CoreLok results because of the bridging effect of the plastic bag over the large surface voids and because of the CoreLok's significant underestimation of the specific gravity of a solid aluminum cylinder.

scholarly journals Structural and Textural Characteristics of Selected Copper-Bearing Rocks as One of the Elements Aiding in the Assessment of Gasogeodynamic Hazard

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pajdak ◽  
Mateusz Kudasik
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Copper Mine ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
Structural And Textural Parameters ◽  
Textural Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The characteristics of copper-bearing rocks that include the structural and textural parameters are an important factor determining a possible gas accumulation in those rocks. In September 2009, in the Rudna copper mine in Poland, an outburst of gases and dolomite occurred. The analysis of the outburst mass showed that one of the main causes of the outburst was the different structural properties such as high porosity and presence of gas in the pores. This paper presents data from the structural analysis of dolomite from the Polkowice-Sieroszowice copper mine and the Rudna copper mine. Seven rock samples from various areas of the mines were tested by the following methods: mercury porosimetry (MIP), low pressure gas adsorption (LPNA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), computed microtomography (micro-CT). The SEM analyses of the rock samples allowed pores of various sizes and shapes to the observed. The porosity (MIP) of the dolomite changed in the range of 3-15%. The total micro and mesopore volume (LPNA) was from 0.002 cm3/g to 0.005 cm3/g. The macropore volume (MIP) was from 0.01 cm3/g to 0.06 cm3/g and the mean macropore diameter was from 0.09 μm to 0.18 μm. The dolomite samples varied in the surface area (LPNA) (0.7-1.5 m2/g) and the pore distribution. The structure of dolomite determines the possibility of the occurrence of gasogeodynamic phenomena and hence it is urgent that research be conducted into its changeability. To better understand the gasogeodynamic processes in copper-bearing rocks, it is necessary to constantly monitor and analyse in detail those areas that have different structural properties.

Preparation and Characterization of High Porosity and High Oil-Absorbent Block CMCS Aerogel

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 669-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Tao Guo ◽  
Ling Bin Lu ◽  
Jian Jun Shi ◽  
Jia Yu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Preparation Condition ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Oil Absorbent ◽  
Dimethyl Silicone

Carboxymethyl chitosan aerogel was prepared by freeze-drying method with glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. The effect of different concentrations of crosslinking agent and solvent on the gel time and porosity was investigated. The absorption capacity of aerogel was investigated with different oils (gasoline, diesel oil, peanut oil, dimethyl silicone). The results were shown as 1) the highest porosity of the aerogel was 95.01% and the lowest density was 0.026g/cm3. 2) The optimum preparation condition was the concentration of crosslinking agent 20%, the solvent concentration 2%. Oil absorption capacity of the aerogel was up to the maximum of 28.6g/g (to dimethyl silicone), which was higher than to the other three oils. This work offered a preparation method for the high porosity, high oil-absorbing massive carboxymethyl chitosan aerogel and revealed its potential application in the treatment of oil pollution.

Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophobic Ceramic Foam

2016 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Nur Syazana Suparman ◽  
Khadijah Ahmad Alwi ◽  
Mohd Al Amin Muhamad Nor
Keyword(s):  
Hydrophobic Effect ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Ceramic Foam ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Foam Ceramic ◽  
Replication Method

Ceramic foam are a class of high porosity materials that are used for various applications. In this study, foam ceramic porcelain powder was produced by using polymeric sponge replication method at different solid content ranging from 30 to 50 wt. %. Properties of ceramic foam was characterized for porosity and density. Ceramic foam then grafted with methyltriethoxysilane (MTMS) at different concentration ranging from 0 to 9.0% v/v to determine hydrophobic effect and oil absorption capacity. From the results, it was found that the density of ceramic foam increased while porosity was decreased with increasing solid contents. It is clearly seen that, MTMS grafting contribute to hydrophobic effect of ceramic foam which enable repelling of water. The amount of oil absorbed by ceramic was found increased by increasing concentration of MTMS for all solid contents. As conclusion, MTMS give significant effects on hyrdophobic ceramic foam and produce good absorption capacity. The lower solid content produced better oil absorption compared to higher solid content due to presence of higher porosity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial wound dressing nanofibrous mats composed of cellulose acetate loaded with chitosan/erythromycin nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Doostan ◽  
Hassan Maleki ◽  
Mahtab Doostan ◽  
Kamyar Khoshnevisan ◽  
Reza Faridi-Majidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Infected Wound

Abstract This study attempts to fabricate the antibacterial nanofibrous mats composed of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers loaded with erythromycin-chitosan nanoparticles (Ery-CS NPs) intended for infected wound dressing. The Ery-loaded CS NPs were prepared by ionic gelation process and then incorporated into the CA electrospun nanofibers (NFs). The characterization of the NPs and mats were investigated by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) to show the size distribution, morphology and surface chemistry along with other physiochemical properties including hydrophilicity property, porosity, and water absorption capacity. The antimicrobial activity and cell viability of fibroblast cells were also evaluated. The results indicated that Ery was loaded into CS NPs with high encapsulation efficiency (95%). The CA NFs (17%) incorporated with the Ery-CS NPs (12 wt%) displayed smooth homogenous morphology with 141.7 ± 91.7 nm average diameter. The relevant analyses revealed that the NPs incorporated in NFs and provided high water holding capacity with high porosity. Finally, Ery-CS NPs/CA mats were able to inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as showed no cytotoxic effect on the human dermal fibroblast cells. Overall, our findings concluded that the proposed system could be potentially applied as the proper antibacterial mats for infected wound dressing applications.

scholarly journals SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SELULOSA BAKTERI-SITRATKITOSAN SEBAGAI PEMBALUT LUKA ANTIMIKROBA

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Farah Nurlidar ◽  
Lely Hardiningsih ◽  
Darmawan Darwis
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Water Vapour Transmission Rate ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Moist Environment

Bacterial cellulose, produced by Acetobacter xylinum, is an interesting material for using as a wound dressing since it provides moist environment to a wound resulting in a better wound healing. However, bacterial cellulose (BC) itself has no antibacterial activity to prevent wound infection. To achieve antibacterial activity, chitosan were impregnated into bacterial cellulose by cross linking reaction using citric acid as cross linker. The thickness, water and saline absorption capacity, water vapour transmission rate (WVTR), mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of composite were investigated. The result show an important increase in absorption capacity when BC was treated with citric acid and chitosan and the maximum value was reached at 21.5 gig in DM water and 8.2 gig in salinesolution}. The WVTR analysis of all the test membranes was found to be less than WVTR value of control without sample. The result also showed that bacterial cellulose-citrate-chitosan (BC-AST) exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa and S. aureusKeywords: Antibacterial, bacterial cellulose, citric acid, chitosan, wounddressing.

scholarly journals Sedimentation rate and physical properties of bottom sediments in the Angara reservoirs under the cyclical conditions of the level regime

LITOSFERA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
G. A. Karnaukhova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Engineering Geology ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Level Regime

Research subject. The article presents the results of a study of sedimentation rate and physical properties of bottom sediments in the Angara reservoirs under controlled level regimes. Materials and methods. The work was based on the materials of fieldwork carried out by the author on the Angara reservoirs in 1972–2017 and open-access literature sources. The physical properties and particle size distribution of bottom sediments were determined by the standard methods of engineering geology. Results. It was found that the controlled level regime determines the time cycles of sedimentation in reservoirs, sources of sediment-forming material, sedimentation rate and ambiguity of the physical properties of bottom sediments. Conclusions. During transgressions, sands, coarse aleurites and fine-aleurite silts accumulate in reservoirs most intensively; however, during regressions, coarse aleurites and aleurite-clayey silts are accumulated. During transgressions, all types of sediments are characterised by the highest sediment density, sediment skeleton density and absorption capacity, while coarse aleurites and fine-aleurite silts exhibit high natural humidity levels. In addition, coarse aleurites are characterised by a high porosity, while fine-aleurite and aleurite-clayey silts are characterised by a high content of organic matter. During regressions, the porosity of sands, fine-aleurite and aleurite-clayey silts increases, the content of organic matter in sands and coarse aleurites increases, and all types of sediments become more saturated with carbonates.

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