scholarly journals Age-Related Alterations in Testicular Histoarchitecture of Yangzhou Goose Ganders

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Testicular Regression ◽  
Breeding Seasonality ◽  
Age Of Maturity ◽  
Tubular Diameter

The age of maturity and seasonality are vital characteristics in the production of seasonal breeders like Yangzhou ganders. Ancestors of the current geese breeds were wild geese that adapted their breeding season, according to the season having plenty of food and suitable weather conditions to reproduce and raise their chicks to combat harsh environmental conditions. The present study aimed to elucidate histological changes in testicular histoarchitecture of Yangzhou goose ganders. Testis samples were collected from Yangzhou ganders during premature, transition and mature states. Testicular regression was accessed by observing changes in the number of spermatocytes, spermatogonia, elongated spermatids, round spermatids, width of seminiferous tubules, epithelial height, luminal tubular diameter and Johnsen’s score. The results depicted a positive correlation between age and number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatids, and epithelial height. Thus, testicular histoarchitecture works usually on the balance between Sertoli and other germ cells. Further, our results conclude that breeding seasonality and age of sexual maturity also affect spermatogenesis efficiency in Yangzhou ganders.

scholarly journals The Effect of Inhibin Immunization in Seminiferous Epithelium of Yangzhou Goose Ganders: A Histological Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2801
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faheem Akhtar ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad ◽  
Ilyas Ali ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Zhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Tubular Diameter ◽  
Reciprocal Expression

The current study investigated the effect of inhibin immunization on germ cell numbers (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, round, and elongated spermatids), seminiferous tubules (ST) diameter, Johnsen’s score, epithelial height (μm), luminal tubular diameter (μm), and number of ST per field (ST/field) of Yangzhou goose ganders. Histological evaluation showed apoptosis and regression of testes after inhibin (INH) immunization, with a concomitantly marked reduction in the round and elongated spermatids in the experiment (INH) group compared to the control group. The diameter of seminiferous tubules (ST) and epithelial height (EH) were positively correlated at 181, 200, and 227 days of age. In comparison, luminal tubular diameter (LD) was negatively correlated on day 227 to ST diameter and epithelial height. On day 227, many seminiferous tubules per field (ST/field) were negatively correlated to ST diameter, EH, and LD. INH immunization elevated ST diameter, EH, and LD, while Johnsen’s score and number of ST/field had reciprocal expression. In conclusion, the concomitant effect of INH immunization and seasonality in breeding regressed germ cells and damaged spermatogenesis in seminiferous epithelium Yangzhou ganders.

scholarly journals Histological and immunohistochemical study of cyclophosphamide effect on adult rat testis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda H. Anan ◽  
Nashwa S. Wahba ◽  
Maha A. Abdallah ◽  
Dalia A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Fibrous Sheath ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Reduced Height

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nowadays, cyclophosphamide is widely used as anticancer and immunosuppressive agent in various drug regimens in many diseases and in young and old age. The aim of this research is to study the possible histological changes that may occur in the testes of adult male albino rats as a result of chronic exposure to cyclophosphamide and the prognosis of this effect.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Thirty healthy adult male albino rats were used in this study.  They were equally divided into three groups; a control, an experimental and a withdrawal groups. The Animals of the experimental group were treated with daily dose of 5 mg/ kg cyclophosphamide orally for successive 28 days. Animals of the withdrawal group were left without treatment and sacrificed after 28 days from the last dose of cyclophosphamide.  At the time of sacrifice, all animals were anesthetized by ether inhalation and their testes were dissected out carefully and processed for light and electron microscope examinations<span lang="EN-IN">. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Testes of the cyclophosphamide treated group revealed presence of many distorted shrunken seminiferous tubules which appeared with marked reduction in the thickness of the epithelium and wide lumina. Many germ cells with deeply stained nuclei, giant cells in mitosis and intracellular vacuoles were observed. Cross sections in mid pieces of sperms showed marked affection of axoneme, fibrous sheath and mitochondrial sheath. The cytoplasm of the Leydig cells contained mitochondria, dilated SER, Golgi cisternae and RER. Testes of the withdrawal group showed that the seminiferous tubules still had reduced height of their epithelium with wide intercellular spaces. Abnormal stratification and destructed germinal epithelium were evident with desquamated germ cells. Cross sections of mid pieces of the sperms showed distorted axoneme and swollen mitochondrial sheath. The cytoplasm of leydig cells contained many electron dense granules, RER, many dilated SER and mitochondria.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chronic cyclophosphamide treatment not only produced serious histological changes of the testis but also in its serological parameter. These changes persisted after cessation of cyclophosphamide administration which indicates the cumulative irreversible toxic effect of cyclophosphamide. So, it is advisable to avoid the usage of cyclophosphamide as possible especially in young patients<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"> </p>

The ultrastructure of germ cells in foetal and neonatal male rats

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-308
Author(s):  
L. L. Franchi ◽  
Anita M. Mandl
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Male Germ Cells ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Prophase Of Meiosis ◽  
Medullary Cords

The Gonads of the rat undergo sex differentiation on the 14th day post coitum (p.c.), the testis becoming clearly distinguishable by the presence of an incipient tunica albuginea. The male germ cells become incorporated into medullary cords (the precursors of seminiferous tubules). In contrast, the germ cells in ovaries are scattered in cortical nests. Recent quantitative studies have shown that at 14·5 days p.c., the number of germ cells is somewhat greater in the male than the female (Beaumont & Mandl, 1963; cf. Beaumont & Mandl, 1962). In both sexes mitotic activity ceases at about 18·5 days p.c. Thereafter, the male germ cells remain at prolonged interphase; a proportion of them show histological changes frequently associated with degeneration. Quantitative estimates, on the other hand, indicate that none are eliminated from the testis. In the coeval female, the germ cells enter the prophase of meiosis, whereafter no further mitotic divisions are possible.

Severe Degenerative Changes in Cryptorchid Testes in Japanese Black Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-426
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Fuke ◽  
Go Kitahara ◽  
Soma Ito ◽  
Nguyen Van Diep ◽  
Angeline Ping Ping Teh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sustentacular Cells ◽  
Testicular Regression ◽  
Testicular Regression Syndrome

This is a histopathologic and endocrinologic study of 6 calves diagnosed with cryptorchidism. Cases 1–3 were diagnosed as resembling testicular regression syndrome. In cases 1 and 2, the extracted tissue was a small, firm, gray-white mass, and there was lack of obvious testicular tissue in case 3. Histopathologically, the excised tissue in cases 1–3 was a fibrotic testicular remnant with inflammation, mineralization, hemosiderin-laden macrophages or lipofuscin-laden macrophages, and lack of germ cells and interstitial endocrine cells. These findings were compared with cases 4–6, which were diagnosed as testicular hypoplasia due to cryptorchidism. These cases had small but otherwise grossly unremarkable intra-abdominal testicular tissue and histologically had a few germ cells and sustentacular cells with arrested spermatogenesis and an increase in interstitial endocrine cells. Cases 1–3 had more severe degenerative changes compared with cases 4–6. In case 2, the average diameter of the seminiferous tubules was much smaller than in cases 4–6, and there were few tubule cross sections. Anti-Müllerian hormone (214 pg/ml) was detected in the plasma of case 2. Based on the macroscopic and histopathologic findings as well as endocrinologic profiles, the testicular degeneration in cases 1–3 was considered similar to that of testicular regression syndrome. In this condition, it is thought that a normally developing intra-abdominal testis undergoes degeneration due to heat or a vascular disorder such as torsion.

scholarly journals PSII-35 The age-related characteristics of spermatogenesis in gander

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
Anastasia N Vetokh ◽  
Ludmila A Volkova ◽  
Baylar S Iolchiev ◽  
Natalia Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Spermatogonia Cells

Abstract Cryopreservation of testicular stem cells - spermatogonia is of interest along with the creation of semen cryobanks. During transplantation into recipients’ testes, spermatogenic cells can create a significant population of germ cells in the process of differentiation. The knowledge about spermatogenesis course in males is necessary for the effective selection spermatogenic cells. The research aim was to study the age-related characteristics of spermatogenesis in geese. The histostructure of gander testes (n = 35) at the age of 1 to 7 months was studied. The diameter of seminiferous tubules, and the types and number of spermatogenic cells in them were evaluated. From each gander at least 30 seminiferous tubules were examined. At the age of 1 month, the diameter of the seminiferous tubules was 51±1 μm. In subsequent age periods, this indicator increased and amounted to 63±2, 65±3, 66±2, 79±3, 98±6 and 170±5 μm at the age of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 months, respectively. Diameter increase with the age was associated with an increase of spermatogenic cells number inside tubules. At the 1 months age, the number of spermatogenic cells in one seminiferous tubule did not exceed 22±1. At the age of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 months, this indicator increased by 2.1, 2.7, 3.1, 6.4, 8.5 and 21.2 times. At the age from 1 to 3 months, the main cells types were Sertoli and spermatogonia cells. Primary and secondary spermatocytes from 4 months of age and spermatids from 5 months of age were visualized in the seminiferous tubules. Sperm were detected in the seminiferous tubules at 6 months old, the number of which increased towards the age of 7 months. The study was supported by RSF within Project №16–16–04104.

scholarly journals Developmental and regressive changes in the testes of the Himalayan rabbit

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Tsunenari ◽  
Alexander Kast
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Testicular Regression ◽  
Regressive Changes

The testes of 81 Himalayan rabbits, controls in toxicity studies, and 113 purpose-bred rabbits of various age groups from birth to 2 years were studied. In mature male rabbits, regressive changes in the seminiferous tubules including the multinucleated spermatid giant cells were common and showed a tendency for age-related and seasonal differences. The finding is considered as a remnant of the previous seasonal and possibly also social testicular regression in wild living animals. The giant cells develop from the syncytium of the germinative epithelium and have parallels in phylogenesis.

scholarly journals Germ cell-induced immune suppression in mice. Effect of inoculation of syngeneic spermatozoa on cell-mediated immune responses.

1982 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 1719-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Hurtenbach ◽  
G M Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Natural Killer Cell Activity ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocyte ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Killer Cell Activity

Spleen cells from mice injected intravenously with syngeneic male germ cells exhibited reduced immune functions as determined by natural killer cell activity, mixed lymphocyte reactivity and cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) function. The decrease in CTL responses to trinitrophenyl-modified self (TNP-self) was detected as early as 4 d after sperm injection and was observed to H-2 alloantigens 3 wk after injection. Radiosensitive suppressor T cells were found to suppress the CTL response to TNP-self. Suppression lasted for a period of at least 7 wk after a single inoculation of the germ cells. Some variability in immune suppression capability was observed using different preparations of germ cells which are not yet completely understood. Sperm were more effective in inducing suppression than testicular cells derived from the seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, sperm from older animals were more effective than those from younger mice. These findings are discussed with respect to possible regulatory influences of germ cells on the immune system when the blood-testes barrier is broken.

scholarly journals The Effects of Vasectomy on Testicular Tissue of Mice: Histological Changes and DNA Fragmentation Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman MO ◽  
Al-Wasiti EA ◽  
Thamir KA ◽  
Al-Ani IM ◽  
Al-Salihi AR
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis

Introduction: We aim to investigate the effect of vasectomy on the histology of the testis as well as to evaluate DNA fragmentation in testicular tissue of male mice. Methods: Bilateral vasectomy was performed on 20 mature male mice; 10 control mice underwent sham-operation. After 6 weeks, the testes were evaluated for histological changes and DNA fragmentation by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Results: Marked alterations were observed in the testes of vasectomized mice, including degeneration of spermatids, thickened basement membrane, dilatation of the seminiferous tubules, exfoliation of germ cells, reduction in the seminiferous cell population, vacuolated appearance of the epithelium in the tubules and marked interstitial fibrosis. Single cell gel electrophoresis showed a highly significant (P<0.0001) increase in DNA damage among vasectomized mice (46.02%) compared with control group (%27.17) after six weeks of operation. Conclusion: Vasectomy induced deterioration in the seminiferous tubules associated with increased testicular cell’s DNA fragmentation.

scholarly journals Arsenic induced genotoxic and histopathological changes in male Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
Animesh K. Mohapatra ◽  
Deepika Rai ◽  
Anika Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolization ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Albino Mice

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of arsenic trioxide on the DNA and histomorphology of testis, liver and kidney of Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus. Oral administration of arsenic trioxide induced DNA damage in the testis, liver and kidney marked by light pink staining of nuclei after Feulgen’s reaction with reduced fine chromatin. Simultaneously severe histological changes were noted like distortion of seminiferous tubules, disorganization of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids with cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear pycnosis in testis. There was almost disappearance of sinusoids due to disruption of hepatic plates, inflammatory cellular infiltration around central veins and cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes with large irregular nuclei in liver of treated mice. Disorganized glomeruli with distorted Bowman’s capsules and mild to severe multifocal cloudy and hydropic degeneration with necrosis of tubules were observed in the kidney of treated mice. Inference drawn from the study indicated that arsenic induced both genotoxic histotoxic lesions.

scholarly journals Minireview: Transcriptional Regulation of Gonadal Development and Differentiation

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Y. Park ◽  
J. Larry Jameson
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Theca Cells ◽  
Main Cell

The embryonic gonad is undifferentiated in males and females until a critical stage when the sex chromosomes dictate its development as a testis or ovary. This binary developmental process provides a unique opportunity to delineate the molecular pathways that lead to distinctly different tissues. The testis comprises three main cell types: Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and germ cells. The Sertoli cells and germ cells reside in seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis occurs. The Leydig cells populate the interstitial compartment and produce testosterone. The ovary also comprises three main cell types: granulosa cells, theca cells, and oocytes. The oocytes are surrounded by granulosa and theca cells in follicles that grow and differentiate during characteristic reproductive cycles. In this review, we summarize the molecular pathways that regulate the distinct differentiation of these cell types in the developing testis and ovary. In particular, we focus on the transcription factors that initiate these cascades. Although most of the early insights into the sex determination pathway were based on human mutations, targeted mutagenesis in mouse models has revealed key roles for genes not anticipated to regulate gonadal development. Defining these molecular pathways provides the foundation for understanding this critical developmental event and provides new insight into the causes of gonadal dysgenesis.

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