scholarly journals Functional democracy: An analysis of the key elements of a democratic system

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Arif Khan ◽  
Alam Khan ◽  
Bakhtiar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Elected Representatives

This article debates democracy and the key elements of a democratic system. For this purpose, some of the internationally reputed authors and experts have been quoted. There is no universally accepted definition of democracy but most of the intellectuals and scholars are agreed that in democracy the supreme authority is vested in the hands of the people who exercise it through their elected representatives. The paper adopted qualitative, historical, and analytical method. The scholar has undergone an extensive study of available literature such as books, journals articles, newspapers and internet sources to make this study more commendable and get it become visible for the future scholars. The paper is based on qualitative study as it discusses facts for finding the truth. Democracy cannot flourish without certain necessary conditions. The focus of the paper is on the fundamental’s elements of democracy each of which is a basic condition for the success of democratic type of government everywhere.

The Theory of the State as a Sovereign Juristic Person

1948 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
General Conception ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Constitutional Morality

The casual student of Western political history encounters sovereignty in a number of guises. In the stage of absolute monarchy, it was a personal endowment of princes; in the stage of democracy, it seems to be a collective endowment of the “nation” or the “people.” In the latter period, moreover, a definition of law as the command of a sovereign becomes increasingly popular.These various contexts for sovereignty will already have suggested the protean possibilities of the general conception, but the student will have had little difficulty in sensing its generally anti-constitutional influence. Even popular sovereignty, which sounds the least dangerous, has had to be offset by opposing institutions in accounting for the relatively high constitutional morality of the democratic system.While, therefore, it is not surprising to find sovereignty again (and in a still different guise) when we examine the leading conceptions of American public law, one well may marvel to find it accorded a key position among them. For, strange to say, the sovereignty of the state is widely accepted as the cornerstone of a legal edifice which the lawyers themselves appear to have laid.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the shaping the moral-value field of students

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 03034
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Smagina
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
The Future ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Conditions

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of approaches to the definition of the concept of “psychological and pedagogical” conditions in educational institutions for shaping the moral-value field of students. The attention of educators and psychologists to the problem of the presence of the necessary conditions conducive to the formation and development of the personality of students has led to the fact that this concept is studied from different points of view, makes it possible to highlight certain characteristics, to get away from the parameters of uncertainty in the scientific and practical aspects. Today, every educational organization is obliged to create conditions conducive to the shaping a personality, spiritual and moral values, socialization of the younger generation. The theoretical analysis of this concept enables to determine and to highlight the most effective conditions in the future, to compare the degree of their effectiveness among the selected ones.

scholarly journals عنايةُ الصحَّابة بضبط الحديثِ دراسة تأصيلية

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Yusuf Ahmed Al-Subh ◽  
Mohamed Akhiruddin Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
The People ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
Small Parts ◽  
Over Time

This study discusses the rigorousness of Sahaba in memorizing the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him. What is meant by memorization? What are its kinds? How did it happen? How did the Sahaba use to memorize the Hadith? What are the reasons for memorization? So this study aims at defining Hadith authentication, its kinds and the different reasons behind the rigorous memorization of the honorable Hadith by the Sahaba. This, in turn, will confirm for the future researchers the rigorousness in the link of Hadith Chain which is its starting point. The researcher has used the inductive method to clarify the reasons behind the strong points in authentication, which are included in the Hadith and their small parts of the general principles of the narrations. He also used the analytical method in studying the narrations. The researcher came up with two kinds of authentication: memorizing by the hearth and by writing, especially the Sahaba were known for their distinguished ability in memorization. This distinguished ability can be ascribed to different reasons; some of them are related to their own mental abilities, others ascribed to their closeness to the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him and time and place (era). They (companions of the Prophet peace be upon him) memorized Al-hadith thoroughly, and they told these Hadith to the people carefully and rigorously. Over time, this has given the future researchers in Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) Hadiths' science the confidence and convenience in depending on the narrations in terms of the chain and its initiation where the revisionists and skeptics are paying attention.

The Pension Relations in Society, Their Essence and Components

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Алексеева ◽  
A. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Socially Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Definition Of

The article describes the essence of pension relations in society as a system of protection the socially vulnerable groups of the people. A primary purpose is the unification of the conceptual apparatus of pension relations in society, and also analysis of their basic constituents for effective reformation of the pension system in the future. The studied the approaches of different authors to the definition of the term «pension», that allowed to set forth authorial determination to the «pension relations». The detailed description of making pension relations is given. An analysis is conducted dependence of some making pension relations in society.

scholarly journals ANARCHICAL COMMuNISM AGAINST MARxISM: the evolution of p.a. kropotkin's social-philosophical viewsON THE SOCIETY OF THE FuTuRE

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
S. N Folomeev
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Society ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Comprehensive Discussion ◽  
The Ideal

The article shows the evolution of the controversial socio-philosophical views of the theorist of anarchist communism P.A. Kropotkin on the need to develop certain features of the future social structure, his disagreement with the Marxist principles of his organization, anticipating many negative features of the future totalitarian regime prevailing in the USSR after 1917. At first, speaking of the need to understand only 4-5 main features of the future society, P.A. Kropotkin speaks about the impossibility to derive them scientifically, the absence of practical activities in the people themselves as they are understood. As a result of the evolution of his views on this issue, he is already in favor of a comprehensive discussion of the ideal of the future society, since it may be too late to do this later; advocates the definition of an ideal in a society popular with the people, with which socialists of other political directions would agree. Finding difficulties to determine the features of the future social structure, P.A. Kropotkin follows the path of denying those principles and phenomena that should not be in the upcoming society.

scholarly journals The Past Contains a Promise of Regeneration: Narratives of Ireland’s Future in Early-Twentieth-Century Juvenile Periodicals

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ogliari
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Young Readers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of

This article investigates the popular periodicals for juveniles Our Boys, Fianna, Young Ireland, and St. Enda’s, which were cherished by Irish nationalists as home-grown substitutes for the alienating British story papers in the Ireland of the early twentieth century. With Ireland still under British rule, these periodicals were concerned about the role of youths in the context of nation-building and my contention is that the people involved in such editorial enterprises viewed them as potentially transformative forces of society, which not only harnessed the power of the idea of political upheaval, but also forged the agents who were to build the envisioned free Irelands. Contributing to the definition of an appropriate ‘post-independence’ national identity, they thus offered to the young visions of the future nation that predicated its legitimacy upon an appeal to the past and the appreciation of traditions. At the same time, young readers were presented with exemplary models of Irish citizenship drawn from Irish heritage of myths and histories. Hence, through the close scrutiny of primary texts from the crucial 1914–23 years, my objective is to show how the future Irelands first imagined and narrated in the periodicals would find their roots in the past and draw energies and strength from the nation’s cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Mass Media and Ideology Dissemination against Democracy in Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Songyot Buaphuean
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Senior Citizen ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
False Consciousness ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Better Than

The study on “Mass Media and Ideology Dissemination against Democracy in Thailand” is qualitative study with the method of documentary research from text books, books, newspapers and online newspapers to find the definition of democracy which was the system of forming the elected government with the principle of sovereignty, majority, equality, freedom and laws. However, some mass media had false consciousness of democracy which included: election brought bad quality politicians; recruitment of persons to form the government was better than election; promotion of superstition; one man one vote was not for Thai society; capitalism deteriorated the nation; The Armed Forces worked for the people. Another concept was the idea that believed Thai society was praising the elite groups. The ideology said the society should obey the senior citizen who had morals, and the Armed Forces forced people to obey. 

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

Elemen Merentasi Sempadan Masa Dalam “Ghiyath al-Umam” Karya Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayniyy

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zaini Yahaya ◽  
Muhammad Adib Samsudin ◽  
Mohd Izhar Ariff Mohd Kashim
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
Time Boundary

In the study school of thought, an exposure to the context of across the time boundary known as "al-fiqh al-taqdiri" is a special feature in the formation of the Hanafi sect. It is also a feature shared by other sects including the Syafie sect. The authors chose the book of "Ghiyath al-Umam" by Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayniyy (419H-478H) for this study as the book was loaded with elements across the time compared to his other books. This study is a qualitative study and the design is document analysis. The study of Ghiyath al-Umam's book shows how far Imam al-Haramayn's imagination that has not been reflected by most of the people at his time. But some have already happened now and some might happen in the future.Keywords: civilization, futuristics, Syafie sect ABSTRAK: pengajian sejarah mazhab kita biasa didedahkan bahawa fiqh merentasi sempadan masa yang dikenali sebagai “al-fiqh al-taqdiri” merupakan ciri istimewa dalam pembentukan mazhab Hanafi. Hakikatnya dengan berlalunya zaman ia turut menjadi ciri yang dikongsi bersama oleh mazhab-mazhab lain termasuk mazhab Syafie. Untuk melihat kebenaran teori ini penulis memilih kitab “Ghiyath al-Umam” karangan Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayniyy (419H-478H). Imam al-Haramayn merupakan antara tokoh terawal yang tersohor dalam bidang fiqh syafie dan usul al-fiqh di samping bidang ilmu kalam. Karya-karya beliau dalam bidang fiqh mazhab Syafie dan usul al-fiqh aliran mutakallimin menjadi sumber utama dalam disiplin masing-masing. Pandangan-pandangan beliau sangat berautoriti dan dinukilkan oleh para ulama muhaqqiqun seperti Imam al-Nawawiyy dalam fiqh Syafie dan Fakhr al-Din al-Raziyy dalam bidang usul al-fiqh. Justeru beliau ialah tokoh yang sangat bersesuaian untuk tujuan kajian ini. Kitab Ghiyath al-Umam dijadikan fokus kajian memandangkan kitab ini sarat dengan elemen merentasi masa berbanding kitab-kitab beliau yang lain. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif dan reka bentuknya adalah analisis dokumen. Kajian terhadap kitab Ghiyath al-Umam dapat menunjukkan betapa jauhnya imiginasi Imam al-Haramayn yang tidak tergambar oleh sebahagian besar manusia ketika itu. Namun sebahagiannya sudah pun berlaku pada masa ini dan sebahagiannya mungkin akan berlaku pada masa akan datang.Kata Kunci: peradaban, futuristik, fiqh mazhab Syafie

Gendered differences in emigration and mobility perspectives among European researchers working abroad

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Scheibelhofer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Highly Skilled

This paper focuses on gendered mobilities of highly skilled researchers working abroad. It is based on an empirical qualitative study that explored the mobility aspirations of Austrian scientists who were working in the United States at the time they were interviewed. Supported by a case study, the paper demonstrates how a qualitative research strategy including graphic drawings sketched by the interviewed persons can help us gain a better understanding of the gendered importance of social relations for the future mobility aspirations of scientists working abroad.

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