scholarly journals A Brief Clinical Overview of Etiological Factors in Infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Genital System ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Sperm Antibodies ◽  
One Year ◽  
Clinical Overview

Infertility is the inability to conceive after one year of cohabitation without the use of any contraceptives. Infertility is a common problem that affects one in six couples. Some of the causes of infertility in men include varicocele, testicular torsion or trauma, cryptorchidism, infections of the seminal vesicles, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, genital dyskinesia, reproductive canals obstruction, anti-sperm antibodies, and obesity. Bacterial infections of the genital system are also important and common causes of infertility. Infections can disrupt the reproductive process through a variety of processes. Also, various studies have shown that Chlamydia trachomatis is directly related to sperm function and its effect on sperm parameters. This article gives you a brief overview of infertility and the factors that cause infertility and exacerbate it.

Study on Causes of Female Infertility at National Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Borella, Sri Lanka: A Survey Based Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
Farzana MUZN ◽  
Arshiya Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Complex Disorder ◽  
Anovulatory Cycle ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
One Year

Background: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after at least one year of unprotected intercourse. It is a complex disorder with significant medical, psychosocial, and economic problems. In about one third of couples are infertile. Approximately 167 million married women aged 15-49 years in developing countries were infertility. The present study aimed to determine the most common causes of female infertility in patients who visiting the National Ayuvedic Teaching Hospital, Borella, Sri Lanka. Methods: In this study 635 infertile (primary and secondary) women were selected to determine the causes of infertility. The subjects were selected from the gynecology clinic, between the periods of February 2015 to March 2016. The data were gathered using a questionnaire; and after that proper statistical method was applied to analyze the data. Results: From the results age between 28-37 years (37.16%) are more prevalent to infertility and the causes of infertility are mainly due to anovulatory cycle (31.18%) and menstrual irregularities (19.21%). BMI also one of the significant cause for infertility. Conclusion: Therefore, identifying the risk factors and proper treatment on time along with policy makers providing facilities to resolve the infertility could possible diverse this alarming increasing trend of infertility.

Comparative Study between Endoscopic Aided Septoplasty with Two Handed Technique using Endoholder and Conventional Septoplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apar Pokharel ◽  
Naganawalachullu Jaya Prakash Mayya ◽  
Nabin Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Endoscopic Septoplasty ◽  
Septal Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Evolutionary Step ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Deviated nasal septum is one of the most common causes for the nasal obstruction. The objective of this study is to compare the surgical outcomes in patients undergoing conventional septoplasty and endoscopic septoplasty in the management of deviated nasal septum. Methods:  Prospective comparative study was conducted on 60 patients who presented to the Department of ENT, College of Medical sciences, during a period of one year. The severity of the symptoms was subjectively assessed using NOSE score and objectively assessed using modified Gertner plate. Results: There was significant improvement in functional outcome like NOSE Score and area over the Gertner plate among patients who underwent endoscopic septoplasty. Significant difference in incidence of post-operative nasal synechae and haemorrhage was seen in conventional group compared to endoscopic group. Conclusions: Endoscopic surgery is an evolutionary step towards solving the problems related to deviated nasal septum. It is safe, effective and conservative, alternative to conventional septal surgery.

scholarly journals Epidemiological determinants of infant deaths occurring in a teaching hospital: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
M. N. Soumyashree ◽  
R. G. Viveki ◽  
Sunanda Halki
Keyword(s):  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Mother And Child Health ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
One Year

Background: India has the highest number of infant deaths, contributing about 23% to the global burden of infant deaths. Sustainable development goal states that, by 2030, preventable deaths of new-borns and children under 5 years of age should be ended, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1000 live births. Aims of the study: (1) to understand the socio-demographic profile of the study cases, (2) to correlate the causes of infant deaths with age, parity and other obstetrics parameters.Methods: The present study was undertaken for the period of one year from January to December 2016. The study included 120 deceased infants from department of Pediatrics, Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences (BIMS) Hospital, Belagavi. Information regarding socio-demographic profile, antenatal, intranatal and infant details were collected using a structured questionnaire.Results: 61.6% of study cases were male and three-fourth of them resided in rural area. 56.2% of the deceased infants were LBW, followed by VLBW (34.9%) and ELBW (8.9%).  The common causes of death among the deceased infants were prematurity (45%) followed by, birth asphyxia (34.2%), sepsis (12.5%), pneumonia (3.3%) and congenital anomalies and other (2.5%).Conclusions: Age of the infants, gestational age, place of delivery, delivery assisted and LBW were associated with infant deaths. There is a need for proper implementation of programmes related to mother and child health care.

scholarly journals Circumcision requirement in children with phimosis: immediately or elective?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-428
Author(s):  
Serpil Sancar ◽  
Elif Altınay Kırlı
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Genital System ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Undescended Testicle ◽  
Male Genital System ◽  
One Year ◽  
Referring Physicians ◽  
Male Genital

Objective: Phimosis is define as unretractable prepuce and has two different clinical presentation; pathological (PaP) and physiological. Physiological phimosis (PhP) is a common condition in children that does not require treatment. In our study, we aimed to determine the actual requirement for circumcision in patients with phimosis who were recommended circumcision. Material and Methods: Children who were offered circumcision due to phimosis between July 2019 and January 2020 and applied to the pediatric surgery and pediatric urology outpatient clinic were included in the study. They were evaluated in terms of referring physicians, genital examination findings and requirement for circumcision. Results: Between the study dates, 199 patients applied for circumcision due to phimosis.  126 patients are under one year old, 73 patients are over one year old. PhP was present in 194 of the patients and PaP in 5 of them. While PaP is not detected in patients under one year of age, there are 5 patients with PaP over one year of age (2%). There was no requirement for urgent circumcision in any of the patients. Genital examination revealed incidentally undescended testicle in 3 patients and hydrocele in 12 children. Conclusion: Male genital system examination and pathological findings are not well known by physicians. We think that there is a need for detailed training for physicians regarding PhP and childhood testicle pathologies.

scholarly journals Bakteriális infekciók májátültetés után

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (34) ◽  
pp. 1366-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Nemes ◽  
Fanni Gelley ◽  
Eszter Dabasi ◽  
György Gámán ◽  
Imre Fehérvári ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Postoperative Infection ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Biliary Complication ◽  
Cumulative Survival ◽  
Acute Renal Insufficiency ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Introduction: The authors reviewed the prevalence of postoperative infections, the results of bacterium cultures, and the incidence of multidrug resistance in their liver transplanted patients during a period between 2003 and 2012. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse risk factors and colonisations of bacterial infections. Method: The files of 408 patients (281 bacterium cultures) were reviewed. Results: Of the 408 patients 70 had a postoperative infection (17%); 58 patients (14.2%) had positive and 12 patients (2.9%) negative bacterial culture results. Cholangitis was found in 7 cases (12.1%), abdominal infection in 17 cases (29.3%), and pulmonal infection in 28 cases (48.3%). Postoperative infection was more frequent in patients with initial poor graft function, acute renal insufficiency, biliary complication, and in those with intraabdominal bleeding. The 1-, 3- and 5-year cumulative survival of patients who had infection was 70%, 56% and 56%, respectively, whereas the cumulative survival data of patients without infection was 94%, 87% and 85%, respectively (p<0.001). Multidrug resistance was found in 56% of the positive cultures, however, the one-year survival was not different in patients who had multidrug resistance positive and negative bacterial infection (both 70.2%). Conclusions: Infection control must target the management of multidrug resistance microbes through encouraging prevention, hygienic, and isolation rules, improving the operational, transfusion, and antimicrobial policy in a teamwork setting. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(34), 1366–1382.

Frequency and Causes of Pericardial Effusion in Patients Presenting to Emergency Department with Dyspnea

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1504-1506
Author(s):  
A. Abrar ◽  
F. Faisal ◽  
M. U. Rehman ◽  
A. A. Shah ◽  
M. Shoaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Detailed Medical History ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
One Year

Objective: To determine the frequency and causes of pericardial effusion in patients presenting to emergency department with dyspnea. Study Design: Prospective/Observational study Place & Duration:Cardiac Centre, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS),Islamabad for duration of one year from January 2019 to Dec 2019. Methods: A total 220 patients of both genders with ages above 20 years presented with dyspnea were enrolled in this study. Patients detailed medical history was recorded after taking informed consent. All patients had received echocardiography to examine the incidence of pericardial effusion. Causes of pericardial effusion were recorded. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: Out of 220 patients 38 (17.27%) patients had pericardial effusion. Among these 26 (68.42%) were males while rest 31.58% patients were females. 5 (13.16%) patients had ages <40 years while 33 (86.84%) patients had ages >40 years. 20 (52.63%) patients had small size effusion, 15 (39.47%) patients had moderate size and 3 (7.89%) patients had large size effusion. Neoplastic diseases were the commonest cause of pericardial effusion found in 15 (39.47%) patients followed by idiopathic in 10 (26.32%), uremia in 6 (15.79%) patients, 3 (7.89%) patients had bacterial infections, 3 (7.89%) had HIV positive and 1 (2.63%) patient had other. Conclusion: It is concluded that incidence of pericardial effusion is high in patients with unexplained dyspnea. Neoplastic was the commonest cause of pericardial effusion. Keywords: Pericardial Effusion, Frequency, Causes, Dyspnea. Electrocardiogram

scholarly journals A study of the outcome of pregnancy complicated by obstetric cholestasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Samik Medda ◽  
Sibani Sengupta ◽  
Upasana Palo
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Fetal Surveillance ◽  
Meconium Staining ◽  
One Year ◽  
Period Of Gestation

Background: Obstetric cholestasis is one of the most common causes of liver disease in pregnancy. Present study was carried out to study the incidence of Obstetric Cholestasis and its feto-maternal outcome in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: It is a prospective epidemiologycal study during a period of one year (2014 to 2015) over 100 pregnant ladies suffering from pruritus and detected as having Obstetric Cholestasis. They were followed up and maternal as well as fetal-neonatal outcome recorded. Appropriate statistical analysis done as applicable.Results: The incidence of Obstetric Cholestasis in our hospital was 9.9%. Majority of cases (43.0%) are diagnosed in late gestational age, mostly during 28 to 32 weeks period of gestation. Maternal morbidities are due to sleep disturbance (60/100), dyslipidemia, coagulation abnormality, PPH (10.0%) and increase chance of operative delivery (66.0%). Neonatal morbidities are mainly due to fetal distress, prematurity (22.0%), low birth weight (32/100) and meconium staining of amniotic fluid (42.0%). Maximum number of patients are delivered at 37 to 38 weeks, due to active and early intervention.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and active maternal and fetal surveillance is of utmost importance to avoid adverse outcomes.

scholarly journals A Descriptive Review of Selected Nonviral Enteric Illnesses Reported in Children in Quebec between 1999 and 2006

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. e92-e98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Kaboré ◽  
Pascal Michel ◽  
Patrick Levallois ◽  
Pierre Déry ◽  
Pierre Payment ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Geographical Characteristics

OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology of selected nonviral enteric illnesses reported in children in Quebec between 1999 and 2006.METHODS: Incidence rates were calculated to describe age, sex, temporal and geographical characteristics of the selected nonviral enteric cases reported in children who were between zero and four years of age. Standard descriptive methods were used to analyze the temporal and geographical distributions of the incidence rates.RESULTS: A total of 5068 cases were reported. Of these, three pathogens accounted for the majority of the infections:Giardia(32.52%),Salmonella(30.98%) andCampylobacter(30.82%).Salmonellawas most frequent in children younger than one year of age, whereas comparable incidence rates for the three pathogens were calculated for children between one and four years of age. ForGiardia, the geographical distributions showed that the highest rates were in areas with more than 100,000 inhabitants (except Montreal, Quebec); forSalmonella, the highest rates were in Montreal; and forCampylobacter,the highest rates were in areas with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants. No detectable trends were seen over the study period for the three pathogens. Seasonal summer peaks were noted forSalmonellaandCampylobacter, contrasting with late summer to early autumn peaks forGiardia.CONCLUSION: Findings suggest thatGiardia,SalmonellaandCampylobacterwere the most common causes of nonviral enteric illnesses reported in children in Quebec.Giardiacases seemed to arise from different sources and transmission routes than the other two pathogens. Characteristics specific toCampylobacterinfections in children, namely its predominance in areas with low population densities, and toSalmonellainfections, namely predominance in the Greater Montreal area, should be further investigated to better guide prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals Study of the role of an infectious factor in the development of stroke in children. Results of a 5-year retrospective analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
A. A. Ivanova ◽  
O. V. Shamsheva ◽  
I. O. Shchederkina
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
One Year

Objective: Determine the role of infectious diseases in the development of strokes in children and to identify risk groups for its progression.Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 660 case histories of children aged 1 months to 1 8 years old, hospitalized in Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital with stroke in the period from 201 6 to July 2020 was carried out.Results. An infectious disease or fever 4 weeks before stroke is diagnosed in 78 (1 2%) cases. Infections more often act as a stroke trigger in children under 7 years old (28% in children under one year old). The incidence of strokes against a background of a bacterial infection is higher than against a background of a viral infection (47% versus 35%). Among bacterial infections, meningitis (35%), otitis media (24%), pneumonia (1 8%) prevailed. With a viral infection, viruses of Herpes are more common (44%), as well as respiratory viruses (37%). Two cases of cerebrovascular accident were revealed in children who have undergone a new coro-navirus infection SARS-CoV-2 (7%). Among the types of stroke, with bacterial infection, sinus thrombosis was more common (50%), among viral infection, the most common was ischemic stroke (60%). The presence of an additional risk factor was revealed in 72%, most often these were prothrombotic conditions (35%).

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