scholarly journals Study of the role of an infectious factor in the development of stroke in children. Results of a 5-year retrospective analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
A. A. Ivanova ◽  
O. V. Shamsheva ◽  
I. O. Shchederkina
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
One Year

Objective: Determine the role of infectious diseases in the development of strokes in children and to identify risk groups for its progression.Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 660 case histories of children aged 1 months to 1 8 years old, hospitalized in Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital with stroke in the period from 201 6 to July 2020 was carried out.Results. An infectious disease or fever 4 weeks before stroke is diagnosed in 78 (1 2%) cases. Infections more often act as a stroke trigger in children under 7 years old (28% in children under one year old). The incidence of strokes against a background of a bacterial infection is higher than against a background of a viral infection (47% versus 35%). Among bacterial infections, meningitis (35%), otitis media (24%), pneumonia (1 8%) prevailed. With a viral infection, viruses of Herpes are more common (44%), as well as respiratory viruses (37%). Two cases of cerebrovascular accident were revealed in children who have undergone a new coro-navirus infection SARS-CoV-2 (7%). Among the types of stroke, with bacterial infection, sinus thrombosis was more common (50%), among viral infection, the most common was ischemic stroke (60%). The presence of an additional risk factor was revealed in 72%, most often these were prothrombotic conditions (35%).

scholarly journals Role of Autophagy and Apoptosis in the Postinfluenza Bacterial Pneumonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Qin ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Hongren Wang ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Xiaojun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Research Progress ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The risk of influenza A virus (IAV) is more likely caused by secondary bacterial infections. During the past decades, a great amount of studies have been conducted on increased morbidity from secondary bacterial infections following influenza and provide an increasing number of explanations for the mechanisms underlying the infections. In this paper, we first review the recent research progress that IAV infection increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. We then propose an assumption that autophagy and apoptosis manipulation are beneficial to antagonize post-IAV bacterial infection and discuss the clinical significance.

scholarly journals The Role of the Mature Neutrophil in Bacterial Infections in Acute Leukemia

Blood ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 814-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD T. SILVER ◽  
GRACE A. BEAL ◽  
MARVIN A. SCHNEIDERMAN ◽  
NORMAN B. MCCULLOUGH
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Mature Neutrophil ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract Its acute leukemia, phagocytosis of Brucella organisms by mature neutrophils was not impaired. Phagocytosis of these organisms was not altered by antimetabolite therapy or during periods of bacterial infection. The absolute mature neutrophil count when infection developed was found to vary from patient to patient. The onset of bacterial infection in patients with acute leukemia was preceded by dynamic decreases in the number of mature neutrophils in the peripheral blood. Seventeen of eighteen patients had lower mature neutrophil counts immediately prior to the onset of infection as compared to the period free of infection. The median decrease was 54 per cent. As infection did not always follow decreases in mature neutrophils it is suggested that other factors also play a role in the development of bacterial infections in patients with acute leukemia.

scholarly journals Viral and bacterial infection elicit distinct changes in plasma lipids in febrile children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhu Wang ◽  
Ruud Nijman ◽  
Stephane Camuzeaux ◽  
Caroline Sands ◽  
Heather Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cholesterol Sulfate ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Uk

AbstractFever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments in the UK. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. As a result, many children are prescribed antibiotics often unnecessarily, while others with life-threatening bacterial infections can remain untreated. The ‘omics’ approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n=20) and confirmed viral infection (n=20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection elicit distinct changes in the host lipidome. Glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphotidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were increased in the confirmed virus infected group, while fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were increased in cases with confirmed bacterial infection. A combination of three lipids achieved the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.918 (95% CI 0.835 to 1). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Microbial and Molecular Screening of Swimmers Associated with Conjunctivitis from Public Swimming Pools in Erbil Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Sazan Q. Maulud ◽  
Lawin A. Omar ◽  
Ahmed Nawzad Hassan ◽  
Rastee H. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
Microbial Agents

Public swimming pools, if not treated well could work as a reservoir of many microorganisms that cause infections among swimmers. Conjunctivitis is one of those common infections that resulted from microbial and non-microbial agents, microbial conjunctivitis caused by viral (mainly Human adenovirus HAdVs) and bacterial infections. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of microbial causative agents of swimming pool conjunctivitis and evaluating the swimming pools in terms of health and the extent of contamination in Erbil province. Eighty-eight specimens were isolated and identified from the swimmers showing signs and symptoms of swimming pool conjunctivitis from different public swimming pools in Erbil city from January to the end of February 2020. Sample identified using bacteriological methods, serology test, and nested PCR for detection of HAdVs. The swimmers samples consisted of 60 males and 28 females, and they were aged between 16-56 years. The obtained results showed that, out of 88 samples, 36 (40.91%) detected as a viral infection and 29 (32.95%) as bacterial infection, while, 23 (26.13%) showed no growth (non-microbial infection). Frequency of swimming pool conjunctivitis among male and female was 60 (68.2%) and 28 (31.8%) respectively. Depending on the obtained results, it can be concluded that conjunctivitis could result from viral, bacterial, and non-microbial agents, a viral infection is the main cause followed by a bacterial infection, also public swimming pools are not a safe place and swimmers are subjected to infection by different pathogens.

scholarly journals The cGAS-STING Pathway in Bacterial Infection and Bacterial Immunity

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanxin Liu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Pang ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Ping Ji
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sting Pathway

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS), along with the adaptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING), are crucial components of the innate immune system, and their study has become a research hotspot in recent years. Many biochemical and structural studies that have collectively elucidated the mechanism of activation of the cGAS-STING pathway with atomic resolution have provided insights into the roles of the cGAS-STING pathway in innate immunity and clues to the origin and evolution of the modern cGAS-STING signaling pathway. The cGAS-STING pathway has been identified to protect the host against viral infection. After detecting viral dsDNA, cGAS synthesizes a second messenger to activate STING, eliciting antiviral immune responses by promoting the expression of interferons (IFNs) and hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Recently, the cGAS-STING pathway has also been found to be involved in response to bacterial infections, including bacterial pneumonia, melioidosis, tuberculosis, and sepsis. However, compared with its functions in viral infection, the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in bacterial infection is more complex and diverse since the protective and detrimental effects of type I IFN (IFN-I) on the host depend on the bacterial species and infection mode. Besides, STING activation can also affect infection prognosis through other mechanisms in different bacterial infections, independent of the IFN-I response. Interestingly, the core protein components of the mammalian cGAS-STING signaling pathway have been found in the bacterial defense system, suggesting that this widespread signaling pathway may have originated in bacteria. Here, we review recent findings related to the structures of major molecules involved in the cGAS-STING pathway and the effects of the cGAS-STING pathway in various bacterial infections and bacterial immunity, which may pave the way for the development of new antibacterial drugs that specifically kill bacteria without harmful effects on the host.

scholarly journals Thrombocytosis as a Predictor of Serious Bacterial Infection in Febrile Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (41) ◽  
pp. 401-404
Author(s):  
Deepak Mishra ◽  
Amit Kumar Das ◽  
Ram Hari Chapagain ◽  
Nitu Kumari Jha ◽  
Ganesh Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
P Value ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Young Infants

Background: Most of the febrile infants <90 days old will have no more than a mild viral infection but there is a substantial minority that will be diagnosed as having serious bacterial infection at a reported prevalence of 10–14%. A simple, readily available, inexpensive diagnostic marker that yields results quickly and also accurately identifies bacterial infections in febrile infants would be of great value in management of these infants. This study aims to assess the role of thrombocytosis in predicting serious bacterial infection in young febrile infants beyond neonatal period.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional observational study was conducted from May 2016 to April 2017 on 76 febrile infants of age group 29-90 days in Kanti Children’s Hospital.Results: The incidence of serious bacterial infection was found 43 (56.6%). Thrombocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein and pyuria were significantly higher in serious bacterial infection cases (p value <0.05). Thrombocytosis alone had the sensitivity of only 53.5%, but had specificity of 90.9%. Elevated C-reactive protein had the best sensitivity (81.4%). Combination of leukocytosis, elevated C-reactive protein, pyuria and thrombocytosis had better sensitivity (93.0%) than these parameters alone. The overall ability of platelet count to identify infants with SBI was only moderate (AUC: 0.722). Elevated C-reactive protein was found to have better ability to identify infants with serious bacterial infection (AUC: 0.846).Conclusions: Thrombocytosis is a common finding in young infants diagnosed with serious bacterial infection. It has however, moderate ability in identifying infants with serious bacterial infection. Combining thrombocytosis with elevated C-reactive protein, leukocytosis and pyuria has better sensitivity in diagnosing serious bacterial infection than these individual parameters alone. Hence, combining these parameters may help in early prediction of febrile young infants at risk of serious bacterial infection.Keywords: Febrile young infants; serious bacterial infection; thrombocytosis.

scholarly journals Fertility outcomes following myomectomy in infertile patients at our centre: a retrospective analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Nidhi Goyal ◽  
K. Jayakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
One Year ◽  
Infertile Patients

Background: Fibroids have been known to cause infertility due to multiple factors. However, the role of myomectomy in patients with intramural and subserosal fibroids has been a topic of debate. This study evaluates outcomes following myomectomy in patients seeking treatment for infertility at study centre.Methods: This was hospital based retrospective study which evaluated 92 infertile patients who took treatment for infertility.Results: A total 41.3% patients conceived within one year of myomectomy. Pregnancy rates were better in patients with intramural combined with submucous fibroids, age between 30 and 35 years, size of largest fibroid between 3 and 6 cm and when number of fibroids were between 3 and 6 and conception was maximum after ovulation induction.Conclusions: Pregnancy rates after myomectomy are better in young patients with large fibroids. Active management for infertility needs to be done after myomectomy.

scholarly journals Beyond Metabolism: Role of the Immune System in Hepatic Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Hastings ◽  
Martin D. Green ◽  
Bin Gao ◽  
Patricia E. Ganey ◽  
Robert A. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hepatic Toxicity ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Spectrum

The liver is primarily thought of as a metabolic organ; however, the liver is also an important mediator of immunological functions. Key perspectives on this emerging topic were presented in a symposium at the 2018 annual meeting of the American College of Toxicology entitled “Beyond metabolism: Role of the immune system in hepatic toxicity.” Viral hepatitis is an important disease of the liver for which insufficient preventive vaccines exist. Host immune responses inadequately clear these viruses and often potentiate immunological inflammation that damages the liver. In addition, the liver is a key innate immune organ against bacterial infection. Hepatocytes and immune cells cooperatively control systemic and local bacterial infections. Conversely, bacterial infection can activate multiple types of immune cells and pathways to cause hepatocyte damage and liver injury. Finally, the immune system and specifically cytokines and drugs can interact in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury. This rare disease can result in a disease spectrum that ranges from mild to acute liver failure. The immune system plays a role in this disease spectrum.

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