scholarly journals Diagnostic methods and protocols used in investigating Toxoplasma gondii in humans: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (04) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Shmeeran Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease, is a parasitic infection caused by a coccidian protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. In immunocompetent people, the infection is asymptomatic, while it can produce serious signs in immunocompromised people and in developing fetuses. Accurate diagnosis is dependent, mainly, on the clinical features. However, in immunocompromised patients, the diagnosis is very difficult and may lead to misdiagnosis and improper treatment. Today, molecular diagnosis and serotyping are widely used for the diagnosis of T. gondii in many countries. The aim of the present short review is to highlight the current diagnostic methods and protocols that are used for the diagnosis of T. gondii in humans.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of Molecular Diagnostic Tools for Bacterial Bloodstream Infections: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Pierre Rutanga ◽  
Therese Nyirahabimana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Tools

Bacterial bloodstream infection (bBSI) represents any form of invasiveness of the blood circulatory system caused by bacteria and can lead to death among critically ill patients. Thus, there is a need for rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with septicemia. So far, different molecular diagnostic tools have been developed. The majority of these tools focus on amplification based techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which allows the detection of nucleic acids (both DNA and small RNAs) that are specific to bacterial species and sequencing or nucleic acid hybridization that allows the detection of bacteria in order to reduce delay of appropriate antibiotic therapy. However, there is still a need to improve sensitivity of most molecular techniques to enhance their accuracy and allow exact and on time antibiotic therapy treatment. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review of the existing studies conducted in molecular diagnosis of bBSIs, with the main aim of reporting on clinical significance and benefits of molecular diagnosis to patients. We searched both Google Scholar and PubMed. In total, eighteen reviewed papers indicate that shift from conventional diagnostic methods to molecular tools is needed and would lead to accurate diagnosis and treatment of bBSI.

scholarly journals Potential Analysis Of Toxoplasmosis Distribution In Wild Cats (Felis silvestris) In Some Markets Of Sidoarjo District Through Microscopic Identification Of Toxoplasma gondii

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Rizal Zakaria ◽  
Syahrul Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Felis Silvestris ◽  
Potential Analysis ◽  
Microscopic Identification ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Wild Cats

There are many diseases caused by parasitic infection, one of them is toxoplasmosis which is a zoonotic disease. This study was to determine the potential spread of wild cat toxoplasmosis in several markets. The sample used in this study were 24 stray cats taken from the Larangan market, Suko market and Sukodono market in Sidorajo district, using a method of determining the size of the sample based on incidental sampling. Sample were examined using the floating method.The prevalence result obtained from Larangan market (37,5%), Suko market (37,5%) and Sukodono market (12,5%). Prevalence result in Larangan market and Suko market greater than in Sukodono market, this is due to environmental factors in Sukodono market cleaner and better sanitation. Human can become infected with oocyst if they consume food or inhale particle contaminated with T.gondii parasites. High number of cat with oocyst T.gondii can be caused by a dirty environment.

scholarly journals Trends in Molecular Diagnosis and Diversity Studies for Phytosanitary Regulated Xanthomonas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Vittoria Catara ◽  
Jaime Cubero ◽  
Joël F. Pothier ◽  
Eran Bosis ◽  
Claude Bragard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diversity Studies

Bacteria in the genus Xanthomonas infect a wide range of crops and wild plants, with most species responsible for plant diseases that have a global economic and environmental impact on the seed, plant, and food trade. Infections by Xanthomonas spp. cause a wide variety of non-specific symptoms, making their identification difficult. The coexistence of phylogenetically close strains, but drastically different in their phenotype, poses an added challenge to diagnosis. Data on future climate change scenarios predict an increase in the severity of epidemics and a geographical expansion of pathogens, increasing pressure on plant health services. In this context, the effectiveness of integrated disease management strategies strongly depends on the availability of rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic methods. The accumulation of genomic information in recent years has facilitated the identification of new DNA markers, a cornerstone for the development of more sensitive and specific methods. Nevertheless, the challenges that the taxonomic complexity of this genus represents in terms of diagnosis together with the fact that within the same bacterial species, groups of strains may interact with distinct host species demonstrate that there is still a long way to go. In this review, we describe and discuss the current molecular-based methods for the diagnosis and detection of regulated Xanthomonas, taxonomic and diversity studies in Xanthomonas and genomic approaches for molecular diagnosis.

scholarly journals Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei versus Granulomatous Rosacea: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 321-329
Author(s):  
Ji-In Seo ◽  
Min Kyung Shin
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatoses ◽  
Granulomatous Rosacea

Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) and granulomatous rosacea are 2 distinct inflammatory dermatoses with overlapping clinical features: reddish-yellow papular eruptions localized on the central face. Consequently, LMDF can easily be misdiagnosed as granulomatous rosacea or vice versa. Because delayed treatment in LMDF may increase chances of permanent scar formation, accurate diagnosis is important. We therefore analyzed published literature and case studies to organize the essential features differentiating LMDF from granulomatous rosacea. In addition, we report each case of LMDF and granulomatous rosacea for direct comparison.

scholarly journals Multicenter comparative assessment of the TIB MolBiol Toxoplasma gondii detection kit and four laboratory-developed PCR assays for molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart ◽  
Florence Robert-Gangneux ◽  
Isabelle Accoceberry ◽  
Simon Pichard ◽  
Cécile Garnaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Pcr Assays

Histopathology of Gastric and Duodenal Strongyloides stercoralis Locations in Fifteen Immunocompromised Subjects

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (12) ◽  
pp. 1792-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Rivasi ◽  
Silvio Pampiglione ◽  
Renzo Boldorini ◽  
Loredana Cardinale
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
Duodenal Biopsies

Abstract Context.—Strongyloidiasis is a worldwide parasitic infection affecting approximately 75 million people. In Italy, it was more prevalent in the past among rural populations of irrigated areas. Objective.—To determine the histopathologic alterations of the gastric and duodenal mucosa associated with the presence of Strongyloides stercoralis parasites. Design.—Fifteen cases of strongyloidiasis were observed in immunocompromised patients during a recent 6-year period in Italy. S stercoralis was found histologically in gastric biopsies (10 cases), in a gastrectomy (1 case), and in duodenal biopsies (9 cases). In 5 cases the parasite was present both in gastric and duodenal biopsies. Four patients were affected by lymphoma, 2 by multiple myeloma, 2 by gastric carcinoma, 1 by chronic myeloid leukemia, 1 by sideroblastic anemia, 1 by colorectal adenocarcinoma, 1 by chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, 1 by chronic gastritis, 1 by gastric ulcers, and 1 by rheumatoid arthritis in corticosteroid therapy. No patient was affected by human immunodeficiency virus infection. Strongyloidiasis was not clinically diagnosed. Results.—Histologic examination revealed several sections of S stercoralis larvae, many eggs, and some adult forms. All the parasites were located in the gastric and/or the duodenal crypts. Eosinophils infiltrating into the lamina propria were found in all cases; their intensity was correlated with the intensity of the infection. Conclusions.—Histologic diagnosis of strongyloidiasis must be taken into consideration when examining both gastric and duodenal biopsies in immunocompromised patients, to avoid the development of an overwhelming infection of the parasite, which is dangerous for the life of the patient.

scholarly journals THE UTILITY OF BLOOD AND BONE MARROW FILMS AND TREPHINE BIOPSY SECTIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e2015039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Miller ◽  
Barbara Bain
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Bone Marrow Examination ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Trephine Biopsy ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Blood Examination

The laboratory haematologist has a role in the diagnosis of parasitic infections. Peripheral blood examination is critical in the diagnosis of malaria, babesiosis, filariasis and trypanosomiasis. Bone marrow examination is important in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis and occasionally leads to the diagnosis of other parasitic infections. The detection of eosinophilia or iron deficiency anaemia can alert the laboratory haematologist or physician to the possibility of parasitic infection. In addition to morphological skills, an adequate clinical history is important for speedy and accurate diagnosis, particularly in non-endemic areas.

scholarly journals Case Report: Bilateral mandibular buccal bifurcation cysts

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1502
Author(s):  
Ashwag Aloyouny ◽  
Hamad Albagieh ◽  
Soad Mansour ◽  
Fahmy Mobarak
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
English Language ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Odontogenic Cyst ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Review Of The Literature

Buccal bifurcation cyst (BBC) is a rare inflammatory odontogenic cyst, which commonly affects children in the first decade of life. We report a case of a seven-year-old healthy boy with bilateral BBC, which involved unerupted incomplete permanent mandibular first molars. A review of the literature in English language revealed few similar cases. We reviewed 16 manuscripts of bilateral mandibular BBC, reporting a total of 20 cases since 1970. The clinical features of bilateral mandibular BBC summarized here could assist specialists with an accurate diagnosis and provide patients with optimal management.

scholarly journals Performance of 2 Polymerization Protocols Targeting Cloned Toxoplasma Parasites

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1577-1580
Author(s):  
Nihal A. Hanafy ◽  
Mohamed S. Badr ◽  
Ghada M. Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Amplification Failure ◽  
Reference Samples

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasitic infection of humans. Infection is usually mild. Serious complications can occur in pregnant and immunocompromised patients. AIM: The present study aims to investigate the performance of 2 different PCR protocols; real-time quantitative molecular assays (qPCR) and conventional molecular assays (cPCR), using 2 different sets of primers and by using cloned purified Toxoplasma genomic substances to be evaluated as reference samples. METHODS: The target DNA was provided in 8 different quantities. RESULTS: Amplification failure was reported only with the cPCR in samples of low concentrations using both primer sets. Quantitative PCR detected the 8 different dilutions of the purified Toxoplasma gondii using the 2 sets of primers while cPCR was sensitive to detect only 6 different dilutions. CONCLUSION: Generally real-time quantitative molecular assays, is easy to use method compared to conventional PCR assay and produces more reliable results within only one hour time but still the possible application of qPCRs in routine diagnosis necessitates analysis of a large number of clinical samples in further studies to make the proper choice.

scholarly journals Paraneoplastic pemphigus: A trait d’union between dermatology and oncology

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Didona ◽  
Biagio Didona ◽  
Antonio G Richetta ◽  
Carmen Cantisani ◽  
Elisa Moliterni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus ◽  
Pathological Evaluation

<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a rare autoimmune disease of the skin associated with neoplasm. Nowadays, the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic pemphigus is not fully understood. Due to its rarity, various criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis. For this reason, several diagnostic methods have been considered useful for the diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus including indirect immunofluorescence, direct immune of fluorescence, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, the polymorphic clinical features and the various results of laboratory tests and pathological evaluation present a challenge for the clinicians.</p>

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