Analysis of health risks associated with food safety

Introduction. Aim. Selection of priority safety indicators and optimal research scope through analysis of potential health risks associated with chemical and microbiological safety of food products (FP). Materials and methods. Retrospectively analyzed data on chemical and microbiological safety of FP addressed on the consumer market of the Republic of Buryatia for 2016-2020. Assessment of the potential risk of harm to human health included prediction performed on linear regression models. Results. The maximum probability of violations of mandatory requirements for chemical and microbiological contamination was noted for dairy products. The minimum probability of violations was identified for the biologically active additives and industrial baby FP. The calculation of potential risks to consumer health based on the results of studies of FP revealed the categories of “high risk” - fish and seafood, “significant risk” - dairy products, confectionery, vegetables, melons, soft drinks. It was found that the supply of fish and seafood, poultry and poultry products had long supply chains, when the risks associated with non-compliance with their transportation and storage conditions were most likely Correlations were revealed between the risk level according to the microbiological criterion associated with the contamination of food, fish, culinary products, poultry meat and the incidence of acute intestinal infections. The indicated factor signs determine from 28.6% to 67.0% of the variance of the incidence. Conclusion. Identification of potential risks of harm to the public health related to FP safety indicates the need for further monitoring of the content of chemical and microbiological contaminants.

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Potential risks related to anabolic steroids use on nervous, cardiovascular and reproductive systems disorders in men

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences ◽

10.1515/cipms-2018-0026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 135-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Agnieszka Kujawska ◽

Joanna Androsiuk-Perkowska ◽

Jakub Husejko ◽

Marcin Kozuchowski ◽

Daria Bieniek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Anabolic Steroids ◽

Biochemical Mechanism ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Potential Health ◽

Amateur Sport ◽

Thrombotic Complications ◽

Potential Risks ◽

The Many ◽

The Relationship

AbstractAnabolic steroids (AS) have been a subject of intensive research for the last several decades. Due to wide use of AS in pharmacological treatment and in professional and amateur sport, it is, hence, worthwhile to describe the biochemical mechanism of the effects of AS usage in humans and its potential health risks. In this work, the relationship between diet and its effect on the level of testosterone in blood is described. Testosterone affects the nervous system, however, there is need for further researches to examine the influence of AS therapy on emotional and cognitive functioning. AS therapy has known negative effects on the cardiovascular system: cardiac hypertrophy can occur, blood pressure can vastly increased, thrombotic complications can come about. These effects are observed not only in patients who are treated with AS, but also in athletes. The paper also describes the relationship between AS and reproductive system diseases. Decreased libido and erectile dysfunction are only some of the many side effects of an incorrect AS treatment.

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RetractedHuman Health Risk of Chromium Intake From Consumption of Poultry Meat and Eggs in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-7.14.30 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (14) ◽

pp. 30-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Md. Shakhaoat Hossain ◽

Prantik Roy ◽

Monira Islam ◽

Md. Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury ◽

Zeenath Fardous ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Health Risks ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Poultry Feed ◽

Potential Health ◽

Meat And Eggs ◽

Target Hazard Quotients

Background. Heavy metals contamination of food is a serious threat. Long term exposure may lead to human health risks. Poultry and eggs are a major source of protein, but if contaminated by heavy metals, have the potential to lead to detrimental effects on human health. Objectives. The objective of this study is to determine chromium concentrations in poultry meat (flesh and liver) and eggs collected from poultry farms in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to calculate the daily intake of chromium from the consumption of poultry meat and eggs for adults, and to evaluate their potential health risk by calculating the target hazard quotients (THQ). Methods. All samples of poultry feed, meat (flesh and liver) and eggs were analyzed by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) (GFA- EX- 7i Shimadju, Japan). Results. Chromium concentrations were recorded in the range of not detected (ND) to 1.3926±0.0010 mg kg−1 and 0.0678±0.0001 mg kg−1 to 1.3764±0.0009 mg kg−1 in the liver of broiler and layer chickens, respectively. Chromium concentrations were determined in the range of 0.069±1.0004 mgkg−1 to 2.0746±0.0021 mg kg−1 and 0.0362±0.0002 mg kg−1 to 1.2752±0.0014 mg kg−1 in the flesh of broiler and layer chicken, respectively. The mean concentration of chromium in eggs was 0.2174−1.08 mg kg.−1 The highest concentration of chromium 2.4196±0.0019 mg kg−1 was found in egg yolk. Target hazard quotients values in all poultry flesh, liver and eggs samples were less than one, indicating no potential health risks to consumers. Conclusions. The estimated daily intake values of chromium were below the threshold limit. Thus, our results indicate that no adverse health effects are expected as a resultof ingestion of chicken fed with tannery waste. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Ethics Approval: This study was approved by the Biosafety, Biosecurity & Ethical Committee of Jahangirnagar University.

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Elemental Composition and Associated Health Risk of Honey Obtained from Apiary Farms in Southeast Nigeria

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-20-072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (10) ◽

pp. 1745-1756

Author(s):

NWOGO AJUKA OBASI ◽

CHINYERE ALOKE ◽

STELLA EBERECHUKWU OBASI ◽

ADEMOLA CLEMENT FAMUREWA ◽

PATIENCE NKEMJIKA OGBU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Risk ◽

Health Risk ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Hazard Index ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Risk Level ◽

Potential Health ◽

Flame Atomic Absorption ◽

Threshold Limit ◽

Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

ABSTRACT This study investigated the levels of lead, selenium, arsenic, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in honey and their potential health risks to consumers, using standard protocols. The honey samples were obtained from apiary farms at nine different locations in southeast Nigeria. They were digested at optimal conditions and analyzed using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Levels of the studied elements in the honey were found to vary relative to the sample source; however, all were below European Commission maximum permissible limits, with the exception of lead, whose level in some samples exceeded the recommended set limit. Estimated daily intakes of the elements via ingestion of the honey were all below the maximum permissible limit set by the European Food Safety Authority, with the exception of arsenic, whose values in some samples slightly exceeded the set limit. For all samples, estimated health risk values for the elements quantified were higher in children than in adults. The hazard quotient for arsenic, hence, the hazard index for the elements, indicated a significant risk (>1) for children for some of the honey samples studied. Arsenic was the major contributor to incremental lifetime cancer risk; its estimated value for children in all the honey samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) threshold limit (>1.0 × 10−4); hence, the total cancer risk values for the carcinogenic elements indicated an absolute unacceptable risk level for children based on EPA threshold limit. HIGHLIGHTS

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mullus surmuletus from the Catania Gulf (Sicily, Italy): distribution and potential health risks

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-020-11052-z ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rosaria Ornella Bua ◽

Annalinda Contino ◽

Alessandro Giuffrida

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Human Health ◽

Health Risks ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Local Population ◽

Risk Level ◽

Potential Health ◽

Mullus Surmuletus ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Pahs Concentration

Abstract Different specimens of Mullus surmuletus from the Catania Gulf (Sicily) were sampled and analysed for the quantification of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in order to evaluate the distribution of these pollutants and the potential human health risks associated to the consumption of fish. The determined PAHs concentration values ranged from 0.25 to 6.10 ng/g wet weight and the most abundant PAHs detected were lower molecular weight (LMW) compounds with 2 to 3 rings. Relying on the PAHs concentration values, on the consumption data and on the total toxic equivalent (TEQ), the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was assessed and its calculated value (2.97 × 10−7) is far below the “maximum acceptable risk level” (ARL), suggesting a low potential carcinogenic risk on consuming M. surmuletus for local population. Even though the study shows a quite low contamination level in M. surmuletus, intensive monitoring programmes are still highly needed in order to provide a better picture of the PAHs distribution in Catania Gulf and of the human health risk linked to fish consumption.

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On issues related to national risk-based system for control over food products distributed on the market

Health Risk Analysis ◽

10.21668/health.risk/2021.4.03 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26-41

Author(s):

N.V. Zaitseva ◽

◽

I.V. May ◽

D.А. Kiryanov ◽

V.М. Chigvintsev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Safety Management ◽

Model Development ◽

Food Products ◽

Risk Level ◽

Risk Profiles ◽

Potential Health ◽

Systemic Control ◽

Control Procedures ◽

Further Development

This research is vital given great significance of food safety for population and bearing in mind that food products are an independent object of sanitary-epidemiologic control as it is stipulated by the legislation. We suggest approaches to creating a risk-based model for control over food products distributed on the market. These ap-proaches involve categorizing food products as per potential health risks for consumers; building up risk profiles of food products; optimizing laboratory support provided for control and surveillance activities taking into account food products safety management. When categorizing food products, risk is assessed as a combination of probable violation of obligatory requirements to safety and severity of consequences these violations might have. Food products that are assigned into extremely high, high and considerable risk categories are subject to systemic control once a year, every two years or every three years accordingly. In case a surveillance object seems “law-abiding’, its category and intensity of control procedures may be changed. Programs for laboratory control over food products are suggested to be based on risk profiles, spotting out priority indicators that make major contributions into risks. Also the approach involves using mathematical models that describe a relation between a number of observations and an expected answer (as a reduction in quantities of deviating samples at the next stage in the control cycle). This model determines how many samples of priority indicators should be tested in order to achieve a target risk level. It also allows predict an expected number of violations and health risk rates at the next stage in the control cycle given the present number of observations. 85 regional registers of food products were created and categories were determined as per health risks for all groups of food products under surveillance. It was shown that in some cases it was necessary to increase a number of observations over priority (“risky”) indicators in order to detect hazardous products and withdraw them from the market. Certain examinations seem redundant as they don’t play any role in making control procedures more efficient. The suggested approaches are universal and dynamic. Basic trends in the model development may include more targeted selection of products for control; risk profiles creations and systemic actualization; further development of laboratory support for control (surveillance) given that the food products market is changing dynamically in the country.

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Risking health for rental housing: Reviewing service access in the informal backyard rental sector

Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies ◽

10.4102/jamba.v12i1.947 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Louis G. Lategan ◽

Shayne Erasmus ◽

Markus Zietsman ◽

Elizelle J. Cilliers ◽

Mario Wolf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Rental Housing ◽

National Policy ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Future Research ◽

Service Access ◽

Potential Health ◽

Research Attention ◽

Potential Risks

Informal backyard rentals (IBRs) constitute South Africa’s fastest growing housing subsector, flourishing within a relative research vacuum and without national policy intervention to address the vulnerabilities of stakeholders to the health risks potentially presented. This article reviewed the literature on IBRs, focussing on past policies and interventions, general characteristics, infrastructure and service access to inform an analysis of potential health risks from the existing literature to guide future research and policy-making. Research followed a qualitative approach to review IBR literature dating after 2004. Relevant publications were identified from bibliographic databases using Boolean search logic and by reviewing citations in and later citations of these publications. Relevant secondary sources were also included. The review evidenced that IBRs have received increasing policy, but limited research attention, and that health hazards have been particularly neglected. Although issues such as shared water and sanitation, inappropriate waste disposal, poor hygiene practices, high densities and poor quality structures have been referenced extensively – alluding to risks and health concerns – few studies have focussed directly on health, risk and vulnerability. The risk analysis completed based on the literature made potential risks explicit, exemplified by references to specific conditions, such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and the coronavirus pandemic, demonstrating pathogenic pathways, contamination and transmission risks conducive to poor health, infection and potential disaster. The review captured and updated the contemporary literature on IBRs, with the subsequent analysis providing a platform for future empirical research on health, infrastructure and IBRs to address potential risks towards positive change in future policies.

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441. A Comparison of 8 Preferred/Recommended EPA Atmospheric Dispersion Models Used to Estimate Potential Health Risks from Process Emissions

10.3320/1.2766392 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

R. Clinkenbeard ◽

T. Hall

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Atmospheric Dispersion ◽

Dispersion Models ◽

Potential Health ◽

Atmospheric Dispersion Models

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Placenta-Expanded Stromal Cell Therapy in a Rodent Model of Simulated Weightlessness

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10040940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 940

Author(s):

Linda Rubinstein ◽

Amber M. Paul ◽

Charles Houseman ◽

Metadel Abegaz ◽

Steffy Tabares Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Medical Intervention ◽

Hindlimb Unloading ◽

Simulated Weightlessness ◽

Potential Health ◽

Long Duration ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Splenic Atrophy

Long duration spaceflight poses potential health risks to astronauts during flight and re-adaptation after return to Earth. There is an emerging need for NASA to provide successful and reliable therapeutics for long duration missions when capability for medical intervention will be limited. Clinically relevant, human placenta-derived therapeutic stromal cells (PLX-PAD) are a promising therapeutic alternative. We found that treatment of adult female mice with PLX-PAD near the onset of simulated weightlessness by hindlimb unloading (HU, 30 d) was well-tolerated and partially mitigated decrements caused by HU. Specifically, PLX-PAD treatment rescued HU-induced thymic atrophy, and mitigated HU-induced changes in percentages of circulating neutrophils, but did not rescue changes in the percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, T-cells and splenic atrophy. Further, PLX-PAD partially mitigated HU effects on the expression of select cytokines in the hippocampus. In contrast, PLX-PAD failed to protect bone and muscle from HU-induced effects, suggesting that the mechanisms which regulate the structure of these mechanosensitive tissues in response to disuse are discrete from those that regulate the immune- and central nervous system (CNS). These findings support the therapeutic potential of placenta-derived stromal cells for select physiological deficits during simulated spaceflight. Multiple countermeasures are likely needed for comprehensive protection from the deleterious effects of prolonged spaceflight.

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Impact of Bacillus in fermented soybean foods on human health

Annals of Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s13213-021-01641-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Trishala Gopikrishna ◽

Harini Keerthana Suresh Kumar ◽

Kumar Perumal ◽

Elavarashi Elangovan

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Health Risks ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Potential Health ◽

Fermented Soybean ◽

Food Pathogens ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Fermented Soybean Foods

Abstract Purpose Fermented soybean foods (FSF) is popularly consumed in the South-East Asian countries. Bacillus species, a predominant microorganism present in these foods, have demonstrated beneficial and deleterious impacts on human health. These microorganisms produce bioactive compounds during fermentation that have beneficial impacts in improving human health. However, the health risks associated with FSF, food pathogens, biogenic amines (BAs) production, and late-onset anaphylaxis, remain a concern. The purpose of this review is to present an in-depth analysis of positive and negative impacts as a result of consumption of FSF along with the measures to alleviate health risks for human consumption. Methods This review was composed by scrutinizing contemporary literature of peer-reviewed publications related to Bacillus and FSF. Based on the results from academic journals, this review paper was categorized into FSF, role of Bacillus species in these foods, process of fermentation, beneficial, and adverse influence of these foods along with methods to improve food safety. Special emphasis was given to the potential benefits of bioactive compounds released during fermentation of soybean by Bacillus species. Results The nutritional and functional properties of FSF are well-appreciated, due to the release of peptides and mucilage, which have shown health benefits: in managing cardiac disease, gastric disease, cancer, allergies, hepatic disease, obesity, immune disorders, and especially microbial infections due to the presence of probiotic property, which is a potential alternative to antibiotics. Efficient interventions were established to mitigate pitfalls like the techniques to reduce BAs and food pathogens and by using a defined starter culture to improve the safety and quality of these foods. Conclusion Despite some of the detrimental effects produced by these foods, potential health benefits have been observed. Therefore, soybean foods fermented by Bacillus can be a promising food by integrating effective measures for maintaining safety and quality for human consumption. Further, in vivo analysis on the activity and dietary interventions of bioactive compounds among animal models and human volunteers are yet to be achieved which is essential to commercialize them for safe consumption by humans, especially immunocompromised patients.

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