scholarly journals Correction of Selenium status as a tool for preventive medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-453
Author(s):  
Aksana N. Mazilina ◽  
Anatoly V. Skalny ◽  
Valerii N. Rakitskii ◽  
Aleksander S. Rusanov ◽  
Lyubov N. Chernova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Se Status

Introduction. Due to the many physiological functions of Selenium (Se), its deficiency is associated with a broad spectrum of adverse health effects. This review aims to analyze epidemiological data on the relation of selenium status to public health and the possibility of selenium-containing drugs usage. Material and methods. Based on the literature search in Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, epidemiological data on the association between Se status and population health and effects of Se supplementation were analyzed. Results. Meta-analyses indexed in the Cochrane Library demonstrated a significant association between Se status and many pathologies. Specifically, it has been shown that subjects with physiologically high Se body burden are characterized by a 24-31% lower risk of cancer and 36% lower risk of cancer-related mortality. It is also notable that Se supplementation in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women reduced the risk of maternal diarrhoea and low birth mass in offspring. Moreover, Se supplementation in premature newborns and critically low mass newborns significantly decreased the risk of sepsis. Many extensive epidemiological studies also demonstrated the efficiency of improvement in the Se status concerning coronary heart disease and sepsis mortality risk. At the same time, constant monitoring of Se body burden is essential for assessing Se supplementation efficiency and prevention of adverse health effects of Se overload. It is also noted that Se status is considered as the determinant of the efficiency of prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer under Se supplementation. Conclusion. Given the high incidence of Se deficiency in Russia (24-45% depending on the region), assessment and improvement of Se status may be considered a valuable tool for population health management.

Effect of Statins on the Risk of Different Stages of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yun Li ◽  
Xuan Cheng ◽  
Jia-lian Zhu ◽  
Wen-wen Luo ◽  
Huai-rong Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Search

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The aim of this article was to investigate the relationship between statins and the risk of different stages or grades of prostate cancer. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A comprehensive literature search was performed for articles published until December 18, 2020, on the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were then analyzed using the STATA.16.0 software. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 588,055 patients from 14 studies were included in the analysis. We found that the use of statins expressed a significant correlation with a lower risk of advanced prostate cancer (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73–0.91; RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75–0.99, respectively). However, no evidence suggested that the use of statins was beneficial for the prevention of localized prostate cancer incidence. Similarly, the pooled results also revealed no association between the use of statins and the risk of high-grade and low-grade prostate cancer. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> It has been found that the use of statins is associated with a lower risk of advanced prostate cancer but was not related to the risk of localized, low-grade, or high-grade prostate cancer.

scholarly journals The Effect of Trans Fatty Acids on Human Health: Regulation and Consumption Patterns

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2452
Author(s):  
Davit Pipoyan ◽  
Stella Stepanyan ◽  
Seda Stepanyan ◽  
Meline Beglaryan ◽  
Lara Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Harmful Effects

Health effects of trans fatty acids (TFAs) on human organisms can vary according to their type, structure, composition, and origin. Even though the adverse health effects of industrial TFAs (iTFAs) have been widely discussed, the health effects of natural TFAs (nTFAs) are still questionable. Hence, it is important to review the literature and provide an overall picture on the health effects of different TFAs coming from industrial and ruminant sources, underlining those types that have adverse health effects as well as suggesting methods for reducing their harmful effects. Multiple databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, etc.) were searched with the key words “trans fatty acid sources”, “ruminant”, “industrial”, “conjugated trans linoleic acid”, “human”, “coronary heart disease”, “cancer”, etc. Reference lists of the studies were scanned discussing the health effects of iTFAs and nTFAs. The review of the literature showed that iTFAs are found to be more harmful than ruminant-produced nTFAs. Although several beneficial effects (such as reduced risk of diabetes) for nTFAs have been observed, they should be used with caution. Since during labeling it is usually not mentioned whether the TFAs contained in food are of industrial or natural origin, the general suggestion is to reduce their consumption.

scholarly journals Statin Use and Cancer Incidence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Network Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Bing Hu ◽  
En-De Hu ◽  
Rong-Quan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are involved closely with cancer. This work aims to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to examine the effect of different types of statins on cancer incidence in patients with T2DM. Methods. We systematically searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang databases from January 1999 to March 2017. We performed a pairwise meta-analysis to estimate the pooled ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A NMA was performed to compare different types of statins. Results. Seven publications were included. In pairwise meta-analysis, the incidence of cancer in T2DM patients was reduced when simvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavastatin were used. In the result of NMA, the usage of simvastatin (RR 0.30 and 95% CI 0.16–0.56), atorvastatin (RR 0.29 and 95% CI 0.09–0.88), pravastatin (RR 0.34 and 95% CI 0.12–0.93), fluvastatin (RR 0.27 and 95% CI 0.09–0.83), rosuvastatin (RR 0.22 and 95% CI 0.10–0.49), and pitavastatin (RR 0.33 and 95% CI 0.20–0.57) was superior to the nonstatin groups. When compared with six other statins, rosuvastatin appeared to be the best one. Conclusions. Different statins can reduce the risk of cancer in patients with T2DM. Our analyses suggest that rosuvastatin may be more effective than others.

scholarly journals Use of Antibiotics and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Petrelli ◽  
Michele Ghidini ◽  
Antonio Ghidini ◽  
Gianluca Perego ◽  
Mary Cabiddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cancer Occurrence ◽  
Incident Cancer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

The association between antibiotic use and risk of cancer development is unclear, and clinical trials are lacking. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to assess the association between antibiotic use and risk of cancer. PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched from inception to 24 February 2019 for studies reporting antibiotic use and subsequent risk of cancer. We included observational studies of adult subjects with previous exposure to antibiotics and available information on incident cancer diagnoses. For each of the eligible studies, data were collected by three reviewers. Risk of cancer was pooled to provide an adjusted odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The primary outcome was the risk of developing cancer in ever versus non-antibiotic users. Cancer risk’s association with antibiotic intake was evaluated among 7,947,270 participants (n = 25 studies). Overall, antibiotic use was an independent risk factor for cancer occurrence (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.12–1.24, p < 0.001). The risk was especially increased for lung cancer (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.03–1.61, p = 0.02), lymphomas (OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.13–1.51, p < 0.001), pancreatic cancer (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.04–1.57, p = 0.019), renal cell carcinoma (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.1–1.5, p = 0.001), and multiple myeloma (OR 1.36, 95%CI 1.18–1.56, p < 0.001). There is moderate evidence that excessive or prolonged use of antibiotics during a person’s life is associated with slight increased risk of various cancers. The message is potentially important for public health policies because minimizing improper antibiotic use within a program of antibiotic stewardship could also reduce cancer incidence.

scholarly journals PI S and PI Z Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency worldwide. A review of existing genetic epidemiological data

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. De Serres ◽  
I. Blanco ◽  
E. Fernández-Bustillo
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

Background. AAT deficiency is not a rare disease, but one of the most common congenital disorders increasing susceptibility of deficiency individuals to both lung and liver disease as well as other several adverse health effects. Therefore, information on accurate estimates of the magnitude of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in any given country is critical for the development of screening programs for detection, diagnosis, and treatment of those individuals and/or families at risk. Method. Genetic epidemiological studies for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency made by others have been used to determine the percentages and estimates of the numbers in each of the five phenotypic classes (PI MS, PI MZ, PI SS, PI SZ, and PI ZZ) of the most common deficiency alleles: PI S and PI Z in each of 69 countries worldwide and also when grouped into 13 major geographic regions. Results. Our studies have demonstrated striking differences between these estimates when comparisons were made in numeric tables, maps and figures. Conclusions. Our studies demonstrated striking differences in the prevalences of both the PIS and PIZ alleles among these 69 countries and the numbers at risk for AAT Deficiency in a given country in specific geographic regions. Data on the prevalence of the two major deficiency alleles as well as the numbers in those phenotypic classes known to be at risk for AAT Deficiency is considered critical for the identification of individuals at risk for adverse health effects associated with AAT Deficiency as well as the treatment and management of those individuals identified in a given country.

Efficacy of compression stockings in preventing post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with deep venous thrombosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Martin Burgstaller ◽  
Johann Steurer ◽  
Ulrike Held ◽  
Beatrice Amann-Vesti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Post Thrombotic Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Preventive Efficacy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract. Background: Here, we update an earlier systematic review on the preventive efficacy of active compression stockings in patients with diagnosed proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT) by including the results of recently published trials. The aims are to synthesize the results of the original studies, and to identify details to explain heterogeneous results. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline for original studies that compared the preventive efficacy of active compression stockings with placebo or no compression stockings in patients with diagnosed proximal DVT. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Results: Five eligible RCTs with a total of 1393 patients (sample sizes ranged from 47 to 803 patients) were included. In three RCTs, patients started to wear compression stockings, placebo stockings or no stockings within the first three weeks after the diagnosis of DVT. The results of two RCTs indicate a statistically significant reduction in post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) of 50% or more after two or more years. The result of one RCT shows no preventive effect of compression stockings at all. Due to the heterogeneity of the study results, we refrained from pooling the results of the RCTs. In a further RCT, randomization to groups with and without compression stockings took place six months after the diagnosis of DVT, and in another RCT, only patients with the absence of PTS one year after the diagnosis of DVT were analyzed. One RCT revealed a significant reduction in symptoms, whereas another RCT failed to show any benefit of using compression stockings. Conclusions: At this time, it does not seem to be justifiable to entirely abandon the recommendations regarding compression stockings to prevent PTS in patients with DVT. There is evidence favoring compression stockings, but there is also evidence showing no benefit of compression stockings.

Barriers and facilitators to conducting research by early career psychiatrists: a literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Katja Koelkebeck ◽  
Maja Pantovic Stefanovic ◽  
Dorota Frydecka ◽  
Claudia Palumbo ◽  
Olivier Andlauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Participation ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Career ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
To Receive

AbstractObjectivesTo understand and identify factors that promote and prevent research participation among early career psychiatrists (ECPs), in order to understand what would encourage more ECPs to pursue a research career.MethodsWe conducted an electronic search of databases (PubMed and the Cochrane library) using the keywords ‘doctors’, ‘trainees’, ‘residents’, ‘physicians’ and ‘psychiatric trainees’ as well as ‘research’ (MeSH) and ‘publishing’ (MeSH). This search was complemented by a secondary hand search.ResultsWe identified 524 articles, of which 16 fulfilled inclusion criteria for this review. The main barriers included lack of dedicated time for research, lack of mentoring and lack of funding. The main facilitators were opportunities to receive mentorship and access to research funding.ConclusionsAction is needed to counteract the lack of ECPs interested in a career in research. Specific programs encouraging ECPs to pursue research careers and having access to mentors could help increase the current numbers of researching clinicians in the field.

Intervención multi-componente en la prevención de la obesidad infantil como medida de salud pública

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Henry Cuevas Casa ◽  
Gabriela Aguinaga Romero ◽  
Fabricio González-Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Objetivos: se propone identificar y revisar aquellas estrategias potenciales que incluyan un enfoque multifacético a la hora de hacer frente a la obesidad en niños escolarizados. De acuerdo a la evidencia más reciente, las intervenciones más efectivas para combatir la obesidad infantil son aquellas que involucranactividad física, educación nutricional y entornos de apoyo. Así, en esta revisión nos centramos en buscar dichas intervenciones, que además incluyan seguimientos a medio y largo plazo, monitoreo y evaluación, que son críticos para mantener una acción efectiva.Material y métodos: se incluyó una revisión de artículos científicos publicados en bases de datos especializadas como Pubmed (Medline), the Cochrane Library, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR), ScienceDirect, Scielo, La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus y la página web de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (http://www.who.int).Resultados: de 199 artículos potenciales, sólo 8 fueron incluidos en esta revisión. Los resultados mostraron que aquellas intervenciones multi-componente y de largo plazo tienen beneficios sobre IMC, actividad física y elecciones alimentarias. Sin embargo, pocos estudios mostraron cambios significativos sobrelos hábitos alimentarios generales y sobre la prevalencia de la obesidad. También, se observó que las intervenciones multicomponente que se llevaron a cabo tanto en países en desarrollo de Latinoamérica, como en países desarrollados tuvieron resultados similares.Conclusión: esta revisión demuestra que pueden ocurrir cambios sobre las medidas antropométricas, la actividad física y las elecciones alimentarias cuando se llevan a cabo intervenciones multicomponente en ambientes a nivel de la educación académica primaria, sin importar la localización geográfica, peromanteniendo similar metodología y materiales

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