scholarly journals Efek Profilaksis Norepinefrin Kontinu pada Anestesi Spinal Pasien Seksio Sesarea terhadap Hemodinamik dan Kontraksi Uterus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riki Punisada ◽  
Radian Ahmad Halimi ◽  
Dewi Yulianti Bisri
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  

Latar Belakang: Hipotensi merupakan suatu komplikasi setelah anestesi spinal dan dapat mempengaruhi kontraksi uterus pada operasi seksio sesarea (SC). Profilaksis norepinefrin kontinu dapat diberikan untuk mengurangi kejadian hipotensi pascaspinal pada pasien yang menjalani SC. Norepinefrin menjadi kandidat yang baik sebagai alternatif pencegahan hipotensi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek profilaksis norepinefrin kontinu terhadap pencegahan hipotensi akibat anestesi spinal dan pengaruhnya terhadap kontraksi uterus. Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Metode penelitian uji acak klinis tersamar ganda pada 36 pasien hamil cukup bulan berusia 18–35 tahun, status fisik ASA II ,menjalani SC dengan anestesi spinal. Subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (NaCl 0,9%) dan kelompok norepinefrin (norepinefrin intravena setelah tindakan anestesi spinal dengan injeksi sebanyak 5 μg, kemudian di titrasi sebanyak 0,05 μg/kgbb/menit). Data dianalisis dengan uji t test, uji Mann Whitney dan uji kolmogorov-smirnov, nilai p<0,05 dianggap bermakna. Hasil: Penurunan tekanan darah pada kelompok kontrol (61.1%) lebih tinggi dari kelompok norepinefrin (11.1%) dengan perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05). Kontraksi uterus yang adekuat lebih cepat tercapai pada kelompok norepinefrin dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Simpulan: Profilaksis noreprinefrin kontinu dapat mencegah dan menurunkan angka kejadian hipotensi anestesi spinal dan meningkatkan kontraktilitas uterus pada pasien  menjalani operasi  

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940-1944
Author(s):  
Sevcan Altun ◽  
Aykut Aksu ◽  
Osman Imamoglu ◽  
Murat Erdogdu ◽  
Kursat Karacabey

The aim of this study is to investigate the nutritional approaches of student athletes studying at the university during the coronavirus outbreak period. Participants consisted of students studying and doing sports at the University. 446 students, 246 males and 200 females, participated in the study. Besides the personal form, students were filled the questionnaire testing questionnaire. Students voluntarily participated. The surveys were done on social media. Nutritional habits questionnaire consists of 12 questions. In the preparation of the survey questions, the questions proved validity of the researches which have been done on the subject before have been used. SPSS 23.00 package program was used in statistical analyses. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to test whether the data was normally distributed and it was determined that the data showed normal distribution. Independent t-test, paired t-test, unidirectional variance analysis and LSD tests were used in statistical operations. There was no significant difference in students' nutrition approaches by gender, both in the pre-outbreak period and in the outbreak period points (p> 0.05). Nutrition scores were significantly increased during the outbreak period (p <0.001). A significant difference was found between the students who felt bad before the epidemic and those who felt well before the epidemic and their nutritional scores according to the levels they felt (p <0.05). A significant difference was found between the pre-outbreak period and post-epidemic nutrition scores of the sports faculty students (p <0.05). During the coronavirus epidemic, university student athletes have either increased their nutritional opportunities or have changed their eating habits positively to keep their immune systems strong or both. The fact that sports faculty students have better nutrition compared to other faculty students can be attributed to their taking courses in nutrition, health and similar. It is recommended to give lectures or seminars on nutrition to athlete students. Keywords: Student, Nutrition, Sports Nutrition, Nutritional Approach, Covid-19


KINDAI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-252
Author(s):  
Suprianto

Abstract : This study aims to determine the magnitude of the influence of Training, Infrastructure and Budget on the Performance of the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP) at the Regional Inspectorate of Kapuas Regency . Data was collected using questionnaires and documentation Questionnaires are used to measure the variables of Education and Training, Infrastructure and Budget and employee performance. Data analysis technique used is U ji validity , test reliability , test correlation coefficients , t-test (Partial) , Test Multicollinearity , Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (Test Normality) , ANOVA (F test Simultaneous) and Test Multiple Linear Regression . The results showed that the budget has a positive and significant effect on employee performance . The results of the t test between X 3 (Budget) and Y (APIP Performance) show t count = 3.114. While the t table (α = 0.05 ; db residual = 17) is 1.740. Because t arithmetic > t table is 3.114 > 1.740 or sig t value (0.008) < = 0.05, the effect of X 3 (Budget) on Y (APIP Performance) is significant. This means that Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, so it can be concluded that APIP's performance can be significantly affected by the Budget .Based on the coefficient because it has the greatest beta coefficient value of 0.707 when compared to the regression coefficient of the education and training variable and infrastructure. this means that H 0 is rejected and h 3 is received, so that it can be concluded that the budget is the dominant variable affecting the performance of internal government regulatory authorities in Kapuas district inspectorate valued at 70.7% and the remaining 29 , 3 % is influenced by other variables not examined in this research. Keywords: Training, Infrastructure and Budget , Employee Performance.   Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh Diklat, Sarana Prasarana Dan Anggaran Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Aparat Pengawas Internal Pemerintah (APIP) pada Inspektorat Daerah Kabupaten Kapuas. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan koesioner dan dokumentasi. koesioner digunakan untuk mengukur variabel Diklat, Sarana prasarana dan Anggran serta kinerja pegawai. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, uji Koefisien Korelasi, Uji t (Parsial), Uji Multikolinearitas, Uji Kolmogorov Smirnov (Uji Normalitas), ANOVA (uji F Simultan) dan Uji Regresi Linear Berganda. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Anggran mempunyai pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Hasil t test antara X3 (Anggaran) dengan Y (Kinerja APIP) menunjukkan t hitung = 3,114. Sedangkan t tabel (α = 0.05 ; db residual = 17) adalah sebesar 1,740. Karena t hitung > t tabel yaitu 3,114 > 1,740 atau nilai sig t (0,008) < α = 0.05 maka pengaruh X3(Anggaran) terhadap Y (Kinerja APIP) adalah signifikan. Hal ini berarti Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja APIP dapat dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh Anggaran. Berdasarkan koefisien dikarenakan mempunyai nilai koefisiensi beta paling besar 0,707 jika Dibandingkan dengan koefisien regresi variabel Diklat dan sarana prasarana. hal ini berarti h0 ditolak dan h3 diterima, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa anggaran merupakan variabel yang dominan mempengaruhi kinerja aparat pengawas internal pemerintah pada inspektorat daerah kabupaten Kapuas senilai 70,7% dan sisanya 29,3% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Kata Kunci: Diklat, Sarana prasarana dan Anggaran, Kinerja Pegawai.  


2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Mia Sufia Adnin ◽  
Luluk Ria Rakhma

herapeutic Feeding Center (TFC) adalah tempat perawatan bagi balita yangmengalami kekurangan gizi. Perawatan dilakukan seminggu sekali dengankegiatan seperti pemberian edukasi gizi kepada ibu balita, dan pemberianPMT pada balita. Hasil dari Dinkes Sukoharjo (2015), balita yang menderitagizi kurang berdasarkan BB/U di Kabupaten Sukoharjo berjumlah 2209 balita(4,67%) sedangkan hasil Dinkes (2016), naik menjadi 2476 balita (4,98%).Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan perubahan status giziberasarkan BB/TB dan IMT/U pada balita yang mengikuti dengan yang tidakmengikuti program TFC. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan bersifat quasieksperimental dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah responden penelitianyang mengikuti TFC sebanyak 35 balita dan yang tidak mengikuti TFCsebanyak 30 balita. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah totalsampling dan simple random sampling. Data status gizi diperoleh denganpengukuran BB dan TB atau PB menggunakan alat dacin, baby scale, timbanganinjak,microtoice dan baby board. Uji kenormalan data menggunakanUji Kolmogorov Smirnov. Uji perbedaan menggunakan Uji T-test Independent.Hasil uji perbedaan status gizi BB/TB diperoleh nilai p=0.742, uji perbedaanstatus gizi IMT/U diperoleh nilai p=0.677 menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaanperubahan status gizi berdasarkan BB/TB dan IMT/U pada balita yangmengikuti dengan yang tidak mengikuti program TFC.  Kata Kunci : balita, antropometri, status gizi, TFC, z-score


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Μαρία Κυριακίδου

Τα ποσοστά θνητότητας των υψηλού κινδύνου πρόωρων νεογνών έχουν σταθεροποιηθεί και συνεπώς η μελέτη των στρατηγικών μείωσης των υψηλών ποσοστών νευροαναπτυξιακών διαταραχών είναι απαραίτητη. Τα υψηλού κινδύνου πρόωρα νεογνά πρέπει να συμμετέχουν σε προγράμματα πρώιμης παρέμβασης από πολύ νωρίς, λόγω της αυξημένης πλαστικότητας του αναπτυσσόμενου εγκεφάλου. Παρόλα αυτά, η αποτελεσματικότητα της παρέμβασης σε όλα τα ΥΚ πρόωρα νεογνά δεν είναι ξεκάθαρη. Έχει αποδειχτεί, ότι οι πρώιμες αναπτυξιακές παρεμβάσεις που ξεκινούν μετά την έξοδο από το νοσοκομείο, βελτιώνουν τη γνωστική ανάπτυξη των νεογνών αλλά το αποτέλεσμα αυτό δε διατηρείται στη σχολική ηλικία. Η απόδειξη των επιδράσεων της πρώιμης παρέμβασης στην κινητική ανάπτυξη είναι ελλιπής. Επομένως, στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να αξιολογήσει την επίδραση της πρώιμης παρέμβασης με τη μέθοδο NDT στη γνωστική και κινητική έκβαση ΥΚ πρόωρων νεογνών, μέχρι τη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 18 μηνών αλλά και να συσχετίσει νεογνικούς και περιγεννηρικούς παράγοντες με τη γνωστική και κινητική έκβαση. Στη μελέτη εισήχθησαν νεογνά με ΔΚ≤32 εβδομάδων και ΒΓ≤1500 γραμμαρίων. Αποκλείστηκαν, νεογνά με χρωματοσωμικές ανωμαλίες, μείζονες συγγενείς ανωμαλίες και γενετικά σύνδρομα. Επίσης, αποκλείστηκαν τα νεογνά που στη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 18 μηνών διαγνώστηκαν με εγκεφαλική παράλυση. Συνολικά, 147 νεογνά πληρούσαν τα κριτήρια εισαγωγής και εφαρμόστηκε η δοκιμασία ΤΙΜΡ στη ΔΗ των 38-41 εβδομάδων. Από αυτά, 73 τυχαιοποιήθηκαν στην ομάδα παρέμβασης και 74 στην ομάδα ελέγχου. Η ομάδα παρέμβασης ακολούθησε πρόγραμμα φυσικοθεραπείας με τη μέθοδο NDT με συχνότητα 2 φορές την εβδομάδα, για ένα έτος ενώ η ομάδα ελέγχου εφάρμοσε πρόγραμμα οδηγιών στο σπίτι 2 φορές την εβδομάδα, για ένα έτος. Στη στατιστική ανάλυση χρησιμοποιήθηκε το t-test, η one-way ANOVA, ο έλεγχος χ² κατά Pearson, repeated measures ANOVA και ο έλεγχος κατά Greenhouse-Geisser. Επιπρόσθετα, χρησιμοποιήθηκε ο έλεγχος Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Το ΒΓ και η ΔΚ των νεογνών στις δύο ομάδες ήταν 1325,18 (±368,46) γρ και 30,55 (±1,6) εβδ, αντίστοιχα, στην ομάδα παρέμβασης και 1440,18 (±293,61) και 30,76 (±1,6) στην ομάδα ελέγχου, αντίστοιχα. Η διαφορά δεν ήταν στατιστικά σημαντική. Οι δύο ομάδες ήταν συγκρίσιμες ως προς τους περιγεννητικούς και νεογνικούς παράγοντες . Οι 2 ομάδες αξιολογήθηκαν στη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 3, 6, 12 και 18 μηνών. Οι δύο ομάδες είχαν στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά στη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 3, 12 και 18 μηνών στη γνωστική και κινητική έκβαση με την ομάδα παρέμβασης να υπερέχει. Στη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 18 μηνών, η ομάδα παρέμβασης σημείωσε μέση βαθμολογία 108,83 (±9,39) στη γνωστική κλίμακα και 109,01 (±10,30) στην κινητική ενώ η ομάδα ελέγχου 99,18 (±7,31) στη γνωστική και 98,81 (±8,91) στην κινητική κλίμακα της δοκιμασίας Bayley III. Η φυσικοθεραπεία (p<0,0001), η IVH (p<0,0001), η πολυδυμία (p=0,008), η ΝΕΚ (p=0,001) και η διάρκεια χορήγησης Ο₂ (p=0,008) επηρέασαν σημαντικά στη βαθμολογία της γνωστικής έκβασης των πρόωρων νεογνών στη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 18 μηνών. Η φυσικοθεραπεία (p<0,0001), ήταν ο μοναδικός παράγοντας που επηρέασε σημαντικά τη βαθμολογία της κινητικής έκβασης των πρόωρων νεογνών στη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 18 μηνών. Τα ΥΚΠΝ επωφελούνται από το πρόγραμμα πρώιμης παρέμβασης με τη μέθοδο NDT, διότι βελτιώνουν την κινητική και γνωστική τους έκβαση μέχρι τη διορθωμένη ηλικία των 18 μηνών. Ως εκ τούτου, συστήνεται η εφαρμογή της μεθόδου κατά τη διάρκεια του 1ου έτους ζωής ως προληπτικό πρόγραμμα θεραπείας στα ΥΚΠΝ. Αδιαμφισβήτητα, μεγαλύτερης διάρκειας μακροχρόνιες παρακολουθήσεις απαιτούνται για να επιβεβαιώσουν ή να απορρίψουν τη διατήρηση των αποτελεσμάτων στην προσχολική ή σχολική ηλικία. Συστήνεται, ο παράγοντας φυσικοθεραπευτική παρέμβαση να συνυπολογίζεται στις πολυπαραγοντικές αναλύσεις διότι οδηγεί σε αξιόπιστη ερμηνεία των αποτελεσμάτων που αφορούν την έκβαση.


Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitchaiah Mandava ◽  
Michael E Brooks ◽  
Chase S Krumpelman ◽  
Thoma A Kent

Background: Stroke outcome is dependent on baseline factors such as NIHSS and age. Relationships between these variables and outcomes are often non-linear and imbalances can influence outcomes, particularly in subgroup analysis with smaller number of subjects. Balance in baseline variables factors are typically compared by Wilcoxon rank sum, t-test or ANOVA. Because of non-linearity, these tests may be insensitive to important differences in the distribution of these factors and if multiple factors are considered simultaneously. We adapted a multi-dimensional extension of Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test proposed by Fasano and Franceschini (FF) to compare population distributions. The FF algorithm provides a method to calculate KS Distance (KSD) between two distributions in multiple dimensions and a probability value can be obtained. We hypothesized that the FF algorithm would be more sensitive than traditional statistical tests to determine whether baseline factors differed among two trial arms. We further show that matching for baseline variables (nearest neighbor Euclidean matching, pPAIRS©; Mandava Kent Stroke 2010) improves the KSD, indicating closer matched populations. Methods: The NINDS database was used for this study ( ntis.gov ). The subgroup of rt-PA and placebo treated normoglycemic subjects with large artery stroke was analyzed. Median and mean NIHSS and age were compared and KSD and a p value were calculated using a custom program, pPOPULATION© written in Matlab®. rt-PA and placebo subjects were then matched using pPAIRS© and outliers eliminated. KSD and p value for the post-matched groups were calculated. Results: The left half of the table shows the pre-match comparisons. Baseline variables were not different using usual tests. A KSD value of 0.283, however yielded p=0.008, suggesting that the population distributions are indeed different when two variables are considered simultaneously. Right half of the table shows the post-match comparisons of baseline variables. The KSD value, 0.217, is lower and is associated with a p value = 0.175, indicating that the post-matched distributions are similar. a Wilcoxon Rank-Sum; b Student t-test; Conclusion: We demonstrate here a new application of a 2d version of the KS distance to verify the similarity of stroke populations and show that it is more sensitive than traditional difference testing. This finding is important because baseline imbalances are critical for accurate assessment of outcome. This algorithm can be further extended to additional dimensions (e.g.: glucose). Its relative advantages over other methods will be discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saeed Kiani ◽  
◽  
Keivan Shabani Moghaddam ◽  

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between age and athletes' attitude to doping. A 40- question researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a survey of professors related to the research subject and its reliability was reported to be 0.79 using Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the study consisted of all athletes in Kermanshah province that to the large number of samples, cluster random sampling method was used. Finally, 700 questionnaires were returned, out of which 431 were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage, tables, graphs, etc.) for analysis of data as well as inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, independent t-test and analysis of variance) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data distribution. The results showed that there is a difference between the new generation of athletes and the older generation in terms of doping. Therefore, the athlete should consult with experienced people (those who use these substances) and a physician, and be aware of the side effects of these supplements by attending training and science classes. Avoid using them whenever possible.


2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rand R. Wilcox

Let (Yi,Xi ), i = 1, . . . , n, be a random sample from some p + 1 variate distribution where Xi is a vector of length p. In the social sciences, the most common strategy for detecting an association between Y and the marginal distributions is to test the hypothesis that the corresponding correlations are zero using a standard Student’s t test. There are two practical problems with this strategy. First, for reasons described in the article, there are situations where the correlation between two random variables is zero, but Student’s t test is not even asymptotically correct. In fact, the probability of rejecting can approach one as the sample size gets large, even though the hypothesis of a zero correlation is true. Of course, one can also apply standard methods based on a linear regression model and the least squares estimator, but the same practical problems arise. Second, Student’s t test can miss nonlinear associations. This latter problem is the main motivation for this article. Results of a former study suggest an approach that avoids both of the difficulties just described. Based on simulations, it is found that the Cramér-von Mises form of the test statistic is generally better than the Kolmogorov-Smirnov form. Situations arise where this method has less power than Student’s t test, but this is due in part to t test’s use of an incorrect estimate of the standard error.


Author(s):  
VICENTE SALVADOR E. MONTAÑO ◽  
MICHAEL E. CARTER II

The researchers build an inventory model for retail stores by validating their economicorder quantity through data driven simulation. This paper created an inventoryoptimization model for a personal care retailing business, to avoid stock out and minimize their holding cost and ordering cost. Simulating a thousand different scenarios, the research come up with an optimal inventory model for the two most sellable products in the store. The t-test reveals that product A has a significantly higher demand than product B. The simulation model validates the optimal order quantity of 59 units, with a reorder point of 25 units for product A. However, the simulation model recommends an optimal order quantity of 37 units and a reorder point of 10 units for product B. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness of Fit Test reveals the normal distribution of the 30 days inventory for Product A but not for Product B. Confirming that stocks out will unlikely happen for product A but will probably occur for product B. The model confirms EOQ findings of product with relatively high demand but low price but a departure for products with low demand but the high price.Keywords: Operations management, retail inventory system, t-test, Monte Carlo Simulation,Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness of Fit Test, Davao City, Philippines, Southeast Asia


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Fajar Hidayatullah

Dalam sebuah pertandingan bola basket akan dicatat beberapa indikator pertandingan yang merupakan aspek menentukan bagi tim untuk  memenangkan pertandingan. Cara paling sesuai dalam menganalisa permainan bola basket adalah mengamati statistik dari pertandingan bola basket. Pelaksanaan penelitian statistik pertandingan bola basket di tingkat pelajar putra Kabupaten Bangkalan diharapkan  menjadi dasar evaluasi latihan pengembangan tim bagi pelatih maupun evaluasi pengembangan bola basket bagi PERBASI Kabupaten Bangkalan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah accidental random sampling dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan independent sample t-test serta uji normalitas menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov serta dilengkapi uji homogenitas dengan uji Levane’s test. Sebanyak 36 pertandingan bola basket antar pelajar putra yang berlangsung sepanjang tahun 2019 menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa indikator performa turnover dan steal dalam statistik pertandingan memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan antara tim pemenang dan tim yang kalah. Tim pemenang memiliki rata-rata lebih sedikit melakukan turnover namun lebih banyak melakukan steal daripada tim kalah. Sedangkan tim kalah lebih banyak melakukan turnover dan lebih sedikit melakukan steal daripada tim pemenang. Secara umum hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemampuan penguasaan bola tim bola basket akan sangat menentukan untuk menghindari turnover pada pertandingan bola basket tingkat pelajar sekolah menengah putra sehingga  akan meningkatkan persentase kemenangan.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arifin Riadi

Pembelajaran matematika di kelas VII SMP Negeri 17 Banjarmasin hanya menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional. Nilai rata-rata hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VII tersebut berada di bawah kriteria ketuntasan minimum. Think-Pair-Share (TPS) adalah salah satu model pembelajaran kooperatif yang dirancang untuk memotivasi siswa berpikir pada topik yang diberikan, sehingga memungkinkan mereka untuk memformulasikan gagasan-gagasan individu dan membagikan gagasan-gagasan tersebut dengan siswa lain, dan ini berimbas pada hasil belajar yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 17 Banjarmasin. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, yaitu memilih kelas VII E dan VII F sebagai sampel penelitian dengan pertimbangan tertentu yang selanjutnya dipilih kelas VII E sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII F sebagai kelas kontrol secara random. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes dan dokumentasi. Tes yang digunakan diuji validitasnya menggunakan rumus korelasi product moment dan reliabilitasnya menggunakan rumus KR-20. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uncorrelated data/independent sample t-test. Sebagai persyaratan analisis dilakukan uji normalitas dengan metode Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan uji homogenitas dengan metode Levene. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar matematika siswa yang diberi pengajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS lebih baik daripada yang diberi pengajaran tanpa menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif.


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