Scopolamine als bestanddeel van een magistrale bereiding als zeldzame oorzaak van visuele hallucinaties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Leterme ◽  
W. De Troyer ◽  
L. Renier
Keyword(s):  
Active Component ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Anticholinergic Syndrome ◽  
Potential Risks

Scopolamine as a component of a magistral preparation causing visual hallucinations A 40-year-old patient had a first episode of visual hallucinations caused by the abuse of a magistral preparation containing scopolamine as an active component. The pharmacist used the outdated medicine as an over-the-counter (OTC) product. The patient was not aware of the potential risks in case of overuse. The overdose caused an isolated hallucinosis instead of hallucinations as a consequence of an anticholinergic syndrome. Firstly, it is important that the patient is sufficiently informed by the pharmacist concerning the delivered medication. Secondly, the doctor should actively inquire if the patient uses any OTC or magistral medicines. By doing this, rare clinical diseases caused by misuse of medication can be identified.

scholarly journals Understanding the Factors Influencing Older Adults’ Decision-Making about Their Use of Over-The-Counter Medications—A Scenario-Based Approach

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Shweta Shah ◽  
Aaron M. Gilson ◽  
Nora Jacobson ◽  
Apoorva Reddy ◽  
Jamie A. Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Harmful Effects

The potential risks of over-the-counter (OTC) medications are often aggravated in vulnerable populations, such as older adults. The elevated patterns of older-adult OTC medication use do not necessarily translate into a greater understanding of these medications or their safety implications. The objective of this study was to assess how older adults’ knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes inform their decision-making regarding OTC use. Situational interviews were conducted in three community pharmacies with 87 older-adult participants to capture how they intended to use an OTC medication. The interviews were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed, generating seven key themes: (1) medication use concerns; (2) following label instructions; (3) wait time until medication effect; (4) responses to medication not working; (5) decision to stop medication; (6) sources of information; and (7) safety implications. This study shows substantial variations in older-adult OTC medication use while providing insight on factors that influence older adults’ appropriate OTC medication use and, in some cases, the potential for harmful effects.

scholarly journals Development of a common priority list of pharmaceuticals relevant for the water cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. de Voogt ◽  
M.-L. Janex-Habibi ◽  
F. Sacher ◽  
L. Puijker ◽  
M. Mons
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Selection Of

Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, drugs used in hospitals and veterinary drugs, have been found throughout the water cycle. A desk study was initiated by the Global Water Research Coalition to consolidate a uniform selection of such compounds in order to judge risks of PhACs for the water cycle. By identifying major existing prioritization efforts and evaluating the criteria they use, this study yields a representative and qualitative profile (‘umbrella view’) of priority pharmaceuticals based on an extensive set of criteria. This can then be used for further studies on analytical methods, occurrence, treatability and potential risks associated with exposure to PhACs in water supply, identifying compounds most likely to be encountered and that may have significant impact on human health. For practical reasons, the present study excludes veterinary drugs. The pragmatic approach adopted provides an efficient tool to manage risks related to pharmaceuticals and provides assistance for selecting compounds for future studies.

scholarly journals Toxicity Profiles of Commonly Used Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Geriatrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talal M. Ziad Alhouzani ◽  
Mohammad Saleem ◽  
Sitaram Khadka ◽  
Saleh Musaed Mohammed Al-Subari ◽  
Dhan Bahadur Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Patients ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Normal Dose ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
Utmost Care ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Toxicity Of Drugs

Anti-inflammatory drugs are among the mostly used drugs in geriatrics. Geriatrics usually encounter problems of pain and inflammation and are more vulnerable to the toxicity of drugs as compared to young patients. In this review, we aimed to find out the toxic profile of drugs and the pharmacotherapy considerations for geriatric care. The diseases geriatrics mostly suffered from are osteoarthritis (OA), ankylosing spondylitis, carcinoma, and other degenerative disorders that require anti-inflammatory medicines. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids are mostly used agents for the treatment of inflammation in geriatrics. Due to the over the counter (OTC) availability, NSAIDs are mostly used and being self-medicated as well. As the pharmacokinetics of drugs get altered due to alteration in body physiology in geriatrics, the pharmacodynamics also gets affected, and hence toxicity ensues even with normal dose. Depending upon the nature of the drugs; gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular toxicities occur. Due to this reason, utmost care should be taken for pharmacotherapy practice in such population. The presence of comorbidity and poly-pharmacy will complicate drug therapy. The drugs should be used for the shortest duration possible at the lowest effective dose, and with careful surveillance to monitor toxicities. The careful evaluation of the beneficial and potential risks of the agents must be considered for pharmacotherapy practice in such populations.

scholarly journals Measuring Awareness of Over the Counter Analgesics Use and Risks Associated With it Among Jordanian Population in Amman

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Ali AL-Samydai ◽  
Lena A. Al-Elaime ◽  
Sundos H. Abbadi ◽  
Lubna Al- Khareisha
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Jordanian Population ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

This is an observational cross-sectional study that examines the awareness of Jordanian consumers regarding the potential risks associated with over-the-counter (OTC) use of paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the effect of family and friends’ advice on the use of analgesics, in order to better understand patterns of usage of these products. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Amman (capital). 150 questionnaires were correctly filled then analyzed. The inclusion criteria were Jordanian residents age over18 years and the willingness to participate in the study. The study results showed that the Jordanian population in Amman is familiar with the most important information regarding the risks associated with the use of Analgesics and that they aware of their responsibility of checking medical information before sharing and that is a positive sign.

scholarly journals Gland New Psychosis: New Onset Adult Psychosis with Suicidal Ideation and Attempt in the Setting of Thyroid Storm

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Esteban Cota ◽  
Jacob Lentz
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Thyroid Storm ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Psychiatric Sequelae ◽  
New Onset

We present a case of new onset psychosis in the setting of thyroid storm in a woman with no previous psychiatric history. The patient presented with ongoing suicidal ideation, a suicide attempt that was interrupted by her husband, and audio and visual hallucinations. The patient was placed on a psychiatric hold and treated for thyrotoxicosis as well as psychosis. Treatment of the thyroid hormone overload resulted in a rapid resolution of her symptoms; she was discharged in excellent condition, and she has had no repeat hallucinations or self-injury ideation or attempts since. Although rare, thyrotoxicosis is a potentially life-threatening cause of psychiatric illness and should always be kept on the differential diagnosis for a patient with a first episode of psychosis. This case highlights how thyroid storm physiology, beyond its well-studied hemodynamic and metabolic instability, can be potentially fatal due to psychiatric sequelae. It also highlights the crucial role of a thorough history and physical exam in all patients.

scholarly journals Cetylpyridinium Chloride: Mechanism of Action, Antimicrobial Efficacy in Biofilms, and Potential Risks of Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Mao ◽  
David L. Auer ◽  
Wolfgang Buchalla ◽  
Karl-Anton Hiller ◽  
Tim Maisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance is a serious issue for public health care all over the world. While resistance toward antibiotics has attracted strong interest among researchers and the general public over the last 2 decades, the directly related problem of resistance toward antiseptics and biocides has been somewhat left untended. In the field of dentistry, antiseptics are routinely used in professional care, but they are also included in lots of oral care products such as mouthwashes or dentifrices, which are easily available for consumers over-the-counter. Despite this fact, there is little awareness among the dental community about potential risks of the widespread, unreflected, and potentially even needless use of antiseptics in oral care. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound, which was first described in 1939, is one of the most commonly used antiseptics in oral care products and included in a wide range of over-the-counter products such as mouthwashes and dentifrices. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current literature on CPC, particularly focusing on its mechanism of action, its antimicrobial efficacy toward biofilms, and on potential risks of resistance toward this antiseptic as well as underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, this work aims to raise awareness among the dental community about the risk of resistance toward antiseptics in general.

Use of codeine-containing medicines by patients admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.O.I. Agyapong ◽  
M. Sarvage ◽  
K. Sighn ◽  
C. Farren ◽  
D. Mc Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Dependence Potential ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

BackgroundAnecdotal evidence suggests that the general public including patients with mental health problems are largely unaware of the potential risks of codeine abuse and dependence. Despite this, little research has been done in establishing the public’s level of awareness on this issue.ObjectiveTo assess the extent of use of codeine-containing preparations, as well as the level of knowledge regarding the dependency potential of codeine, in patients admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital.Method150 patients admitted consecutively to an acute psychiatric hospital over a 2 month period were asked to fill out an anonymous 18-item semi-structured questionnaire. The results were compiled and analysed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 17.Results116 questionnaires were returned giving a response rate of 77% (54% female, mean age 46.7 years, SD = 15 years). 90% of respondents reported that they had ever used codeine-containing medications, 80% have bought them over the counter, 65% always used them without prescription, and 7% reported daily use of such medicines. 14% reported using them for the euphoriant effect, 5% to curb cravings, and the remaining mainly for migraines or aches and pains. 11% of all patients had used a codeine-containing medication as recently as 24 hours prior to their admission and 66% of patients indicated that they were aware of the dependence potential of codeine.ConclusionAwareness among psychiatric patients regarding the dependence potential of codeine is high. Additionally, a considerable proportion of patients indicated use of codeine for euphoriant effects or to curb cravings

scholarly journals Visual Hallucinations in First-Episode Psychosis: Association with Childhood Trauma

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e0153458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Solesvik ◽  
Inge Joa ◽  
Tor Ketil Larsen ◽  
Johannes Langeveld ◽  
Jan Olav Johannessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Episode Psychosis

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

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