Socio-Demographic Association of Multiple Risk Factors and Their Clustering in Urban Population of Adults

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with simultaneous risk factors occurrence (clustering) for chronic diseases among adults. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out with 1977 adults in Sousse, Tunisia. The simultaneous occurrence of tobacco smoking, physical inactivity, inadequate or unhealthy diet, obesity, and high blood pressure was assessed. The independent variables were demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Results: Overall, 61% of Tunisian adults had two or more unhealthy risk factors compared to only 11% with none of the five risk factors. Prevalence of risk factors was greater in older subjects, females, married, with lower education, unemployed, and those with high socioeconomic status. Risk factors clustered in multiple combinations. The simultaneous presence of all risk factors was 40% higher of what would be expected by combining the individual prevalence of these risk factors. Physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, obesity, and high blood pressure showed the strongest association among the clusters. Conclusion: Multiple chronic disease risk factors are frequent and occur more often than expected among Tunisian adults, especially women, married, older subjects, with low education and high socioeconomic level. Information on high risk groups will help in planning future preventive strategies.

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Socio-Demographic Association of Multiple Risk Factors and Their Clustering in Urban Population of Adults

Sumerianz Journal of Medical and Healthcare ◽

10.47752/sjmh.42.55.62 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

Dhekra Chebil ◽

Jihene Maatoug ◽

Rim Ghammem ◽

Nawel Zammit ◽

Sihem Ben Fredj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Simultaneous Occurrence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Unhealthy Diet ◽

Older Subjects

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Socio-demographic association of non communicable diseases’ risk factors in a representative population of school children: a cross-sectional study in Sousse (Tunisia)

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2015-0109 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meriam El Ghardallou ◽

Jihene Maatoug ◽

Imed Harrabi ◽

Sihem Ben Fredj ◽

Sahli Jihene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

School Children ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Excess Weight ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Unhealthy Diet

Abstract Introduction: A better understanding of socio-demographic characteristics of subgroups, which have a high risk to develop chronic diseases, is essential to develop more efficient interventional programs especially for youth. This study aimed to determine the association between clusters of non communicable diseases (NCDs’) risk factors and the socio-demographic characteristics among a sample of Tunisian school children. Materials and methods: We conducted, in 2013/2014, a cross-sectional study among a proportional and stratified school children sample, selected in 17 elementary public schools in Sousse (Tunisia). A cluster analysis was used to identify different NCDs risk factors clusters, based on tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and excess weight. Subsequent χ2-tests were used to identify differences between the NCDs risk factors clusters in regards to socio-demographic characteristics. Results: Four clusters of NCDs risk factors were found: 1) Cluster 1: physical inactivity behavior with normal weight, 2) Cluster 2: physical inactivity behavior associated to excess weight, 3) Cluster 3: unhealthy diet associated to excess weight and low practice of physical activity, and 4) Cluster 4: smoking behavior with physical activity behavior. The pattern of cluster membership differed across sex (<10–3), school level, and socioeconomic level (<10–3) but there was no significant difference between clusters for mother’s education levels and household tenure. Conclusion: This study can have important implications for health policy and practice. Indeed, it found that many subjects have simultaneous multiple NCDs risk factors which leads to identify groups at risk and implement integrated intervention program.

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The effects of household income distribution on stroke prevalence and its risk factors of high blood pressure and smoking: a cross-sectional study in Saskatchewan, Canada

Perspectives in Public Health ◽

10.1177/1757913916657118 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 137 (2) ◽

pp. 114-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yelena Bird ◽

Mark Lemstra ◽

Marla Rogers

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Income Distribution ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Household Income ◽

Lower Income ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Adjustment ◽

Stroke Prevalence

Background: Stroke is a major chronic disease and a common cause of adult disability and mortality. Although there are many known risk factors for stroke, lower income is not one that is often discussed. Aims: To determine the unadjusted and adjusted association of income distribution on the prevalence of stroke in Saskatchewan, Canada. Methods: Information was collected from the Canadian Community Health Survey conducted by Statistics Canada for 2000–2008. In total, 178 variables were analysed for their association with stroke. Results: Prior to statistical adjustment, stroke was seven times more common for lower income residents than higher income residents. After statistical adjustment, only four covariates were independently associated with stroke prevalence, including having high blood pressure (odds ratio (OR) = 2.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.12–3.24), having a household income below CAD$30,000 per year (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.88–3.29), being a daily smoker (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.16–1.58) and being physically inactive (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.13–1.43). After statistical adjustment, there were five covariates independently associated with high blood pressure prevalence, including having a household income below CAD$30,000 per year (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.41–1.63). After statistical adjustment, there were five covariates independently associated with daily smoking prevalence, including having a household income below CAD$30,000 per year (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.25–1.33). Conclusions: Knowledge of disparities in the prevalence, severity, disability and mortality of stroke is critically important to medical and public health professionals. Our study found that income distribution was strongly associated with stroke, its main disease intermediary – high blood pressure – and its main risk factor – smoking. As such, income is an important variable worthy of public debate as a modifiable risk factor for stroke.

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Use of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in identifying cardiovascular risk factors in male brazilian adolescents

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p678 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Lilian Messias Sampaio Brito ◽

Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas ◽

Deise Cristiane Moser ◽

Ana Cláudia Kapp Titski ◽

Monica Nunes Lima Cat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p678 The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels on the prevalence of overweight and high blood pressure levels in adolescents. In this observational, cross-sectional study, 614 boys aged 10-14 years were assessed for height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP). CRF was assessed using a run test (Léger Test) and subjects were then grouped according to their CRF level. PA level was assessed through a questionnaire (The Three Day Physical Activity Recall) and classified into two groups, namely > 300 minutes of PA/week and < 300 minutes of PA/week. Maturational stage was evaluated according to the development of pubic hair (self-assessment) as proposed by Tanner. We used statistical descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses in the total participants and subjects were divided by age. Fifty percent of the sample performed < 300 minutes of PA/week and 67.6% had unsatisfactory CRF levels. There was a higher prevalence of unsatisfactory CRF levels among subjects with altered BMI (overweight), WC (abdominal obesity) or BP (high blood pressure) for all age groups. PA history, however, did not show any significance. A total of 31% of participants were overweight, 24.8% had abdominal obesity and 15.4% had increased BP. Unsatisfactory CRF levels were found to be a better predictor for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CV) risk factors than PA history, regardless of age group.

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Association between area-level education and the co-occurrence of behavior-related risk factors: a multilevel analysis

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1980-549720190052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Fernando Boing ◽

SV Subramanian ◽

Alexandra Crispim Boing

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Educational Level ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Simultaneous Occurrence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Level ◽

Unhealthy Eating

ABSTRACT: Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the association of four different risk factors for chronic diseases and accumulation of these health behaviors with area-level education, regardless of individual-level characteristics in Brazil. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Southern Brazil including 1,720 adults in 2009/2010. The simultaneous occurrence of tobacco smoking, abusive drinking, unhealthy eating habits, and physical inactivity was investigated. Using multilevel models, we tested whether area-level education was associated with each risk factor and with the co-occurrence of them after controlling sociodemographic individual-level variables. Results: We observed a between-group variance of 7.79, 7.11, 6.84 and 1.08% for physical inactivity, problematic use of alcohol, unhealthy eating habits, and smoking, respectively. The between-group variance for the combination of four behaviors was 14.2%. Area-level education explained a significant proportion of the variance observed in physical inactivity and unhealthy eating habits. Residents of low educational level neighborhoods showed a 2.40 (95%CI 1.58 - 3.66) times higher chance of unhealthy eating and 1.78 (95%CI 1.19 - 2.67) times higher chance of physical inactivity. The likelihood of individuals with two or three/four risk factors was simultaneously higher among residents of low educational level neighborhoods. Conclusion: Public policies should consider the area-level characteristics, including education to control risk factors for chronic diseases.

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Abstract 14615: The Preventable Causes of Cardiovascular Diseases in China: Comparative Risk Assessment of Dietary, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.14615 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Yanping Li ◽

Frank Hu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Exposure Distribution

Background: fuelled by rapid urbanization and changes in dietary and lifestyle choices, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as the leading cause of death in China. Purposes: to estimate the CVD events that potentially contributed to 9 modifiable dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors in China. Methods: We used data on risk factor exposures in the Chinese population from nationally representative health surveys and CVD morbidity and mortality statistics from the China Health Statistical Yearbook and the National Population Census. We obtained the etiological effects of risk factors on CVD risk, by age, from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of epidemiological studies. We estimated the number of CVD events attributable to all non-optimal levels of each risk factor exposure, by urban/rural, age and sex. Results: Based on the exposure distribution estimated by 2009 China Health Nutrition Survey, the population attributable risk (PAR) on CVD events was 47.3% for high blood pressure, 23.2%, for physical inactivity, 18.5% for smoking, 13.5 for high BMI, 13.0% for high LDL cholesterol, 11.8% for high blood glucose, 11.1% for low dietary intakes of fruit and vegetable, 7.1% for high sodium intake and 3.5% for low PUFA intake, which was 78.0%, 18.8%, 20.9%, 21.9%, 8.2%, 16.1%, 12.0%, 20.3% and 2.0%, respectively, based on exposure distribution of 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. In 2009, high blood pressure was responsible for 3.9 million CVD events, including 1.4 million CHD, 1.5 million ischemic strokes and 1 million hemorrhagic strokes. Large gender difference was found for PAR% of smoking (male 27.8%/female 6.5%). Conclusions: High blood pressure, smoking and physical inactivity, which all have effective interventions, are responsible for the largest number of CVD events in China. Other dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors for chronic diseases also cause a substantial number of CVD morbidity and mortality in China.

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Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Tangail, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191799 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1838

Author(s):

Masuder Rahman ◽

Sakila Akter ◽

Fatama Tous Zohora ◽

Abu Zaffar Shibly

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Heart Attack ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Unhealthy Diet ◽

Common Risk Factors

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a major public health problem throughout the world. In Bangladesh, the reliable data concerning various aspects of CVD is inadequate at present due to lack of national population-based surveys or central administrative health data. Given the rising incidence of CVDs in Bangladesh, an improved understanding of the CVD, symptoms and risk factors is needed. Hence, this study was performed to assess the level of knowledge towards CVD types, warning symptoms of heart attack or stroke, and CVD risk factors.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 2018 to June 2018 using standard questionnaire on a sample of 350 randomly selected Bangladeshi individuals. All the data of the study were input in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0 software from IBM for windows and the gathered data thus analyzed using SPSS & Microsoft Excel.Results: The respondents’ knowledge about types of CVD, symptom heart attack, symptom of stroke and the risk factors of CVD are 38.9%, 67.7%, 35.7%, and 92.9% respectively. The most common risk factors of CVD found to be known by around than two-third of respondents were unhealthy diet (66.9%), physical inactivity (64.3), obesity (61.4%), and smoking (58.6%).Conclusions: The respondents’ knowledge about types of CVD, symptom heart attack, symptom of stroke and the risk factors of CVD are 38.9%, 67.7%, 35.7%, and 92.9% respectively. The most common risk factors of CVD found to be known by around than two-third of respondents were unhealthy diet (66.9%), physical inactivity (64.3), obesity (61.4%), and smoking (58.6%).

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Prevalence of High Blood Pressure among Adolescents in a Private University in Nigeria

Babcock University Medical Journal (BUMJ) ◽

10.38029/bumj.v1i2.8 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

NC Ogu ◽

AE Ladele ◽

DO Afolabi ◽

JO Sotunsa ◽

FI Ani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Private University ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Classi Cation ◽

History Of ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Objectives: High blood pressure among adolescents is not as researched as it is among adults, notwithstanding that hypertension in adults is being tracked back to childhood. This study identied the prevalence of hypertension among adolescents, the age related pattern of prevalence and associated risk factors. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among university students who presented for preadmission medical examination. Blood pressuremeasurement was conducted and cut off reading was based on JNC VII classication for hypertension. Results: A total of 952 students had complete data. Participants were aged 14 – 19 years with a mean age of 16.6 ± 1.03 years. Prevalence of hypertensionamong the adolescents was 6.4%. High blood pressure (HBP) distribution was as follows; systolic HBP (54%), diastolic HBP (31.15%) and combinedsystolic and diastolic HBP (14.75%). The risk factors significantly associated with HBP were male gender, obesity, overweight, alcohol, smoking and high blood sugar (p values 0.001, 0.039, 0.001, 0.016, and 0.001 respectively). However family history of hypertension was not significantly associated with hypertension (p=0.053). The majority of the adolescents with hypertension were unaware of the morbidity. Conclusion: Hypertension is identifiable in adolescents and it appears to increase with age. Notable risk factors for hypertension in adults are also associatedwith hypertension among adolescents. Regular screening will improve awareness and help mitigate the complications of this condition.

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Epidemiology of high blood pressure among the Kaingang people on the Xapecó Indigenous Land in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 2013

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00058714 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 331-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Deise Bresan ◽

João Luiz Bastos ◽

Maurício Soares Leite

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Demographic Data ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Indigenous Land

This cross-sectional study describes the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP; measured at one setting, and suggestive of a clinical diagnosis of arterial hypertension) and mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and their associations with socio-demographic and anthropometric variables among 355 Kaingang adults (≥ 20 years) on the Xapecó Indigenous Land in Brazil. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), SBP, and DBP were measured and socio-demographic data were collected. Prevalence of HBP was 53.2% (95%CI: 45.3; 61.1) in men and 40.7% (95%CI: 33.8; 47.6) in women. In women, age and WC were directly associated with HBP; age was associated with SBP and schooling with DBP. In men, HBP was statistically associated with high body mass index (BMI) and tile floor in the home (as a socioeconomic proxy); BMI and WC were associated with SBP; BMI and WC were associated with DBP. The study highlights the need for measures to control risk factors for HBP, especially due to its relevance for cardiovascular diseases and their consequences.

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Adherence to the DASH-style Diet and the Presence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults from Tîrgu Mureș

Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine ◽

10.2478/jim-2018-0023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 134-140

Author(s):

Victoria Ancuța Rus ◽

Florina Ruța ◽

Maria Sălcudean ◽

Monica Tarcea ◽

Costela Șerban ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Dash Score ◽

Dash Diet

Abstract Background: Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet, weight control, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and alcohol limitation, plays an important role in treating high blood pressure and cardiovascular and chronic diseases. Aim: This study aimed to investigate adherence to the DASH diet in relation to the occurrence of high blood pressure and chronic disease risk factors, in a group of people from Tîrgu Mureș. Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on a food frequency and lifestyle questionnaire applied to a group of 2,010 people aged 15–92 years from Tîrgu Mureș. Results: Individuals over the age of 45 had higher DASH scores (Q4, Q5) compared to subjects younger than 40 years (Q1 and Q2, p <0.001). An important percentage (19.3%) of subjects who preferred a meat-based diet (Q3) had significantly larger abdominal circumference (mean 92.2 ± 0.91 cm, p <0.001). An association between pure alcohol intake (mean 5.6 ± 0.43 g) and an unhealthy diet (Q1) was observed, compared to the average 1.7 ± 19 g of alcohol consumed by subjects with a healthy diet (Q5), alcohol consumption decreasing with an increasing DASH score (p <0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that individuals diagnosed with at least one cardiovascular risk factor had a higher adherence to the DASH diet than individuals with no cardiovascular risk factors, most likely due to the fact that diagnosed individuals had changed their eating behavior and lifestyle from the time of diagnosis, with a positive impact on treatment outcomes and quality of life.

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