scholarly journals Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization of Oil from Unripe Plantain (Musa Paradisiaca) Peels

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Orodu Victor Enearepuadoh ◽  
Igara Evawere Abigail
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability

Extraction and physicochemical analysis of oil from unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peels was carried out using cold extraction method. The peels were washed with distilled water, sun dried for 3 hours and oven dried for 6 hours at 85oC. It was then ground thoroughly. 700g of the sample was weighed and 1.20 liter of n-hexane was added for 72 hours. It was placed in a water bath for the evaporation of the solvent. The physicochemical properties determined were Saponification Value (SV), Iodine Value (IV), Free Fatty Acid Value (FFA), Peroxide Value (PV), Acid Value (AV) the mean results obtained SV 335.18mg/KOH/g, IV 7.16gI2/100g, FFA 338.76mg/KOH/g, AV 696.35mg/KOH/g and PV 328.46meq/kg. In comparing these physicochemical properties with the standard given by WHO/FAO, it was observed that IV and PV were below the range, SV, AV and FFA was above the range. Hence, the oil obtained from unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peels is not fit for human consumption because AV, SV and FFA are higher than the standard given by WHO/FAO rather it can be used for making of soap and shampoos, PV showed the stability of the oil and IV indicates it’s nondrying quality which will not be suitable for ink and paint making due to its low iodine content.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characterization Cascade of Nanoadjuvant–Antigen Systems for Improving Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Giuditta Guerrini ◽  
Antonio Vivi ◽  
Sabrina Gioria ◽  
Jessica Ponti ◽  
Davide Magrì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protein Structure ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

Adjuvants have been used for decades to enhance the immune response to vaccines, in particular for the subunit-based adjuvants. Physicochemical properties of the adjuvant-protein antigen complexes, such as size, morphology, protein structure and binding, influence the overall efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Here we show how to perform an accurate physicochemical characterization of the nanoaluminum–ovalbumin complex. Using a combination of existing techniques, we developed a multi-staged characterization strategy based on measurements of increased complexity. This characterization cascade has the advantage of being very flexible and easily adaptable to any adjuvant-protein antigen combinations. It will contribute to control the quality of antigen–adjuvant complexes and immunological outcomes, ultimately leading to improved vaccines.

Mineralogical and physicochemical characterization of selected Portuguese Mesozoic-Cenozoic muddy/clayey raw materials to be potentially used as healing clays

Clay Minerals ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rebelo ◽  
F. Rocha ◽  
E. Ferreira Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Geological Formations

AbstractThe use of pelitic geological materials for the treatment of muscle-bone-skin pathologies, by application of a cataplasm made of clay and mineral water mixture, is currently receiving attention and interest from the general public and scientific community. In Portugal there are several natural occurrences of clays/muds which are used for pelotherapy and/or geotherapy. These are carried out either indoors (thalassotherapy and thermal centres) or outdoors, in natural sites generally located near the seaside. The aim of this study is to assess the mineralogical and physicochemical properties of Portuguese raw materials for therapeutic purposes. These materials were collected from different Portuguese Mesozoic-Cenozoic geological formations located in the neighbourhood of thermal centres or at beaches known from their empirical applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to assess the mineralogical composition of these clays. Physicochemical properties, such as specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, plasticity/abrasiveness indices and heat diffusiveness were also determined. Having distinct geological ages and genesis, the materials examined are mainly illitic. Less abundant kaolinite and smectite are also present. With respect to their physicochemical properties, all samples have good thermal properties which make them potentially suitable for therapeutic or aesthetic purposes.

Physicochemical characterization of diacyltetrol-based lipids consisting of both diacylglycerol and phospholipid headgroups

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (42) ◽  
pp. 21971-21978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narsimha Mamidi ◽  
Sukhamoy Gorai ◽  
Bolledu Ravi ◽  
Debasis Manna
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Anionic Lipid ◽  
Phospholipid Headgroups ◽  
First Time

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of a family of diacyltetrol-based hybrid lipids, containing both diacylglycerol and anionic lipid headgroups within the same moiety, have been reported for the first time.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE POLLUTING LOAD OF LEACHATES FROM THE WILD DUMP OF EL HAJEB CITY (MOROCCO)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrahmane Gamar ◽  
Zakaria Khiya ◽  
Touria Zair ◽  
Mohammed El Kabriti ◽  
Abdelaziz Bouhlal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
The One ◽  
Permeable Soil

The dump in the town of El Hajeb (Morocco) is devoid of a collection and treatment system of the generated brownish effluents known as leachates. In a permeable soil and of a water table circulating in shallow depth, these percolate, after their generation, accumulate at the bottom of the waste and can infiltrate through the ground to reach the underlying water table, thus causing its contamination. Leachate would require, therefore, a specific treatment before their rejection in the receiving environment. This study aims to make a physicochemical characterization of these leachates. To do this, we conducted a series of sampling, from May 2015 to January 2017. During this period, the physicochemical analysis revealed, on the one hand, that it is discharge juice in the acidogenesis phase, conveying a significant  pollutant load rich in organic and inorganic matter (COD = 23597.5 ± 595.61 mgO2 L-1), in mineral salts (EC = 17.55 ± 0.72 mS cm-1) and in nutrient salts (TKN = 888.54 ± 13.53 mg-N L-1 and TP = 139.65 ± 48.89 mg-P L-1), concentrations exceed the values allowed by Moroccan and international standards, what makes these effluents toxic to the surrounding environment. By the present study, we incite decision-makers to manage well effectively the discharges taking into account the risks of the leachates generated.

scholarly journals Stability, spatial extension and extinction of an electric arc in aeronautical conditions of pressure under 540 V DC

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 30901
Author(s):  
Romaric Landfried ◽  
Mohamed Boukhlifa ◽  
Thierry Leblanc ◽  
Philippe Teste ◽  
Jonathan Andrea
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Arc Length ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Arc Current ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Energy Dissipated

This work deals with the characterization of DC electric arcs in aeronautical conditions of pressure (from 104 Pa to 105 Pa). Observations have been made with the help of a high speed camera and various characteristics of electric arc under 540 V DC have been studied: the stability arc length, the extinction gap, the arc duration and the mean energy dissipated in the arc. The arc current intensity range is 10–100 A. The obtained results show that the arc stability length, extinction electrode gap, arc duration and energy dissipation in the arc have a direct correlation with the pressure and the current in the circuit.

Physicochemical characterization of organogels prepared from menhaden oil or structured lipid with phytosterol blend or sucrose stearate/ascorbyl palmitate blend

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Willett ◽  
Casimir C. Akoh
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Ascorbyl Palmitate ◽  
Structured Lipid ◽  
Menhaden Oil

Phytosterol blend and sucrose stearate/ascorbyl palmitate blend organogelators and different oil phases formed organogels with different physicochemical properties.

Characterization of tofu produced with different soybean cultivars/ Caracterização de tofu produzido com diferentes cultivares de soja

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 66676-66688
Author(s):  
Sâmara Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Monteiro ◽  
Pedro Ivo Vieira Good God ◽  
Fabrícia Queiroz Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Raw Material Selection

Soybean has good properties for industrial application, including tofu production. Cultivar is one of the major factors that influence food product making potential of soybeans. This study aimed to perform the physicochemical characterization of grains, tofu and okara, as well as the sensory analysis of tofu produced from seven different experimental lines of soybean. CAC TNS showed the lowest 100 grain mass, which was equal to 12.43 g. The protein content of the cultivars showed no significant difference, which ranged from 27.77 % to 36.82 %. For tofu yield, there was no significant difference between all cultivars. Tofu of CP-09, CP-27 and CAC TNS cultivars showed the highest protein concentration and were equal to 12.76 %, 11.58 % e 11.20 %, respectively. Tofu from CP-02, CP-09, CP-12, CAC TN and CAC TNS cultivars had the highest scores for the flavor parameter. However, only tofu from CAC TN and CAC TNS had higher scores for the aroma parameter. Regarding the texture, the tofu from CP-09, CAC TN and CAC TNS showed the highest scores. Thus, CAC TNS cultivar is the most suitable to produce tofu for providing a product with better sensorial acceptance and high nutritional value. The okara obtained from the different cultivars showed considerable amounts of proteins, lipids, minerals and carbohydrates, constituting a potential residue for human consumption. These results could be used as auxiliary guide of tofu manufacturers during raw material selection with characteristics more acceptable by consumers.

Physicochemical Characterization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Prepared by a Wet Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 758 ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Jia Yun Xu ◽  
Shohei Kasugai ◽  
Hideki Aoki ◽  
Takayuki Terukina ◽  
Makoto Otsuka
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Solution ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Lower Temperature

Recently nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) has been used as a new biomaterial in medical and dental fields. There are many methods to synthesize the nano-HA. In the present study, the nano-HA was synthesized under various reaction conditions by a wet method using neutralization reaction of calcium hydroxide suspension and phosphoric acid solution. The physicochemical properties of the nano-HA were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TG and TEM. The XRD, FTIR and TEM results indicated that the nano-HA samples were pure and the sizes were less than 50 nm. However, all samples contained carbonate and the contents were determined to be 2-4% by TG. The crystallinity of the nano-HA increased higher at body temperature of 37°C than at lower temperature of 7-10°C.

Formation and Characterization of Shellac Phthalate Succinate through Organic Solvent-Free Reaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 186-189
Author(s):  
T. Sangnim ◽  
J. Nunthanid ◽  
M. Luangtana-Anan ◽  
C. Limmatvapirat ◽  
Sontaya Limmatvapirat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ester Linkage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Solvent Free Reaction

The objective of this study was to synthesize shellac phthalate succinate (SHL-PHT-SUC) through organic solvent-free reaction. Firstly, shellac phthalate (SHL-PHT) was prepared by co-grinding and annealing shellac (SHL) with phthalic anhydride (PHTA). The SHL-PHT was subsequently ground with succinic anhydride (SUCA) and activated by the same process to obtain SHL-PHT-SUC. The formation of all SHL derivatives was investigated by the monitoring acid value, insoluble solid and later confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The result indicated that the acid value was increased after annealing SHL-PHT with SUCA, suggesting the addition of succinate moiety at SHL-PHT molecule. The presence of C-O stretching of ester linkage was also observed in the FTIR spectrum. The results suggested the formation of SHL-PHT-SUC by esterification. In addition, the thermal stability was assessed by ageing the SHL derivatives at 100°C for 24 h. The SHL-PHT-SUC demonstrated lower stability as compared to SHL-PHT. The stability of SHL derivatives appeared to be related with the cross-linking of the polymer chain. In the case of SHL-PHT-SUC, succinate group, having more molecular mobility, this might encourage fast and extensive cross-linking as compared to the phthalate group and thus promoted the ageing process.

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