scholarly journals Dynamics of the Thermal Uplifting in the Atmosphere Under a Continuous Supply of Heat: Practical Application Examples

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Leonid Chernogor
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Excess Temperature ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Precursors Of Earthquakes ◽  
Peat Fires ◽  
Instantaneous Energy

The author has earlier considered the dynamics of an isolated thermic arising from an instant heat release. The rigorous analytical, as well as simplified, solutions describing the dynamics of the uplifting of a spherical thermic have been obtained. Such a thermic appears during a short-term release of heat, e.g., during an explosion. The uplifting of a meteoroid thermic has also been studied. The theory of the thermic has found applications in the magnetic precursors of earthquakes. At the same time, the heat can be supplied during many hours or even days when big forest fires occur, peat fires burn, volcano eruptions occur for a long time, and during the release of heat before earthquakes. The dynamics of the uplifting of a thermal under these circumstances is considerably different from an instantaneous energy release. Employing the cylindrical model of a thermic, the dynamics of the thermic has been studied in the case of the continuous supply of heat. Within the model, the analytical solutions to the set of equations governing the temporal dependences of the velocity of a parcel of the heated air and the position of the upper bound of the thermic, as well as the excess temperature in the heated parcel have been obtained. The upper thermal boundary speed and location has been shown to increase with uplifting, while the excess temperature to gradually decrease. The numerical estimation has been performed for characteristic situations. The ecological consequences of large-scale fires, as well as the mechanisms for generating gravity waves by the thermals, are discussed. The physics-based mechanisms for generating acoustic wide-band emissions by the thermals have been analyzed; the wave periods have been estimated to be 1–103 s. The energy of acoustic emissions from a big fire has been estimated to be approximately 1014 J. At the same time, the energy of acoustic emissions from all fires that occurred in the Russian Federation in 2020 amounts to 7∙1016 J, while in Ukraine it is three orders of magnitude lower.

TO THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR TORTURE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
ASTEMIR ZHURTOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Russian Federation

Cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as humiliate the dignity, are prohibited in most countries of the world, and Russia is no exception in this issue. The article presents an analysis of the institution of responsibility for torture in the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that the current criminal law of Russia superficially and fragmentally regulates liability for torture, in connection with which the author formulated the proposals to define such act as an independent crime. In the frame of modern globalization, the world community pays special attention to the protection of human rights, in connection with which large-scale international standards have been created a long time ago. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international acts enshrine prohibitions of cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as degrade the dignity.Considering the historical experience of the past, these standards focus on the prohibition of any kind of torture, regardless of the purpose of their implementation.

Long-time risk of groundwater/drinking water pollution with sulphuric compounds beneath burned peatlands in Indonesia

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.C. Hammen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp Forest ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Peat Fires ◽  
Vegetation And Peat Fires

Smoke-haze episodes caused by vegetation and peat fires affect parts of Indonesia every year with significant impacts on human health and climate. The forest fires 1997/1998 were by far the largest in Indonesian history, burning between 5 and 8 million hectares before they were stopped by the monsoon rains in December 1997. Fires sprang up again in 1998 on Kalimantan when monsoon rain paused. Peat forests and peatlands are in particular severely affected. In the 1997/1998 haze event, 2.1–2.5 million hectare of peat swamp forest burnt in Indonesia. The remaining ash contains high concentrations of sulphur and sulphuric compounds which eventually leach into the groundwater, thus polluting groundwater and drinking water. The thicker the peat layer is and the higher the number of fires in the respective area the more sulphuric compounds will leach into the groundwater. Risk areas for the sulphur loads of the ash are identified.

scholarly journals Recent Large-Scale Fires in Boreal and Tropical Forests

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hayasaka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
International Association ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Carbon Oxide ◽  
Savanna Fires ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Forest Floors ◽  
Peat Fires

One of the objectives of this review of recent trends in fires in boreal and tropical forests is to raise reader awareness of wilderness fires as a type of disaster mainly caused by human activity. Fires occurring in different vegetative areas are usually named for the vegetation in which they occur, e.g., forest fires, bush fires, savanna fires, and peat or bog fires. The term "wildland fire" represents all such fires. Despite the widespread occurrence of such fires, the International Association of Wildland Fires (IAWF) is the only international association covering vegetation conflagrations. This review focuses on forest and peat fires in boreal and tropical forests, first, because forests in these areas have accumulated large amounts of carbon in their forest floors. And, second, because such fires usually are large-scale and emit large amounts of carbon oxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4).

scholarly journals Practical behavioural solutions to COVID-19: Changing the role of behavioural science in crises

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Coosje Tanis ◽  
Floor Nauta ◽  
Meier Boersma ◽  
Maya van der Steenhoven ◽  
Denny Borsboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Contact Network ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Total N ◽  
Shopping Cart ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Long Time

For a very long time in the COVID-19 crisis, behavioural change leading to physical distancing behaviour was the only tool at our disposal to mitigate virus spread. In this large-scale naturalistic experimental study we show how we can use behavioural science to find ways to promote the desired physical distancing behaviour. During seven days in a supermarket we implemented different behavioural interventions: (i) rewarding customers for keeping distance; (i) providing signage to guide customers; and (iii) altering shopping cart regulations. We asked customers to wear a tag that measured distances to other tags using ultra-wide band at 1Hz. In total N = 4,232 customers participated in the study. We compared the number of contacts (< 1.5 m, corresponding to Dutch regulations) between customers using state-of-the-art contact network analyses. We found that rewarding customers and providing signage increased physical distancing, whereas shopping cart regulations did not impact physical distancing. Rewarding customers moreover reduced the duration of remaining contacts between customers. These results demonstrate the feasibility to conduct large-scale behavioural experiments that can provide guidelines for policy. While the COVID-19 crisis unequivocally demonstrates the importance of behaviour and behavioural change, behaviour is integral to many crises, like the trading of mortgages in the financial crisis or the consuming of goods in the climate crisis. We argue that by acknowledging the role of behaviour in crises, and redefining this role in terms of the desired behaviour and necessary behavioural change, behavioural science can open up new solutions to crises and inform policy. We believe that we should start taking advantage of these opportunities.

Russian armed aggression against Ukraine – the impact on the environment of the temporarily occupied territories

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Myroslav Malovanyy ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Bohach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
The Future ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which has been going on since 2014, caused severe consequences for our state. Besides killing and injuring dozens of thousands of Ukrainian citizens, expelling hundreds of thousands of people from their homes, seizing and destroying infrastructure, Russia has inflicted large-scale environmental damage in the occupied territories. Thus, as a result of the occupation of Crimea, the situation with fresh water on the peninsula is rapidly deteriorating, which can significantly change the ecosystem in the future. In addition, the warfare launched by the aggressor against Ukraine in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions caused serious environmental and man-made consequences, among which the main are pollution of groundwater and surface water, flooding of mines, subsidence, air pollution, destruction of agricultural lands, destruction and damage of nature reserves, forest fires, etc. Ignoring the environmental threats caused by Russian armed aggression can lead to catastrophic aftermath in the future. To prevent this scenario, an effective response is needed not only from Ukraine but also from the entire international community.

PROTECTION OF THE SETTLEMENTS FROM LARGE-SCALE FOREST FIRES

2016 ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sednev ◽  
◽  
N. Teterina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

Towards the elimination of occupational cancers in the Russian Federation: cancer research for cancer prevention (Part 1)

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-106
Author(s):  
J. Schüz ◽  
A. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Cancer Registration ◽  
Occupational Cancer ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Incident Cases

Cancer is increasing worldwide. Th e Russian Federation is no exception in this regard with an increase of the total number of new cases predicted to rise from 529,062 in 2018 to 587,622 in 2040. Th e present high burden and increase in incident cases at the same time increases the pressure on healthcare infrastructure and related costs. Th us, primary and secondary prevention of cancer becomes essential. Occupational cancers related to exposure at the workplace are among the preventable cancer burden, due to the modifi ability of the risk through minimisation of occupational exposures and adequate worker protection. For the Russian Federation, some 20,000 cancers each year may be att ributable to occupation, but systematic recording is currently lacking. As information is also lacking on the absolute eff ect of various occupational carcinogens in the Russian workforce due to lack of large-scale epidemiological studies and because for many suspected occupational carcinogens the evidence may become stronger, the true burden may in fact be higher. Th e Russian Federation appears particularly suitable for research into occupational cancer given the sizable workforce, the heavy industr ialisation as well as the good documentation and workplace surveillance over time, so that results are both informative for the situation in the Russian Federation and on a global scale. Five challenging but not unfeasible steps of nationwide population-based cancer registration, development of a legal framework for record linkage of registries and data collections, recording of occupational cancers, large scale epidemiological occupational cancer research and rigorous implementation of worker protection on known carcinogens, lead the way to a continuously updated cancer control plan that includes the elimination of occupational cancer in the Russian Federation.

Development of public-private partnerships in the regional dimension

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
T. M. Barbysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

Public-private partnership (PPP) in the conditions of the set strategic tasks by the President of the Russian Federation until 2030 can become one of the sources of attracting financial resources for implementation of the large-scale projects. In this regard, it is relevant to systematize the forms of PPPs and the scope of their application. Based on a study of different views on the essence of PPP, as well as taking into account the development of public administration in Russia, the author proposed the use of public-public-private partnership as a form of development of cooperation between the state, private business and society. The polyformism of PPPs is reflected in the presented classification. Based on the analysis of PPP development in the regional context, hypothesis on the correlation between the level of PPP and the socio-economic development of the subject of the Russian Federation was confirmed.

scholarly journals From “the Moon Is Rounder Abroad” to “Bravo, My Country”: How China Misperceives the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Global Affairs ◽  
Chinese Public

AbstractFor a long time, since China’s opening to the outside world in the late 1970s, admiration for foreign socioeconomic prosperity and quality of life characterized much of the Chinese society, which contributed to dissatisfaction with the country’s development and government and a large-scale exodus of students and emigrants to foreign countries. More recently, however, overestimating China’s standing and popularity in the world has become a more conspicuous feature of Chinese public opinion and the social backdrop of the country’s overreach in global affairs in the last few years. This essay discusses the effects of these misperceptions about the world, their potential sources, and the outcomes of correcting misperceptions. It concludes that while the world should get China right and not misinterpret China’s intentions and actions, China should also get the world right and have a more balanced understanding of its relationship with the world.

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