أثر الإحالة في تماسك النص

2020 ◽  
pp. arabic cover-english cover
Author(s):  
Norah Mohammed Al Bashri
Keyword(s):  
Text Coherence ◽  
Textual Approach ◽  
Textual Cohesion ◽  
Holistic Conception ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reference Tools ◽  
Verbal Relations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linguistic Structures

يعد التماسك النصي من أهم المفاهيم التي أفرزها الحقل اللساني، وهو يتجاوز حدود الربط بين أجزاء الجملة المفردة إلى تصور كلي للنص، يشتغل على بنياته اللغوية الصغرى التي تكشف عن علاقات النص المتداخلة، وصولًا إلى الانسجام بين حقوله المختلفة: معجمية، وتركيبية، ودلالية. ولا يتم هذا الاتساق والانسجام إلا من خلال مجموعة من العلائق اللفظية، وتعد الإحالة إحدى هذه العلائق التي تتحقق على المستوى السطحي للنص: رأسيًا وأفقيًا؛ ولذلك كانت هذ المقاربة (أثر الإحالة في تماسك النص-مقاربة لسانية نصية في قصيدة عمر أبو ريشة (بنات شاعر). وقد قدمت الدراسة مفهوم الإحالة وأنواعها وآلياتها، ثم طبقت هذه الآليات على النص المختار. وانتهت الدراسة إلى تميز نص (بنات شاعر) بحشد كبير لأدوات الإحالة، مما كان له أكبر الأثر في تحقيق تماسكه النصي، وظهر بجلاء قدرة أبي ريشة على تسخير الإحالة بمختلف أنواعها بفنية عالية، فكان لها وظيفتها الجمالية على مستوى الشكل، وظيفتها المعنوية على مستوى الدلالة. أما منهج البحث فهو المنهج اللساني النصي الذي يعدِّ النص مرجعًا مكتفيًا بذاته في إنتاج الدلالة، والانتقال من سلطة الخارج إلى سلطة الداخل، أي إلى سلطة البنية النصية، كما استعان البحث بالمنهج الإحصائي لإحصاء آليات الإحالة، وإبراز أكثرها تأثيرًا. الكلمات المفتاحية: بنات شاعر-التماسك النصي –الإحالة-النص-الترابط. Summary Textual cohesion is one of the most important concepts produced by the linguistic field. It transcends the boundaries of connecting between the individual parts of a sentence to a holistic conception of the text, which concentrates on its minor linguistic structures that reveal overlapping text relationships towards the harmony of its various fields: lexical, syntactic, and semantic. This consistency and harmony can only be achieved through a set of verbal relations. Reference is one of these relations that is achieved in the text superficially: vertically and horizontally. Therefore, this approach (the impact of reference in the cohesion of the text - a linguistic textual approach to the poem of Omar Abu Risha (bnat shaer). The study introduced the concept of reference, its types and mechanisms, and then it applied these mechanisms to the selected text. The study concluded that the text (bnat shaer) was distinguished by a large number of reference tools, which had the greatest impact in achieving its textual cohesion, and it clearly demonstrated Abu Risha`s ability to harness the various types of reference with high skill. Thus, it had its aesthetic function at the level of form, and its moral function at the level of significance. As for the research methodology, it is the linguistic textual approach, which considers the text as a self-sufficient reference in the production of indications and transiting from the outer authority to the interior. That is to transit to the authority of the textual structure. The research also used the statistical method to count the mechanisms of reference and highlighting the most influential ones. Keywords: bnat shaer - Textual cohesion - reference - text -coherence.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status and Associated Factors Among Children Below Five Years of Age in Somali Region, Ethiopia: Evidence From 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damitie Kebede ◽  
Hayat Aragaw ◽  
Eyerusalem Worku
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Somali Region ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Childhood under-nutrition is far-reaching in low and middle-income nations. Under-nutrition is one of the major open wellbeing concerns among newborn children and youthful children in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of under-nutrition and its related variables among under-five children in Somali Region, Ethiopia.Methods: The data for this study was extricated from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016. The data collected from 1339 children born 5 years before was considered within the analysis. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was utilized at a 5% level of significance to decide the individual and community-level variables related to childhood malnutrition.Results: the incidences of stunting, underweight and wasting were 27.4%, 28.7% and 22.7%, respectively. About 16.1% of children were both stunted and underweight; the extent of both being underweight and wasted was 11.7%, the prevalence of both stunted and wasted children was 5.5%, and all three malnutrition conditions were 4.7% children. Among the variables considered in this study, age of the child in months, type of birth, anemia level, size child at birth, sex of the child, mothers’ BMI and sources of drinking water were significantly related to stunting, underweight and wasting in Somali Region.Conclusions: The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was relatively high. Under-nutrition is one of the major open wellbeing concerns among children in Somali region. The impact of these variables ought to be considered to develop strategies for decreasing the lack of healthy sustenance due to malnutrition in the study areas. Hence, intercession should be centered on making strides the under-nutrition determinant variables of the children to be solid, to improve the child’s wholesome status, and decrease child mortality quickly.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

The Role of Threat and Economic Uncertainty in Support for Scottish Independence

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kopasker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Levels Of Support

Existing research has consistently shown that perceptions of the potential economic consequences of Scottish independence are vital to levels of support for constitutional change. This paper attempts to investigate the mechanism by which expectations of the economic consequences of independence are formed. A hypothesised causal micro-level mechanism is tested that relates constitutional preferences to the existing skill investments of the individual. Evidence is presented that larger skill investments are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving economic threats from independence. Additionally, greater perceived threat results in lower support for independence. The impact of uncertainty on both positive and negative economic expectations is also examined. While uncertainty has little effect on negative expectations, it significantly reduces the likelihood of those with positive expectations supporting independence. Overall, it appears that a general economy-wide threat is most significant, and it is conjectured that this stems a lack of information on macroeconomic governance credentials.

Quantitative indicators of air traffic controllers’ attitude to the danger of errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
O. M. Reva ◽  
V. V. Kamyshin ◽  
S. P. Borsuk ◽  
V. A. Shulhin ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The negative and persistent impact of the human factor on the statistics of aviation accidents and serious incidents makes proactive studies of the attitude of “front line” aviation operators (air traffic controllers, flight crewmembers) to dangerous actions or professional conditions as a key component of the current paradigm of ICAO safety concept. This “attitude” is determined through the indicators of the influence of the human factor on decision-making, which also include the systems of preferences of air traffic controllers on the indicators and characteristics of professional activity, illustrating both the individual perception of potential risks and dangers, and the peculiarities of generalized group thinking that have developed in a particular society. Preference systems are an ordered (ranked) series of n = 21 errors: from the most dangerous to the least dangerous and characterize only the danger preference of one error over another. The degree of this preference is determined only by the difference in the ranks of the errors and does not answer the question of how much time one error is more dangerous in relation to another. The differential method for identifying the comparative danger of errors, as well as the multistep technology for identifying and filtering out marginal opinions were applied. From the initial sample of m = 37 professional air traffic controllers, two subgroups mB=20 and mG=7 people were identified with statisti-cally significant at a high level of significance within the group consistency of opinions a = 1%. Nonpara-metric optimization of the corresponding group preference systems resulted in Kemeny’s medians, in which the related (middle) ranks were missing. Based on these medians, weighted coefficients of error hazards were determined by the mathematical prioritization method. It is substantiated that with the ac-cepted accuracy of calculations, the results obtained at the second iteration of this method are more ac-ceptable. The values of the error hazard coefficients, together with their ranks established in the preference systems, allow a more complete quantitative and qualitative analysis of the attitude of both individual air traffic controllers and their professional groups to hazardous actions or conditions.

Laughter on the Fringes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Peterson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Autobiographical Writing ◽  
Treasure Trove ◽  
Old Comedy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Aggressive Humor ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This book examines the impact that Athenian Old Comedy had on Greek writers of the Imperial era. It is generally acknowledged that Imperial-era Greeks responded to Athenian Old Comedy in one of two ways: either as a treasure trove of Atticisms, or as a genre defined by and repudiated for its aggressive humor. Worthy of further consideration, however, is how both approaches, and particularly the latter one that relegated Old Comedy to the fringes of the literary canon, led authors to engage with the ironic and self-reflexive humor of Aristophanes, Eupolis, and Cratinus. Authors ranging from serious moralizers (Plutarch and Aelius Aristides) to comic writers in their own right (Lucian, Alciphron), to other figures not often associated with Old Comedy (Libanius) adopted aspects of the genre to negotiate power struggles, facilitate literary and sophistic rivalries, and provide a model for autobiographical writing. To varying degrees, these writers wove recognizable features of the genre (e.g., the parabasis, its agonistic language, the stage biographies of the individual poets) into their writings. The image of Old Comedy that emerges from this time is that of a genre in transition. It was, on the one hand, with the exception of Aristophanes’s extant plays, on the verge of being almost completely lost; on the other hand, its reputation and several of its most characteristic elements were being renegotiated and reinvented.

Individuality and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Zavatta
Keyword(s):  
Moral Autonomy ◽  
First Line ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The World ◽  
Regulative Ideal ◽  
Personal Library ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Based on an analysis of the marginal markings and annotations Nietzsche made to the works of Emerson in his personal library, the book offers a philosophical interpretation of the impact on Nietzsche’s thought of his reading of these works, a reading that began when he was a schoolboy and extended to the final years of his conscious life. The many ideas and sources of inspiration that Nietzsche drew from Emerson can be organized in terms of two main lines of thought. The first line leads in the direction of the development of the individual personality, that is, the achievement of critical thinking, moral autonomy, and original self-expression. The second line of thought is the overcoming of individuality: that is to say, the need to transcend one’s own individual—and thus by definition limited—view of the world by continually confronting and engaging with visions different from one’s own and by putting into question and debating one’s own values and certainties. The image of the strong personality that Nietzsche forms thanks to his reading of Emerson ultimately takes on the appearance of a nomadic subject who is continually passing out of themselves—that is to say, abandoning their own positions and convictions—so as to undergo a constant process of evolution. In other words, the formation of the individual personality takes on the form of a regulative ideal: a goal that can never be said to have been definitively and once and for all attained.

An Active Learning Approach to Teaching Social Determinants of Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Jeanita W. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Style Preferences ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Style Preferences ◽  
The Impact

This active learning exercise is designed to deconstruct the impact of social determinants through the assumption of randomly selected personas. As an active learning exercise, it provides opportunities for discussion, problem solving, writing, and synthesis, while incorporating multiple learning style preferences. Part 1 involves assessing the individual social determinants at work. Part 2 involves exploring ways said determinants can enhance community health through collaboration. Assumption of personas unlike one’s own facilitates an open discussion of social position and ranges of factors influential to health without potentially evoking a sense of defensiveness associated with personal privilege (or the lack thereof).

scholarly journals Cultural and Creative Cities and Regional Economic Efficiency: Context Conditions as Catalyzers of Cultural Vibrancy and Creative Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7150
Author(s):  
Silvia Cerisola ◽  
Elisa Panzera
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Creative Cities ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Holistic Conception ◽  
Panel Fixed Effects ◽  
The Impact

Following the hype that has been given to culture and creativity as triggers and enhancers of local economic performance in the last 20 years, this work originally contributes to the literature with the objective of assessing the impact of cultural and creative cities (CCCs) on the economic output of their regions. In this sense, the cultural and creative character of cities is considered a strategic strength and opportunity that can spillover, favoring the economic system of the entire regions in which the cities are located. Through an innovative methodology that exploits a regional production function estimated by a panel fixed effects model, the effect of cities’ cultural vibrancy and creative economy on the output of their regions is econometrically explored. The data source is the Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor (CCCM) provided by the JRC, which also allows the investigation of the possible role played by the enabling environment in catalyzing the action of cultural vibrancy and creative economy. The results are thoroughly examined: especially through cultural vibrancy, CCCs strategically support the output of their region. This is particularly the case when local context conditions—such as human capital and education, openness, tolerance and trust, and quality of governance—catalyze their effect. Overall, CCCs contribute to feeding a long-term self-supporting system, interpreted according to a holistic conception that includes economic, social, cultural, and environmental domains.

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