scholarly journals СИНТАКТИЧНАТА ПАРАДИГМА ВЪВ ФОРМАЛНОТО СИНТАКТИЧНО ОПИСАНИЕ / SYNTACTIC PARADIGM IN THE FORMAL SYNTACTIC DESCRIPTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
VIARA MALDJIEVA MALDJIEVA
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Syntactic Description ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Point Of Departure

The paper deals with the scope of the term syntactic paradigm with a view to the syntactic description in the framework of a normative grammar of Bulgarian. The overview of the content of the term as understood by different authors shows that the proposed definitions do not satisfy the requirement for an independent description of form and content adopted as a basic principle in normative grammar. The reason for this is that scholars take as a point of departure the lexeme, an idiomatic (individual) set of word forms with an identical and regularly differentiated semantic characteristics that enter into regular oppositions. The paper offers an entirely formal understanding of the term syntactic paradigm whose applicability in the syntactic component of normative grammar is illustrated with selected subparadigms that include formal sentence structures consisting of simple endocentric syntactic constructions with verbs, prepositions and nouns. Keywords: syntactic paradigm, formal description, sentence structures, normative grammar, Bulgarian language

Twentieth Annual Roland H. Bainton Presidential Lecture: Intertextual Play: Erasmus' Use of Adages in the Colloquies

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Ari Wesseling
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Point Of Departure

AbstractA copious use of ancient adages is a prominent feature of the Praise of Folly. Focusing on the Colloquies, this essay discusses passages where a source or subtext has previously not been recognized. In the Ciceronianus, his plea for eclectic imitation, Erasmus declares that the basic principle of art is concealing the technique. This rule is taken as a point of departure for analyzing the ways in which he handles adages. Rather than concealing a borrowing, Erasmus adapts it, using paraphrase, parody, inversion of the sense, and by combining it with other materials. Angelo Poliziano's writing was an important model for him.

German noun inflection revisited

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES KILBURY
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Knowledge Representation Language ◽  
Representation Language ◽  
Inflectional Paradigms

Cahill & Gazdar (henceforth C&G) have presented their analysis of German noun inflection in issue 35.1 (1999) of this journal. As they emphasize (on page 4), the lexical knowledge representation language DATR they employ is theoretically neutral and can serve to encode descriptions set in entirely diverse theoretical frameworks, not just those that are theoretically close to theirs. The formalism is just as amenable to ‘item and process’ and ‘word and paradigm’ analyses as it is to the affixal ‘item and arrangement’ perspective. Moreover, distinct DATR theories (i.e., concrete descriptions) may differ greatly in their input (queries) and output (returned values) while they share a common structure reflecting the inheritance relations arising from the described phenomena.In this paper I will present another analysis of German noun inflection, encoded in the same formalism but based on the theory of MINIMALIST MORPHOLOGY developed by Wunderlich and his associates (Wunderlich & Fabri 1995, Wunderlich 1997a, 1999b). In his account German nouns are mapped into tree-based representations of their inflectional paradigms, whereas C&G map tuples of lexemes and inflectional categories (case and number) into individual inflected word forms. The major linguistic gain of my analysis is that the principal strength of Wunderlich's account, the formal description of relations within paradigms, is combined with the formal description of hierarchical relations BETWEEN paradigms, which is central for C&G but given little attention by Wunderlich.

Measuring Word Learning Ability in Sequential Bilingual Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pui Fong Kan
Keyword(s):  
Word Learning ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Learning Skills ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Novel Word Learning ◽  
L1 And L2

Abstract The purpose of this article is to look at the word learning skills in sequential bilingual children—children who learn two languages (L1 and L2) at different times in their childhood. Learning a new word is a process of learning a word form and relating this form to a concept. For bilingual children, each concept might need to map onto two word forms (in L1 and in L2). In case studies, I present 3 typically developing Hmong-English bilingual preschoolers' word learning skills in Hmong (L1) and in English (L2) during an 8-week period (4 weeks for each language). The results showed gains in novel-word knowledge in L1 and in L2 when the amount of input is equal for both languages. The individual differences in novel word learning are discussed.

The Contribution of Pavlov's Typology of CNS Properties to Personality Research

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Strelau
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
The West ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Personality Theories ◽  
Strength Of Excitation ◽  
Point Of Departure

This paper presents Pavlov's contribution to the development of biological-oriented personality theories. Taking a short description of Pavlov's typology of central nervous system (CNS) properties as a point of departure, it shows how, and to what extent, this typology influenced further research in the former Soviet Union as well as in the West. Of special significance for the development of biologically oriented personality dimensions was the conditioned reflex paradigm introduced by Pavlov for studying individual differences in dogs. This paradigm was used by Russian psychologists in research on types of nervous systems conducted in different animal species as well as for assessing temperament in children and adults. Also, personality psychologists in the West, such as Eysenck, Spence, and Gray, incorporated the CR paradigm into their theories. Among the basic properties of excitation and inhibition on which Pavlov's typology was based, strength of excitation and the basic indicator of this property, protective inhibition, gained the highest popularity in arousaloriented personality theories. Many studies have been conducted in which the Pavlovian constructs of CNS properties have been related to different personality dimensions. In current research the behavioral expressions of the Pavlovian constructs of strength of excitation, strength of inhibition, and mobility of nervous processes as measured by the Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS) have been related to over a dozen of personality dimensions, mostly referring to temperament.

Tasks of computer graphics under conditions of fundamentalization of preparation of an informatics teacher

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Ye. Yi. Bidaibekov ◽  
V. V. Grinshkun ◽  
S. N. Koneva
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Fundamental Component ◽  
The Future ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Education Training ◽  
Mathematical Foundations

The article deals with computer graphics tasks related to the activities of the future informatics teacher in conditions of fundamentalization of education. Training of future informatics teachers in the context of the fundamentalization of education requires them to know the range of tasks related to computer graphics and the skills to solve them. In order to enhance the fundamental component of computer graphics, methods are proposed that rely on interprandial communications, as well as on in-depth training of computer graphics. In the course of reasoning, the authors come to the conclusion that the content of computer graphics should be enriched with mathematical foundations of computer graphics and as a result update the content of the computer graphics course with machine graphics algorithms. The basic principle of selecting the content of the course offered is the principle of the fundamentalization of education. Since the scope of application of computer graphics is extensive, in our opinion, the system of tasks and tasks on computer graphics is the most interesting. A feature of this system is the orientation towards solving fundamental problems of computer graphics. It was also revealed during the study that it is possible to reduce the tasks of the proposed system to a certain sequence of stages. The application of stages for a certain type of tasks affects the methods of solving them. Thus, the fundamental training of future informatics teachers in computer graphics requires them to know these stages and methods of solving fundamental computer graphics tasks.

Migrant Diplomacies: Rethinking Diplomacy Beyond State-Centric Perspectives. A Civic Bi-Nationality Experience from North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Alejo
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Interdisciplinary Dialogue ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
Migrant Activism ◽  
Point Of Departure

There is a pressing need to extend our thinking about diplomacy beyond state-centric perspectives, as in the name of sovereignty and national interests, people on move are confronting virtual, symbolic and/or material walls and frames of policies inhibiting their free movement. My point of departure is to explore migrant activism and global politics through the transformation of diplomacy in a globalised world. Developing an interdisciplinary dialogue between new diplomacy and sociology, I evidence the emergence of global sociopolitical formations created through civic bi-nationality organisations. Focusing on the agent in interaction with structures, I present a theoretical framework and strategy for analysing the practices of migrant diplomacies as an expression of contemporary politics. A case study from North America regarding returned families in Mexico City provides evidence of how these alternative diplomacies are operating.

A Comparative Analysis of the Poetics of Anger in John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger and Femi Osofisan’s The Chattering and the Song

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Emotion ◽  
Fundamental Component ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Desire To Change

Anger is a basic human emotion that has a force for constructive or destructive ends. Its expression in any circumstance can be a trigger for a desire to change a prevailing situation. In all cases, anger is a fundamental component of art. This study examines the use of anger in Osborne’s Look Back in Anger and Osofisan’s The Chattering and the Song. Osborne and Osofisan are two writers who are very anxious to change their societies through their art. In spite of differences in their origin (Osborne was a Briton while Osofisan is a Nigerian), they wrote at a time of certain social and political upheavals in their countries. They also share similar concerns and attitudes towards art. My focus in this paper is on the early plays of Osborne and Osofisan where anger is strongest and where their artistic triumph is most poignant. Working within the formalist approach, the paper reveals that in Osborne and Osofisan, extreme anger is both material and style and is what marks their art out. The reification by the intellect provides a potent instrument for investigating society. Anger becomes the point of departure for their art, it is not mere hysterics but a cerebral one and it is the motivating force for their writings.

Hopscotch Modernism: On Everyday Life and the Blurring of Art and Social Science

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Highmore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Point Of Departure

From a remarkably innovative point of departure, Ben Highmore (University of Sussex) suggests that modernist literature and art were not the only cultural practices concerned with reclaiming the everyday and imbuing it with significance. At the same time, Roger Caillois was studying the spontaneous interactions involved in games such as hopscotch, while other small scale institutions such as the Pioneer Health Centre in Peckham, London attempted to reconcile systematic study and knowledge with the non-systematic exchanges in games and play. Highmore suggests that such experiments comprise a less-often recognised ‘modernist heritage’, and argues powerfully for their importance within early-twentieth century anthropology and the newly-emerged field of cultural studies.

Intentions and their Effects on the Legality of Dispositions and Contracts

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Abdullah Muhammad al-Shami
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Legal Contract ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Legal Opinions ◽  
The Right

In Islamic law judgements on any human action are usually evaluated in terms of the intention involved. Accordingly, the rules of substantive issues have to be accommodated under the basic principles of Islamic jurisprudence. The understanding of these principles by the juristic scholar is highly rewarding because it will lead the muftī to the right path in deriving legal opinions from the original sources. The basic principle of Islamic jurisprudence, which stipulates that ‘all actions depend on intentions,’ has played an important role in the construction of Islamic jurisprudence. Moreover, this rule has a special place in the theory of Islamic legal contract. So what is the effect of intention in the validity of human actions and legal contracts? It is known that pure intention has significant effects on spiritual worship and legal contracts of transaction. It also gives guidance for earning rewards from Almighty Allah. This article concentrates on the effect of intention in perpetual worship, the concept of action and intention in Islamic legal works, the kind of contract with all its components, and the jurists' views on the effects of intention in human action and legal contract along with their discussion and counter-arguments.

The Transfer of Complaint: A Narcissistic Time-Share

Paragraph ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-293
Author(s):  
Avital Ronell
Keyword(s):  
French Studies ◽  
Time Share ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Insight Into

Reflecting on the debts collected by Shoshana Felman's work, within the theoretical contexts of the time in which the 1977 Yale French Studies issue of ‘Psychoanalysis and Literature’ first appeared, this article takes as its point of departure Lacan's analysis of Hamlet's father as the barred Other, focusing on Hamlet's ‘complaint’. The nature of the complaint (plainte, or Klage, also closely allied to Anklage, or accusation) is then explored in relation to various writers and thinkers — Rilke, Benjamin, Nietzsche, Heidegger, among others — and more specifically via a reading of François Roustang's La Fin de la plainte (The End of the Complaint), and his own interpretations of Freudian narcissism. Scanning the wreckage for which the little narcissists are responsible, the article aims to give more insight into the structuring principles of those who whine incessantly.

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