A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE TYPE OF GROUNDWATER FOR WESTERN MOSUL REGIONS

Three water springs were selected in the western part of the city of Mosul (AinQana belongs to Al-Ayadiyah sub-district, Ain Abu Maria village, and AinSubashi in the center of Tal Afar district) to study some physical and chemical characteristics (temperature, electrical conductivity, acidic function, as well as negative and positive ions) and the biological characteristics of algae. The results of the study showed that the change in water temperature was little during the study period, and the highest value of the electrical connection reached (2557, 2488, and 1817) microsiemens / cm in Subashi, Qana, and Abu Maria sites, respectively. Whereas, the average dissolved oxygen concentration ranged between (0.0 to 3.6) mg / L at Qana and Subashi sites respectively. The total basal values ranged between (128) mg / L as CaCO3 at the site of Qana and (154) mg / L as CaCO3 at the site of Subashi. The results showed that the sodium concentration values were greater than the potassium concentration values in the three sites. Sixteen species of algae that belong to the algae section were diagnosed as bluish-green algae, green algae, and red algae. Oscillatoria was diagnosed in AinQana and the absence of the species belonging to the two algae sections, green and red algae in AinQana.

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As Nascentes como Fonte de Abastecimento de Populações Rurais Difusas (The Springs as Supply Source of Rural Diffuse Population)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v4i5.232762 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 974

Author(s):

Ricardo Augusto Pessôa Braga

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Basic Needs ◽

Supply Source ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Farming Families ◽

Water Springs ◽

Conventional Systems ◽

The City ◽

Perennial Springs

A universalização do abastecimento de água no Brasil ainda é um desafio que se busca suplantar, sobretudo em relação ao atendimento a populações rurais difusas, onde os sistemas convencionais não respondem às demandas das famílias de agricultores dispersas. Nesse contexto, as nascentes de água podem contribuir como solução alternativa para o abastecimento doméstico, por se encontrarem próximas ao consumo e sob o controle do usuário Isto é evidenciado no estudo das nascentes situadas no Assentamento Serra Grande, no município de Vitória de Santo Antão, Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. Foram identificadas, cadastradas e selecionadas nascentes perenes, para caracterização da qualidade e vazão das águas, objetivando avaliá-las para usos múltiplos, com prioridade ao abastecimento doméstico. Evidenciou-se que a vazão, mesmo em períodos de estiagem, possui potencial de atender às necessidades básicas dos agricultores, para beber, preparo de alimentos, banho, lavagem de utensílios e roupas e descarga em sanitários. Quanto à qualidade para uso doméstico, em geral a água atende aos limites sanitários, embora em alguns casos a presença de Escherichia coli exija recuperação da nascente e cloração cuidadosa da água. Pelos resultados, a produção de água em nascentes situadas em solos e clima predominantes na Zona da Mata do Nordeste brasileiro, permite atender às necessidades básicas de abastecimento doméstico de agricultores familiares isolados ou em pequenas vilas rurais, sendo uma alternativa aos sistemas convencionais de abastecimento, já identificada pelo governo federal em seus recentes planos de abastecimento de populações rurais difusas. Palavras-chave: recursos hídricos; gestão ambiental; desenvolvimento rural The Springs as Supply Source of Rural Diffuse Population ABSTRACTThe universalization of the water supply in Brazil is still a challenge that it seeks to be supplant, especially in relation to the service to rural diffuse population, where conventional systems do not respond to the demands of farming families dispersed. In this context, the water springs may contribute as a workaround for domestic supply, because they are close to consumption and under user control. This is evidenced in the study of springs located at Settlement Serra Grande, located in the city of Vitória de Santo Antão, Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. It has been identified, registered and selected perennial springs, to characterize the quality and water flow, aiming to evaluate them for multiple uses with priority to domestic supply. It was evident that the flow even during drought periods, has potential to meet the basic needs of farmers, for drinking, preparing meals, baths, wash utensils and clothes and flushing toilets. As for the quality for home use, generally water meets health limits although in some cases the presence of Escherichia coli, requires careful recovery of the source and chlorination of water. According to the results, the production of water in springs located in soils and climate prevailing in Zona da Mata of Brazilian northeastern, it allows to meet basic needs for domestic supply from family farmers in small villages or isolated rural villages, being an alternative to conventional supply, already identified by the federal government in their recent plans for the supply of rural diffuse population. Keywords: water resources; environmental management; rural development

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Phycobiliproteins: A Novel Green Tool from Marine Origin Blue-Green Algae and Red Algae

Protein and Peptide Letters ◽

10.2174/0929866523666160802160222 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 118-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rashmi Chandra ◽

Roberto Parra ◽

Hafiz M. N. Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Green Algae ◽

Red Algae ◽

Marine Origin ◽

Blue Green Algae

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Influence of Erythrocytes on Direct Potentiometric Determination of Sodium and Potassium

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456328302000211 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 116-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P Bijster ◽

H L Vader ◽

C L J Vink

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Reference Electrode ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

General Phenomenon ◽

Liquid Junction ◽

Direct Potentiometry ◽

The Difference ◽

Sodium And Potassium

We have shown that the sodium concentration in whole blood measured by direct potentiometry is higher than in plasma. The ‘erythrocyte-effect’, already described by Siggaard Andersen, is most pronounced for instruments equipped with a reference electrode with an open static liquid junction and is thus a general phenomenon. Instruments with a modified liquid junction show less interference. The same phenomenon appears for the determination of the potassium concentration, although the difference between whole blood and plasma, when measured with instruments equipped with a modified liquid junction, can be neglected in practice.

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Plasma and Electrolyte Changes in Exercising Humans After Ingestion of Multiple Boluses of Pickle Juice

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-50.2.07 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 141-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael A. McKenney ◽

Kevin C. Miller ◽

James E. Deal ◽

Julie A. Garden-Robinson ◽

Yeong S. Rhee

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Blood Sample ◽

Plasma Volume ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Plasma Osmolality ◽

Plasma Potassium ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

Plasma Sodium ◽

Plasma Sodium Concentration

Context: Twenty-five percent of athletic trainers administer pickle juice (PJ) to treat cramping. Anecdotally, some clinicians provide multiple boluses of PJ during exercise but warn that repeated ingestion of PJ may cause hyperkalemia. To our knowledge, no researchers have examined the effect of ingesting multiple boluses of PJ on the same day or the effect of ingestion during exercise. Objective: To determine the short-term effects of ingesting a single bolus or multiple boluses of PJ on plasma variables and to characterize changes in plasma variables when individuals ingest PJ and resume exercise. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Nine euhydrated men (age = 23 ± 4 years, height = 180.9 ± 5.8 cm, mass = 80.7 ± 13.8 kg, urine specific gravity = 1.009 ± 0.005). Intervention(s): On 3 days, participants rested for 30 minutes, and then a blood sample was collected. Participants ingested 0 or 1 bolus (1 mL·kg−1 body weight) of PJ, donned sweat suits, biked vigorously for 30 minutes (approximate temperature = 37°C, relative humidity = 18%), and had a blood sample collected. They either rested for 60 seconds (0- and 1-bolus conditions) or ingested a second 1 mL·kg−1 body weight bolus of PJ (2-bolus condition). They resumed exercise for another 35 minutes. A third blood sample was collected, and they exited the environmental chamber and rested for 60 minutes (approximate temperature = 21°C, relative humidity = 18%). Blood samples were collected at 30 and 60 minutes postexercise. Main Outcome Measure(s): Plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, and changes in plasma volume. Results: The number of PJ boluses ingested did not affect plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, or changes in plasma volume over time. The plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, and plasma osmolality did not exceed 144.6 mEq·L−1 (144.6 mmol·L−1), 4.98 mEq·L−1 (4.98 mmol·L−1), and 289.5 mOsm·kg−1H2O, respectively, in any condition at any time. Conclusions: Ingesting up to 2 boluses of PJ and resuming exercise caused negligible changes in blood variables. Ingesting up to 2 boluses of PJ did not increase plasma sodium concentration or cause hyperkalemia.

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DELAYED LIGHT ACTION SPECTRA OF SEVERAL ALGAE IN VISIBLE AND ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.42.2.243 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 243-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. C. McLeod

Keyword(s):

Green Algae ◽

Red Algae ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Light Emission ◽

Incident Light ◽

Ultraviolet Region ◽

Blue Green Algae ◽

Action Spectra ◽

Light Production ◽

Carotenoid Absorption

Action spectra for delayed light production by several algae were determined from 250 to 750 mµ incident light. In the visible portion of the spectrum the action spectra resemble those reported by previous workers for photosynthesis and light emission. Blue-green algae had a maximum at 620 mµ, red algae at 550 mµ, whereas green and brown algae have action spectra corresponding to chlorophyll and carotenoid absorption. In the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum delayed light is emitted by algae down to 250 mµ incident light. The action spectra of the different algae are not alike in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. This indicates that pigments other than chlorophyll must be sensitizing or shielding the algae in the ultraviolet region.

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Ekstraksi Protein dari Rhodophyta dan Chlorophyta Dari Perairan Pulau Pari Sebagai Alternatif Antioksidant

Jurnal Jaring SainTek ◽

10.31599/jaring-saintek.v1i1.186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 24-31

Author(s):

Elvi Kustiyah ◽

Bungaran Saingin ◽

Hernowo Widodo ◽

Viriya Piti

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Protein Content ◽

Green Algae ◽

Red Algae ◽

Marine Resources ◽

Activity Test ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Lowry Method

Indonesia has millions island and big part of Indonesia is sea that is rich in marine biological resources and has the potential to be developed and optimized. One of the abundant marine resources in Indonesia is algae. Algae are plant-like protists. Algae have several important compounds, including protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and other useful elements. Proteins contained in algae have the potential to be used as antioxidants. In this study, the levels of protein in red and green algae were tested by using the lowry method and testing the antioxidant activity of red and green algae extracts using the Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Algae extraction was done by maceration, which is soaking the sample in low temperature with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) pH 7. From the extraction results it can be concluded that the red algae (Rhodophyta) has the highest protein content of 5.115 ± 0.126% and the lowest protein content in green algae (Chloropytha) as big as 1.686 ± 0.430%. And from the results of the antioxidant activity test showed that all positive algae showed antioxidant activity but the green algae (Chlorophyta) had the highest antioxidant activity of 71.5946 ± 0.01612% with IC50 value 1.6114.

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KEKAYAAN DAN POTENSI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF MAKROALGA DI PESISIR ATEP OKI, KABUPATEN MINAHASA, SULAWESI UTARA

JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS ◽

10.35800/jplt.8.3.2020.30454 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Silsia Dorkas Winowoda ◽

Marina Flora Oktavine Singkoh ◽

Ratna Siahaan

Keyword(s):

Green Algae ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Red Algae ◽

Brown Algae ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Sampling Locations

This study aims to analyze the richness and potential of macroalgae bioactive compounds on the Atep Oki Coast, District of Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted in October 2019 until January 2020. Sampling used the roaming method in a predetermined location that is Atep Oki tidal/ intertidal coast. Sampling locations are spread over six coordinate points. Macroalgae found on the Atep Oki Coast assessed ten species belonging to three phyla, namely Chlorophyta (green algae), Ochrophyta (brown algae) and Rhodophyta (red algae). Chlorophyta members mean six species. Ochrophyta has members of three species and members of Rhodophyta only one species. The types of macroalgae found on the Atep Oki Coast provide bioactive compounds. Keywords : Macroalgae, Bioactive Compounds, Atep Oki Minahasa CoastAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekayaan jenis dan potensi senyawa bioaktif makroalga di Pesisir Atep Oki, Kabupaten Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2019 sampai Januari 2020. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode jelajah di lokasi yang telah ditentukan yaitu pesisir pasang surut/intertidal Atep Oki. Lokasi pengambilan sampel tersebar di enam titik-titik koordinat. Makroalga yang ditemukan di Pesisir Atep Oki berjumlah sepuluh species yang tergolong ke dalam tiga filum yaitu Chlorophyta (alga hijau), Ochrophyta (alga cokelat) dan Rhodophyta (alga merah). Anggota Chlorophyta berjumlah enam species. Ochrophyta memiliki anggota tiga species dan anggota Rhodophyta hanya satu species. Jenis-jenis makroalga yang ditemukan di Pesisir Atep Oki berpotensi menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif. Kata kunci : Makroalga, Senyawa Bioaktif, Pesisir Atep Oki Minahasa

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ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI SARIO KECAMATAN SARIO MANADO SULAWESI UTARA

JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS ◽

10.35799/jis.16.1.2016.12324 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Gorby Corneles Tarima ◽

Jemmy Abidjulu ◽

Harry S.J. Koleangan

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Water ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Quality Standard ◽

River Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Standard ◽

Community Activities ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The City

ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI SARIO KECAMATAN SARIO MANADO SULAWESI UTARAABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kualitas air sungai Sario berdasarkan sifat fisika dan kimia sesuai dengan PP No 82 Tahun 2001. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Baristand Industri Manado pada bulan November 2015, dengan 4 sampel air yang diambil pada 4 titik dari hulu sampai hilir sungai Sario Kota Manado menggunakan 7 parameter yaitu kekeruhan, pH, nitat, nitrit, BOD, COD dan DO. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air sungai Sario yang sesuai dengan ambang baku mutu air berdasarkan PP No. 82 Tahun 2001 hanyalah pada bagian hulu sampai tengah Sungai sebelum memasuki wilayah Kota Manado, sedangkan pada sekitaran hilir sungai Sario telah tercemar yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas masyarakat dengan diindikasikan berdasarkan konsentrasi BOD, COD dan DO yang buruk dan tidak sesuai dengan ambang baku mutu air berdasarkan PP No. 82/2001. Kata kunci : Kualitas Air, Sungai Sario ANALYSIS OF RIVER WATER QUALITY SARIO DISTRICT MANADO NORTH SULAWESI ABSTRACT This study was conducted to analyze the Sario river water quality based on physical and chemical properties in accordance with PP No. 82 of 2001. The study was conducted in laboratory Baristand Industry Manado in November 2015, with four water samples taken at 4 points from upstream to downstream Sario City Manado using 7 parameters: turbidity, pH, nitat, nitrite, BOD, COD and DO. The results of this study indicate that the water quality in accordance with the Sario river water quality standard threshold under PP No. 82 of 2001 only on the upstream side to the middle of the river before entering the city of Manado, whereas the downstream Area Sario river has been polluted related community activities to be indicated by the concentration of BOD, COD and DO poor and not in accordance with the water quality standard threshold based PP No. 82 of 2001. Keywords: Water Quality, River Sario

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Effect of Leaf Extract of Senna alata on Biochemical Indices of Wistar Rats Infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review ◽

10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i130161 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10-19

Author(s):

M. A. Kugama ◽

T. Tese ◽

H. Sabo ◽

T. Andrew ◽

Y. A. Onaolapo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Brucei ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Potassium Concentration ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽

Infection Treatment ◽

Biochemical Indices ◽

Senna Alata

This study was aimed at determining the effect of leaves of Senna alata extract on biochemical indices of Wistar rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Phytochemical screening revealed the absence of steroids in all extracts, absence of saponins in chloroform extracts and the presence of free anthraquinones only in chloroform extract. Post-infection treatment of animals stirred the emergence of parasitaemia by Day 3. Only animals receiving 200 mg/kg b.wt. of chloroform extract survived by day 16. A significant (P<0.05) decrease in ALT for groups receiving methanol (400 mg/kg b.wt.), chloroform and aqueous extracts and significant (P<0.05) increase in unconjugated bilirubin in the group receiving methanol extract (200 mg/kg b.wt.) compared to infected not treated rats. Significant (P<0.05) decrease in potassium concentration in groups receiving methanol and chloroform, and a significant (P<0.05) increase in sodium concentration in the group receiving 400 mg/kg b.wt. of aqueous extract compared to the infected not treated rats. These results thereby demonstrate the ameliorative potential of Senna alata leaves against T. brucei brucei.

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Parâmetros físico-químicos de polpas de fruta produzidas na cidade de Petrolina – PE

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i4.3415 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 01 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. C. Honorato ◽

C. B. R. Dias ◽

E. B. Souza ◽

I. R. B. Carvalho ◽

K. S. M. Sousa

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Fruit Pulp ◽

Total Titratable Acidity ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The City

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos de polpas de fruta produzidas e comercializadas na cidade de Petrolina-PE, tendo como referência a Instrução Normativa nº 1, de 7 jan. 2000, do Ministério da Agricultura que define as características físicas e químicas estabelecendo limites mínimos e máximos específicos para cada polpa de fruta. Foram avaliadas duas marcas (1 e 2) de polpas de abacaxi, cacau, caju, graviola, maracujá e umbu, analisadas quanto aos parâmetros de pH, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), ácido ascórbico, relação SST/ATT e sólidos totais. Os resultados permitem inferir que a marca 2 apresentou qualidade superior na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados quando comparado com a marca 1. Entretanto para alguns sabores de polpa as duas marcas não atenderam os valores padrões. Entre as polpas o único sabor que apresentou os padrões exigidos foi a polpa de caju em ambas as marcas, e a que apresentou resultado de pior qualidade diante dos padrões foi a polpa de maracujá principalmente da marca 1. Dessa forma constata-se que há grandes variações entre as marcas, e entre alguns parâmetros, o que compromete a qualidade das polpas, prejudicando assim o consumidor.Physicochemical parameters of fruit pulps produced in Petrolina – PEAbstract: This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of fruit pulps produced and marketed in the city of Petrolina-PE, with reference to the Instruction Nº 1 of 7 January 2000 of the Ministry of Agriculture, which defines the physical and chemical characteristics setting minimum and maximum limits specific to each fruit pulp. We evaluated two brands (1 and 2) of pineapple, cocoa, cashew, soursop, passion and umbu fruit pulp, analyzed for pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), ascorbic acid, TSS / TTA and total solids parameters. Results show that the brand 2 showed superior in most evaluated parameters when compared to the brand 1. However, for some pulp flavors of both brands did not reached the standards values. Among the pulps, the only flavor that presented the required standards was the cashew pulp in both brands, and presented the results of lower quality on the standards was the passion fruit pulp mainly brand 1. Thus, it appears that there are great variations between brands and between some parameters, which compromises the quality of the pulp, thus impairing the consumer.

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