scholarly journals Impact of Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract Approach with Collaborative Lesson Research on Year Four Pupils’ Proficiency in Perimeter

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2301-2313
Author(s):  
Mohd Shafian Shafiee ◽  
Cheng Meng Chew
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Abstract Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the concrete-pictorial-abstract (CPA) approach developed based on the Collaborative Lesson Research (CLR) cycles can positively impact Year Four pupils’ proficiency in perimeter. Counterbalanced design was used with pre- and post-test in every CLR cycle. The participants involved were three groups of pupils totaling 115 pupils and a group of three teachers. The sampling used was cluster random sampling. A paired-samples t test was used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the pre- and post-test for each CLR cycle while a one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze if there is an increase in proficiency from the first, second and third CLR cycles. The results indicated that there was an increase in the mean post-test scores compared to the mean of pre-test scores and the mean difference between the first, second and third CLR cycles. In conclusion, the CLR cycle carried out helped teachers in developing better teaching plans based on the CPA approach as well as enhancing pupils’ proficiency in the perimeter.

scholarly journals Productive and Receptive Collocational Knowledge of Iranian EFL Learners at Different Proficiency Levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Talakoob ◽  
Mansour Koosha
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
T Test ◽  
Placement Test ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intermediate Learners ◽  
The Mean

In the present study, an attempt was made to probe into the probable difference between Iranian intermediate and advanced EFL learners' receptive and productive collocational knowledge. To this end, 60 EFL learners studying at Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch, including 30 advanced and 30 intermediate learners, were chosen through the Oxford Placement Test (OPT). The participants at each level of proficiency received two tests of collocations, namely receptive collocation test and productive test of collocations. Paired-samples t test showed no statistically significant difference between productive and receptive knowledge of collocations of the advanced EFL learners. However, the mean comparison between the receptive and productive collocation test scores of intermediate EFL learners revealed a significant difference. Pedagogical implications emanating from the obtained results are elaborated in the study.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF USING ENGLISH SONGS ON THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Mustakim Sagita, Ramlan, Nora Vita
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
T Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year

The objective of the study was to get the empirical data about the effect of using song on students’ speaking skill at the second year students of SMP Negeri 1 Mila, Pidie. The method of this study was quantitative method. To get the sample, researcher used random sampling as the technique. The sample of this study were class VIII.B as the experimental class and VIII.A as the control class. Both of the class were consisted of 22 students. In collecting the data, the researcher conducted pre test and post test by asking students singing songs. In the control class, the result of pre test(x1) score was 1285. The result of post test(x2) score was 1462. The gained(dx) both of pre test and post test was 182. The mean(Mx) score was 8,2. in the experimental class, the result of pre test(y1) score was 1190. The result of post test(y2) score was 1608. The gained(dy) both of pre test and post test was 418. The mean(My) score was 19. The testing of hypothesis was analyzed using t-test formula. The result ttest (t0) both of the classes was 3,14. The result of this study showed that there was significant difference on students’ speaking skill that was taught by using English song. In the table of significance, it could be seen on the significance degree or ? = 0.05 and df=42. The ttable (t095(42))=2,68. Then, by comparing the result t0 is bigger than ttable, that is 3.14 2,68. The hypothesis (Ha)  was accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. It can be concluded that the using of English song was effective in teaching speaking.Key words: Speaking, English song.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KADAR BESI DARAH SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH AKTIVITAS FISIK INTENSITAS BERAT

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunita P. Moniaga ◽  
Youla A. Assa ◽  
Stefana H. M. Kaligis
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

Abstract: Human body needs various substances to function properly; one of which is micronutrient. Iron is one of the micronutrients required by the body that is involved in several body processes including hemoglobin formation, energy metabolism, and immune system. Iron can be excreted through feces, urine, and sweat which could increase as a result of doing vigorious physical activity. This study aimed to compare blood iron level before and after vigorous intensity exercise. This was a pre-experimental study with one group pre-test post-test approach. Respondents were chosen by using simple random sampling method. The vigorous intensity exercise was playing futsal for 2 x 20 minutes and a 10-minute rest without any subtitution. The results showed that the mean of blood iron levels before vigorous intensity exercise was 83.86 ug/dL and after the exercise was 84.95 ug/dL. The analysis using paired-samples t-test showed a P value = 0.595. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between blood iron level before and after vigorous physical activity.Keywords: blood iron level, exxercise, vigorous intensityAbstrak: Tubuh manusia memerlukan berbagai macam zat untuk berfungsi, salah satunya ialah mikronutrien. Besi merupakan salah satu mikronutrien penting yang dibutuhkan tubuh untuk pembentukan hemoglobin, metabolisme energi, dan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Besi dapat diekskresikan melalui tinja, urin, dan keringat yang dapat meningkat akibat aktivitas fisik intensitas berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar besi darah sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas fisik intensitas berat. Penelitian ini bersifat pre-ekperimental dengan pendekatan one group pre-test post-test. Responden dipilih menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Aktivitas fisik intensitas berat yang dilakukan ialah olahraga futsal dengan durasi permainan 2 x 20 menit dan jeda 10 menit tanpa adanya pergantian pemain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata kadar besi darah sebelum aktivitas fisik 83,86 μg/dL dan sesudah 84,95 μg/dL. Hasil analisis menggunakan paired-samples t-test menunjukkan nilai P = 0,595. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar besi darah sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas fisik intensitas berat.Kata kunci: kadar besi darah, aktivitas fisik, intensitas berat

Assessment of the convergence angle of teeth prepared for full crown by preclinical dental students

2021 ◽  
pp. 6399-6404
Author(s):  
Amaweya Abdulrahman Al-Sammarraie ◽  
Ayyam Khalid Abdulkareem ◽  
Hadeel Rateb AlAridi ◽  
Rahel Fayez Hammad ◽  
Duaa Yousef Shehadeh
Keyword(s):  
Dental Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Ideal Convergence ◽  
Convergence Angle ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Mean Convergence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Convergence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Way Anova

The objective of this study was to measure the buccolingual and mesiodistal convergence angles of six typodont teeth (# 26, 36, 45, 15, 21, and 13), prepared by preclinical dental students at Ajman University, for porcelain fused to a metal full crown and to compare them with the recommended convergence angle (6.5°). Additionally, we sought to compare the angles recorded for the six sets of teeth and relate the results according to the tooth position and surface and to know which one shows the greater tendency of straying from the normal convergence angle. Materials and methods: The angle of convergence of one hundred ninety-eight typodont teeth preparations was measured both buccolingually and mesiodistally by using a Dino-lite pro digital microscope (AM-413ZT Taiwan) with a Dinocapture (2.0 version 1.5.27.A, AnMo Electronics Corporation). All the results were recorded, and the data were analyzed by means of a one-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean total convergence angle for this study was 11.29°± 6.66° from both surfaces, which is greater than the recommended value of 6.5° and statistically significant (p<0.000). Only 7.07% of teeth met the ideal convergence angle from both surfaces, and the one-sample test showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.057) from the recommended convergence angle, except for the mesiodistal convergence angle of the lower-right second premolar, which revealed no significant difference. The mean convergence angle for the buccolingual surface was 12.42°± 6.16°, which was higher than that of the mesiodistal surface (10.16°± 7°). One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between all selected teeth (p<0.000), and a paired samples t-test showed a significant difference within two teeth only, the lower-right second premolar and upper-right canine (p<0.000), in which the mesiodistal measurement showed a lower convergence angle than the buccolingual angle. Conclusions: Preclinical students prepared teeth with a convergence angle higher than the recommended convergence angle. However, all the recorded angles were within the range of previous studies. It was concluded that the recommended convergence angle was difficult to achieve in preclinical practice.

scholarly journals The Use of PPP Model In Enhancing the Students’ Speaking Ability

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Badaruddin Badaruddin ◽  
Sahabuddin Sahabuddin
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Speaking is the ability to pronounce words in order to convey or stated intention, ideas, thoughsts, feeling and dificult to deal with students. There are some problems as causes of the students’ difficulties in speaking, such as they are afraid of making mistake, less convidence, seldom to communicate and cannot express their ideas. To solve the problems, the researcher suggests the use of PPP Model in learning process. Based on the previous explanation, the researcher formulates the objective of the research is to find out whether or not the speaking ability of the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 9 Parepare can enhance through the Use of PPP Model In this research, the researcher applied quasi-experimental design, with two group namely experimental class and control class. The samples was chosen using cluster random sampling technique. The total numbers of sample were consisted of 55 students from two classes taken from the population of the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 9 Parepare. The instrument used in this research was speaking test by record the students’ utterance. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The result of the data analyzed shows that the students’ speaking ability improved significantly. It was showed by the mean score of pre-test was 45.33 and the post-test was 72. 83. Besides, the mean score of the students in post-test (72.83) was higher than the Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (71) in SMP Negeri 9 Parepare and include good classification base on Dirjen Pendidikan Dasar dan Menegah (2005). In the same line, the result of t-test value was 2.102 and t-table value was 2.004 in post-test. It means that the t-test value (2.102) was higher than t-table value (2.004). Those indicate that H1 was accepted and H0 was rejected. It also shows there is a significant difference between the speaking ability of the students who were taught through the Use of PPP Model and the speaking ability of the students who were thought by Discovery Learning Model (Conventional Ways).

scholarly journals THE USE OF SPONTANEOUS GROUP DISCUSSION (SGD) TO TEACH WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT: A CASE OF THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reni Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
T Test ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

This study focuses on the use of Spontaneous Group Discussion (SGD) in writing descriptive text. The objectives of the study are (1) to find out students’ writing ability in descriptive text taught without using Spontaneous Group Discussion (SGD), (2) to find out students’ writing ability taught using Spontaneous Group Discussion, (3) to find out whether there is any significant difference of students’ writing ability in descriptive text of the eighth grade students of SMP 1 Kesesi taught without using Spontaneous Group Discussion and taught using Spontaneous Group Discussion. In this study, the researcher used true experimental design by post test control and experiment group design. The eighth grade students of SMP 1 Kesesi were the population of this study. By using cluster random sampling as a technique to take sample, the researcher chose students of VIII A and VIII B as samples. VIII A in which consisted of 36 students was chosen as experiment class. While VIII B in which consisted of 37 students was chosen as control class.Essay text was the instrument for collecting data. Post test was used by the researcher to find out whether there is any significant difference of students’ writing ability in descriptive text who given treatment trough Spontaneous Group Discussion and without using spontaneous Group Discussion as treatment.Based on data analyses, the researcher found that the mean score of experiment class was higher than the mean score of control class (79, 64 > 74, 22). In addition, the independent sample t-test of both classes showed that the result of t-test value was 2,301 and t-table on significance degree (5%) was 1, 688. It shows that t-test value was higher than t-table value (2,301 > 1, 688). By the result, the researcher concludes that there was significant difference of students’ writing ability in descriptive text taught without using Spontaneous Group Discussion and taught using Spontaneous Group Discussion.Based on the result of the study, SGD can be recommended for English teacher, the students and the readers that may be useful to be used as an effective technique for teaching learning process in descriptive text. Besides using Spontaneous Group Discussion as technique in teaching English, the teacher should be more creative so that can give variation teaching especially in writing descriptive text. For the students, they should do more practice in learning writing descriptive text so that they can master writing descriptive text.

Employing Personal Reading Logs through Short Stories to Enhance Students’ L2 Reading Comprehension Achievement

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eliyas Sulaiman Mohandas ◽  
Nik Mastura Nik Ismail Azlan ◽  
Salwa Othman ◽  
Muhammad Aizat Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
P Value ◽  
L2 Reading ◽  
Reading Score ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
L2 Reading Comprehension

This study aims to investigate whether the use of six selected short stories throughout the duration of a 14-week course could enhance students’ reading comprehension achievement at the end of the semester. Out of the six short stories read, three were chosen as in-class assignments known as ‘Personal Reading Logs’ (hereafter, PRLs). One group of semester two Diploma students taking a reading skills course was selected through a convenience sampling method. A pre-test was conducted by having the students answer a past semester reading quiz of which the results would then be compared to their post-test (final reading exam) results. A paired samples t-test revealed no significant difference in the reading scores of the pre-test and the post-test, t (17) = -.265, p > .05. Since the p-value was bigger than 0.05, this indicated that the mean reading score of the post-test (M = 50.556) was not significantly higher than the mean reading score of the pre-test (M = 49.722). Therefore, the null hypothesis which stated that there was no difference in the mean score of the pre-test and post-test was retained. Overall, the result refuted the findings of other studies promoting the effectiveness of using short stories to enhance L2 reading comprehension achievement.

scholarly journals Text-based Character in Teaching Reading: Do Students Can Achieve Significant Result in Reading Test?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Hasan Hasan ◽  
Andi Sadapotto ◽  
Muhammad Hanafi ◽  
Usman Usman
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Reading Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This quasi-experimental study involves the experimental and control group which consist of 60 students in first year of SMA Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang   2019/2020 academic year.  The reading test is used to collect data to find out do the students can achieve significant result in reading test using Text-based Character. Based on the result the mean score of the experimental group pre-test was 72.67 and classified into good classification, while the control group was 69.63 classified into good. The mean score of the post-test after treatment for the experimental group was 82.43 (very good) while the control group was 76.53, (good) classification still.  The researcher found that the T-table is higher than the t-test (α) (1.659<2.021). It means that there is a significant difference in the pre-test of the control and experimental group, while in post-test of an experimental and control group, the researcher finds that the T-test is higher than the alpha and previous score in the the pre-test (α) (3.089>2.021). The degree of freedom is 58. This study reveals that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted, and the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. This is means that the use of Text-based Characters can improves students' reading skills in significant way.

scholarly journals Learning The Strategy of Reasoning Through Marzano Dimensional Mastery Learning Model Among Form Four Students for The Topic Of Differentiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Nizam Arshad ◽  
Noor Azean Atan ◽  
Abdul Halim Abdullah ◽  
Mahani Mokhtar ◽  
Mohd Salleh Abu
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
T Test ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Reasoning Skills

Reasoning skills are very important in encouraging students to think more critically and logically, as depicted in the Malaysian Education Development Plan (2013-2025). Therefore, this study looked into improving the Differentiation Reasoning Level (DRL) of reasoning skills among students for a topic in the Additional Mathematics subject,  known as Differentiation, through reasoning learning strategy. The study participants consisted of a total of 31 students from a secondary boarding school in Johor, selected through a purposive sampling method. A pre-test was carried out for the participants, from the advanced level, followed by a number of repetition tests, before the post-test assessment was conducted. The data collection for this study employed a set of Reasoning Test on Differentiation (RTD) and 10 sets of learning activities on Differentiation based on modified Marzano Rubric for Specific Task of Situations (1992). This dimension involved four types of reasoning skills, namely,  comparison, classification, inductive, and deductive. The survey data, through paired samples t-test, revealed a significant difference between the mean scores in pre-test and post-test (p <0.05). In addition, the paired sample t-test showed a significant difference on the level of reasoning among students from each construct in the reasoning skills before and after using this module. In conclusion, the Marzano Model of Dimensional Learning (1992) is a thinking skill model that can help improve students' reasoning skills. The model covers analysis aspects of what has been learned by implementing the process of identifying reasons, which will help students to add and expand their knowledge. The findings also implied that, the processes of teaching and learning play an important role in ensuring students’ capability to emphasize on the implementation process of reasoning skills

scholarly journals DAILY JOURNAL WRITING TO ENHANCE STUDENT'S WRITING SKILLS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Ester Eveline Sihite ◽  
Debora Chaterin Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Journal Writing ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aims to enhance students’ writing skills through Daily Journal writing. This research was divided into three steps: giving pre-test, giving treatment (writing daily journal), and giving posttest. The result showed significant difference between control and experimental group. Experimental participants was improved through the writing of daily journal, and the score gained by participants showed that there was a significant effect on students’ writing skills. The achievements showed that the mean difference of post-test scores between the two groups was -.45433 and for the standard error mean was .03840 with pValue .050 (see Table 3), means that Ha is accepted and Ho is not accepted. It means, writing daily journal is strong enough to improve the students’ writing skills. Keywords: Journal Writing, Writing Skills, Daily Journal Variations

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