Spatial Distribution of Picophytoplankton in Southeastern Coast of Peninsular Malaysia Using Flow Cytometry

The distribution of picocyanobacteria from two genera, Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, and picoeukaryotes in surface water (0.5 m) was investigated by flow cytometry in the southeastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia during the Southwest monsoon in August 2014. During the cruise, Synechococcus cells were predominant throughout the study area, contributing as much as 50% to the total picophytoplankton population, whereas picoeukaryotes and Prochlorococcus constituted only 31% and 19% of the population, respectively. Spatially, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes were more dominant in coastal waters, while Prochlorococcus appeared to be more highly abundant in offshore waters. Furthermore, the percentage contribution of each population to total picophytoplankton also exhibited different spatial distribution patterns along a coastal-offshore gradient. The percentage contribution of Synechococcus was spatially constant throughout the study area, while the fraction contributed by picoeukaryotes showed a reduced contribution from coastal to offshore waters. In contrast, Prochlorococcus exhibited an increased proportion to total picophytoplankton across a coastal-offshore gradient, suggesting the increasing importance of this population in offshore waters of the study area. As revealed by Canonical Correlation Analysis, the abundance of Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes increased significantly with reducing dissolved oxygen levels and pH, and with increasing total chlorophyll. In contrast, temperature was the only factor influencing the abundance of Prochlorococcus significantly increased with decreasing water temperature in the study area. Overall, results of the present study provide valuable information on the role of regional environmental factors in the distribution and dominance of picophytoplankton communities that are not only critical for the ocean productivity but also the impact on the carbon cycle in the study area.

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The impact of highways on population redistribution: the role of land development restrictions

Journal of Economic Geography ◽

10.1093/jeg/lbz003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 783-808 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Or Levkovich ◽

Jan Rouwendal ◽

Jos van Ommeren

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Population Growth ◽

Land Development ◽

Apparent Effect ◽

Population Redistribution ◽

Interaction Variables ◽

Peripheral Areas ◽

The Impact

Abstract We study the role of land development restrictions for the effects of highway expansion on the spatial distribution of population for the Netherlands. Introducing an IV approach to address multiple endogenous interaction variables, our findings show that new highways accelerated population growth in peripheral areas, but had no apparent effect in suburban municipalities, in line with the presence of development restrictions. Highway expansions caused a ‘leapfrog’ pattern in which suburban growth skipped development-restricted areas and expanded into farther located peripheral areas.

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The role of root buds in the regeneration of Casearia sylvestris Swartz (Salicaceae) in the cerrado, São Carlos, São Paulo state, Brazil

Hoehnea ◽

10.1590/s2236-89062014000300003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 345-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maristela Imatomi ◽

João Paulo Souza ◽

Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri ◽

Alfredo Gui Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Fire Effects ◽

Size Class ◽

Paulo State ◽

Casearia Sylvestris ◽

Underground System ◽

Burnt Areas ◽

Root Buds

The present work describes the fire effects on the population structure of Casearia sylvestris Swartz (Salicaceae). Diameter and height structure as well as spatial distribution patterns of the root sprouts were analyzed pre- and post-fire. The morphology and anatomy of the underground system were also analyzed in order to investigate the nature and origin of sprouts from this system. In this study, a 10-ha of Cerrado area was sampled from February to November 2006; in August, a fire burned roughly 80% of the study area, allowing us to compare the data collected pre- and post-fire. Our findings show that the underground systems consisted of specialized roots and buds originated close to the vascular cambium. The spatial distribution of the root sprouts became clustered pre- and post-fire and most of the root sprouts were concentrated in the first size class, indicating that the sprouts from roots play an important role in the recovery of this species in burnt areas.

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12 A FUNCTIONAL TL1A/DR3 SYSTEM IS CRUCIAL FOR OPTIMAL GENERATION OF PATHOGENIC TH9 CELLS IN MURINE CROHN’S DISEASE-LIKE ILEITIS

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

10.1093/ibd/zaa010.081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S32-S33

Author(s):

Ludovica Buttò ◽

Paola Menghini ◽

Natalia Aladyshkina ◽

Kristine-Ann Buela ◽

Carlo De Salvo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Th9 Cells ◽

The Impact ◽

Th9 Cell

Abstract Background Despite numerous therapeutic advancements, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a major health burden due to the inefficiency of conventional therapies. We recently demonstrated the role of death receptor 3 (DR3), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily and receptor for the cytokine TL1A, in regulating the balance between effector [T helper type 1 (TH)1,TH2,TH17] and regulatory T cells during murine Crohn’s disease (CD)-like ileitis. New evidence suggests a potential role of IL-9-secreting TH9 cells in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, the role of the TL1A/DR3 system in the differentiation and function of TH9 cells in CD is not fully understood. Thus, here, we investigated the role of a functional DR3 receptor in disease progression and activation of downstream signaling pathways relevant to TH9 cell differentiation and pathogenicity. Methods Ileal tissues were collected from 20-wk SAMP/YitFc (SAMP,WT) and DR3×SAMP (KO) mice, and analyzed by H&E, RT-qPCR and ELISA. CD4+ cells were purified by MACS sorting from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and spleens of WT and KO mice. TH9 cell were generated in medium supplemented with IL-4, TGF-β and TL1A. TH9 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and cell supernatants by ELISA. TH9 cells (5x105) were adoptively transferred by i.p. injection into Rag2-/- mice, which were euthanized after 6-weeks. Colons were analyzed by H&E and MLNs were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Results Lack of DR3 ameliorated ileitis in SAMP (histologic score:5.2±1.3vs17.2±3.1, P≤0.0001, n=6), reduced of ∼ 50% the expression of Baft3, PU.1, il-9 mRNAs and IL-9 protein (P≤0.003, n=12), and 3-fold increased Id3 mRNA (P<0.0007,n=12) in small intestinal tissues. CD4+-enriched TH9 cells from KO mice secreted 2-fold lower IL-9 and TNF (P≤0.0002,n=8), and 5-fold higher IL-10 protein level (P<0.0001, n=8) than those from WT mice. Using the Rag2-/- T-cell transfer model of chronic colitis, we found that recipients of TH9 cells from KO donors developed less severe colitis (histologic score: 0.9±0.1vs3.9±0.8, P=0.005, n=5) and retained only half of the frequency of circulating TH9 cells in MLNs (P≤0.02,n=5) compared to those receiving WT TH9 cells, at 6-week after adoptive transfer. A similar experiment is currently ongoing to verify the impact of WT and KO TH9 cells on ileo-colitis development in SAMP×Rag2-/- mice. Conclusions The TL1A/DR3 system heavily contributes to IL-9-signaling pathway activation and it is required for the secretion of higher amount of IL-9 protein by TH9 cells in SAMP mice. KO TH9 cells were less colitogenic that those isolated from WT mice, indicating a crucial role of functional DR3 receptor in TH9 pathogenicity. Collectively, our results hold great translational significance by showing that modulation of DR3 signaling may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of CD.

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Monsoonal Precipitation Over Peninsular Malaysia in the CMIP6 Highresmip Experiments: The Role of Model Resolution

10.21203/rs.3.rs-741632/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ju Liang ◽

Mou Leong Tan ◽

Matthew Hawcroft ◽

Jennifer L. Catto ◽

Kevin I. Hodges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extreme Precipitation ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Southwest Monsoon ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Vertical Resolution ◽

Model Simulations ◽

Extreme Precipitation Events ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Model Ensembles ◽

The Impact

Abstract This study investigates the ability of 20 model simulations which contributed to the CMIP6 HighResMIP to simulate precipitation in different monsoon seasons and extreme precipitation events over Peninsular Malaysia. The model experiments utilize common forcing but are run with different horizontal and vertical resolutions. The impact of resolution on the models’ abilities to simulate precipitation and associated environmental fields is assessed by comparing multi-model ensembles at different resolutions with three observed precipitation datasets and four climate reanalyses. Model simulations with relatively high horizontal and vertical resolution exhibit better performance in simulating the annual cycle of precipitation and extreme precipitation over Peninsular Malaysia and the coastal regions. Improvements associated with the increase in horizontal and vertical resolutions are also found in the statistical relationship between precipitation and monsoon intensity in different seasons. However, the increase in vertical resolution can lead to a reduction of annual mean precipitation compared to that from the models with low vertical resolutions, associated with an overestimation of moisture divergence and underestimation of lower-tropospheric vertical ascent in the different monsoon seasons. This limits any improvement in the simulation of precipitation in the high vertical resolution experiments, particularly for the Southwest monsoon season.

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Mixed Variational-Monte Carlo Assimilation of Streamflow Data in Flood Forecasting: the Impact of Observations Spatial Distribution

10.29007/39wq ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Giulia Ercolani ◽

Fabio Castelli

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

River Basin ◽

Flood Forecasting ◽

Hydrologic Model ◽

Variational Monte Carlo ◽

Distributed Hydrologic Model ◽

Streamflow Data ◽

The Impact

A mixed variational-Monte Carlo scheme is employed to assimilate streamflow data at multiple locations in a distributed hydrologic model for flood forecasting purposes. The goal of this work is to assess the role of the spatial distribution of the assimilation points in terms of forecasts accuracy. The area of study is Arno river basin, and the strategy of investigation is to focus on one single nearly-flood event, performing various assimilation experiments that differ only in number and location of the assimilation sites.

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Role of mycorrhizal associations in tree spatial distribution patterns based on size class in an old-growth forest

Oecologia ◽

10.1007/s00442-019-04376-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 189 (4) ◽

pp. 971-980 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

T. Sasaki ◽

M. Konno ◽

Y. Hasegawa ◽

A. Imaji ◽

M. Terabaru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Size Class ◽

Old Growth ◽

Spatial Distribution Patterns ◽

Old Growth Forest ◽

Mycorrhizal Associations

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Non-traditional Oils: Analysis of Regional Distribution and Reserves of Heavy Oil and Natural Bitumen

Bulletin of Science and Practice ◽

10.33619/2414-2948/56/23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 226-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Yarboboev ◽

Sh. Sultanov ◽

F. Aminov ◽

D. Navotova

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Heavy Oil ◽

Regional Distribution ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Natural Bitumen ◽

Heavy Oils

The spatial distribution of heavy oils and natural bitumen’s depending on their reserves is analyzed. It is shown that due to the deterioration of the structure of the reserve in the direction of increasing the share of hard-to-recover oils, the role of heavy oils and natural bitumen’s in the overall hydrocarbon balance increases. Analysis of reserves showed that most of their world reserves are concentrated in Canada, Venezuela, and Russia. The results of studies of the distribution patterns of heavy oils and natural bitumen’s can be used in improving methods of field search and in solving other problems of the oil industry.

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The Tumor Microenvironment Measured by Flow Cytometry Predicts Overall Survival (OS) and Transformation Risk (TR) in Follicular Lymphoma.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v108.11.2406.2406 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 108 (11) ◽

pp. 2406-2406 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pedro Farinha ◽

John Han ◽

Abdulwahab Al-Tourah ◽

Joseph M. Connors ◽

Diponkar Banerjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

T Cells ◽

B Cells ◽

Follicular Lymphoma ◽

Light Chain ◽

Clinical Event ◽

Light Chains ◽

Biological Variables ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: FL is an indolent but heterogeneous lymphoid neoplasm with a variable clinical course. Transformation into an aggressive lymphoma is a dominant clinical event that is frequently followed by shorter survival. There is no consistent biological prognostic marker for TR. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the microenvironment in helping to determine the prognosis of FL. However, its impact on TR is largely unknown. In this study we used diagnostic flow cytometry (FC) analysis to assess the role of non-malignant cells in determining OS and TR in FL. Methods: We identified 567 patients with FL diagnosed at the BCCA over a 5-year period between 1997 and 2001. Of these, 270 cases had diagnostic FC and histological review, of which 137 were nodal and had complete clinical data in our electronic database. FC results were re-analyzed. The antibodies studied included anti-CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD10, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD45, FMC-7 and IG kappa and lambda light chains. To ensure that biopsies were representative, the sum of the % gated events for CD3 and CD20 had to equal 100% +/− 20%. Light chain restriction was present in all cases and established clonality. The estimate of neoplastic B cells was determined by examining CD19 and CD20 frequency and the ratio of clonal light chain vs non-clonal light chain. Non-neoplastic B cells were estimated using CD19/20 and the amount of non-clonal light chain × 0.5 (λ clonal) or × 2 (κ clonal). Clinical characteristics, different subsets of T cells and the cell content of reactive, non-neoplastic B cells were evaluated using SPSS® software. Results: The median age of the 137 patients was 57 years, 51.8% were male and 38.6% had a high IPI (4/5). There were 97 grade 1, 27 grade 2 and 13 grade 3a FL. The median ratio of CD4/CD8 was 4.4. Patients were given a variety of treatments, including observation if asymptomatic, precluding an analysis of progression-free survival. The median follow-up of the living patients was 5.8 years and the estimated 5-year OS and TR were 70% and 20%, respectively. The IPI was predictive of OS (p<0.0001). Two biological variables showed a significant impact on survival. Firstly, cases in which CD8+ cells represented more than 25% of the total (CD3+) T cells had shorter OS (p = 0.028) and increased TR (p = 0.013). The CD8 ratio (p = 0.026) affected OS independently of IPI (p = 0.046). Secondly, cases with a low content of reactive, non-neoplastic B cells, defined by the ratio between IG light chains >1/15 had shorter OS (p = 0.003) and increased TR (p=0.002). The impact of a reduction in normal reactive B cells (p = 0.014) on transformation risk was independent of the IPI (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Two features of the FL microenvironment studied by diagnostic FC demonstrated an impact on prognosis. The proportion of CD8+ T cells relative to the total T cells and the number of residual, non-neoplastic B cells were both predictors of OS. Importantly, both predict, independently of the IPI, the risk of transformation. These biomarkers are easily measured and may be used to better stratify patients, choose initial treatment options and predict transformation risk in patients with FL. Microenvironment & Transformation Risk in Follicular Lymphoma Microenvironment & Transformation Risk in Follicular Lymphoma

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The impact of spatial distribution patterns of tumor foci on biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.130 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽

pp. 130-130

Author(s):

Okyaz Eminaga ◽

Reemt Hinkelammert ◽

Axel Semjonow

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Decision Tree ◽

Biochemical Recurrence ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Similar Distribution ◽

Decision Tree Analysis ◽

Tree Analysis ◽

Spatial Distribution Patterns ◽

The Impact

130 Background: The influence of spatial distribution patterns of organ-confined Prostate Cancer (PCa) on the biochemical recurrence (BCR) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a study investigating the association between distribution patterns and BCR-free rate in organ-confined PCa. Methods: The anatomical distribution of PCa in 743 men with pT1-pT3N0 and without neoadjuvant therapy was analyzed to determine 20 groups with similar distribution patterns of PCa. Then, 245 men with pT2N0R0 were considered for prognostic evaluation. Spatial distribution patterns of PCa were evaluated using a cMDX-based map model of the prostate. A comparison analysis including 552,049 compare operations was performed to assist the similarity levels of the distribution patterns. K-mean cluster analysis was applied to determine 20 groups with similar distribution patterns. A decision tree-Analysis was performed to divide these groups according to BCR. BCR-free survival was compared. Predictors of progression were investigated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: BCR was occurred in 8.2% men with pT2N0R0 PCa. In decision tree analysis, certain PCa distribution patterns revealed no BCR at a median follow-up of 60 mo. (IQR: 42.3-77.0) In univariate and multivariate analysis, the prostate volume, the distribution patterns were an independent predictor for BCR in univariate and multivariate, whereas tumor stage, Gleason score, PSA, relative tumor volume were not. When patients with pT2R0 were stratified according to PCa distribution patterns, the presence of BCR-negative PCa distribution patterns was significantly associated with no risk of BCR by comparison to BCR-associated PCa distribution patterns (P=0.001). Conclusions: PCa distribution patterns provide a prognostic value for BCR. Distribution patterns of PCa can be applied to create more meaningfully predictive pathological T2 sub-divisions than current pT2 prostate cancer sub-stages.

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Interpreting mountain treelines in a changing world

10.53055/icimod.787 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Surendra P. Singh ◽

Ripu Daman Singh ◽

Surabhi Gumber

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Relations ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Lapse Rate ◽

Temperature Lapse Rate ◽

Tree Phenology ◽

Research Organizations ◽

Spatial Dimensions ◽

The Impact

Though the highest treelines of the northern hemisphere occur in the Himalaya, the terms treeline and timberline have until very recently been missing from the literature on this region. This book, largely based on research in the Indian Himalaya, attempts to fill the gap on Himalayan treelines. It covers ecology, tree water relations, temperature lapse rate, dendrochronology, tree phenology, distribution patterns, and spatial dimensions of climate warming over the decades. The project, led by the Central Himalayan Environment Association (CHEA) involved 6 research organizations, 11 investigators, and 20 research scholars. Treeline research is providing new and valuable insights into how biota respond to climate change, the relationship between tree-ring growth and climate change in various seasons, the role of growth in relation to stress, seasonal variation in temperature lapse rate and the impact of elevation dependent warming, tree water relations and water conduits in trees, effects of early snow melt, endemism, and future changes.

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