scholarly journals Social Conflict in Rural Regions and Firm Ownership: Evidence from the Mining Sector in Latin America

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alberto Chong ◽  
Paul Alexander Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mining Projects

Using firm-level data for five countries in Latin America we find a negative and statistically significant link between social conflict in rural areas and ownership of mines. This result suggests that the social conflict around mining projects can affect strategic firm behavior intended to diversify risk in the face of social, political and financial pressures. It constitutes evidence that the costs of social conflict can be considered a serious challenge for firms and diverges from the literature which has generally viewed these costs as relatively unimportant to investment decisions. We apply broad sensitivity tests and find that this is robust. Our results also hold to a formal test of changes in specification.

scholarly journals Social Conflict in Rural Regions and Firm Ownership: Evidence from the Mining Sector in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alberto Chong ◽  
Paul Alexander Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mining Projects

Using firm-level data for five countries in Latin America we find a negative and statistically significant link between social conflict in rural areas and ownership of mines. This result suggests that the social conflict around mining projects can affect strategic firm behavior intended to diversify risk in the face of social, political and financial pressures. It constitutes evidence that the costs of social conflict can be considered a serious challenge for firms and diverges from the literature which has generally viewed these costs as relatively unimportant to investment decisions. We apply broad sensitivity tests and find that this is robust. Our results also hold to a formal test of changes in specification.

Mexican Immigrant Students in Southern Wisconsin: Creating Dialogue Between Parents and Schools

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Margy McClain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Immigrant ◽  
Cultural And Linguistic Diversity ◽  
The Face

Current immigration to the U. S. consists mostly of individuals from Latin America, Asia, and Africa, and brings new kinds of cultural and linguistic diversity to the U. S. The demographic transformation of the United States is already visible in such states as California, which has become a "majority minority" state. This "new immigration" is changing the face of the U. S. in new ways as well, not only in established urban "first ports of entry," but also in smaller towns and semi-rural areas throughout the country.

scholarly journals Innovation in Uruguay: New Perspectives on Public Policies and Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivonaldo Leite
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Social Authority ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
General Perspective

This paper aims to present a general perspective of the actions developed by the Uruguayan Broad Front, which has been defined as an example of reformed left in Latin America. The Broad Front has governed Uruguay since 2005 and has implemented several alternative and innovative policies. Methodologically, the paper is empirically supported by data and information derived of interviews conducted in Montevideo, as well of the analysis of official documents.  Among the results found out, it can be highlighting the following sample: 1) innovative programmes focused on most disadvantaged young children and their families like Uruguay Crece Contigo [Uruguay grows with you] have been successfully put in place and scaled up; 2) the institution of the Salary Councils (tripartite councils made up of government representatives, businesses and workers) stimulated the formalization of work and the rise in salaries, as well as the strengthening  of unions; 3) the creation of the Ministry of Social Development (MIDES) as a new centralized social authority, which shares jurisdiction with the Social Security Bank (BPS) and the Ministry of Health; 4) in the face of the failure of the so-called drug war, the regulation of the cannabis market was approved during the term of President José Mujica. Conclusively, it’s affirmed, for instance, that the Broad Front perspectives and the policies it has implemented in Uruguay have instituted a new conception of the left in Latin America.

Internal Migration in Brazil

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Estanislau Fischlowitz ◽  
Madeline H. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Rapid Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
Process Of Urbanization

The significance of internal migration for social change is a sociological theme highly debated in Latin America today. The article that follows briefly examines internal migration in Brazil. These migrations are not new, but they are increasing at the present because of a rapid process of urbanization. The author analyzes inter-regional, inter-State and intra-State population movements and assesses the causes underlying them: droughts and inundations, latifundia and limited opportunities in rural areas. He concludes by pointing out the social and economic consequences of internal migrations and the Government's reaction to them.

Identifying the Peri-Urbanized Rural Areas in China: Estimation Based on Firm-level Data of the First and Second National Economic Censuses

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650023
Author(s):  
Yuhong LI
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Level Data ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
The Village

Peri-urbanized rural areas are villages in which the non-agricultural population and industries are concentrated to a certain extent but rural administration is still practiced. It is an important factor affecting the quality of China's urbanization. On the basis of clarifying the characteristics and formation mechanism of peri-urbanized areas, the paper develops a method of identifying the peri-urbanized rural areas in China that is, the number of industrial employees in the village is not less than 900 and the grass-roots organization is the village committee. It makes an estimation of the peri-urbanization rate with the firm-level data of the first and second National Economic Censuses, and finds that the distribution of industrial employment at village level in China is “scattered” and “fat tailed”. While most of the industrial enterprises in rural areas are scattered, peri-urbanized rural areas centralize more than half of the industrial employees; China's peri-urbanization level is relatively high with a growing and deepening tendency, and it is closely related to the economic development.

Calling the cavalry: firm-level investment in the face of decentralized expropriation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Marques ◽  
Irina Levina ◽  
Anton Kazun ◽  
Andrei Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Central State ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Business Association ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Face ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Using Data

AbstractWhat characteristics of firms give them the confidence to invest in settings rife with expropriation by local officials? Empirically, firms in the developing world often face the threat of expropriation from local agents of the state rather than a centralized autocrat. Because policing local officials is costly, the state cannot easily credibly commit to doing so. This has negative consequences for investment. We argue that one solution is to allow firms to approach the state directly to ask for intervention. Not all firms are equally able to successfully get the attention of the state, however, so this mechanism only works for some. We develop an argument about the firm-level characteristics – large-scale employment, political connections, foreign ownership, and business association membership – that should make the central state more attentive to calls for help. Because firm with these characteristics are more likely to secure intervention against predatory bureaucrats, the latter are less likely to try to expropriate them. These firms' investment decisions should be less sensitive to local expropriation than other firms. We test this argument using data on cases of decentralized expropriation across Russia's regions and firm-level data from a cross-regional, large scale survey of Russian firms.

scholarly journals Telehealth in Latin America: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in the Face of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Pierce ◽  
Dirk Schroeder ◽  
Robb Suchecki
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Face

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use and importance of telehealth and telemedicine globally. In industrialized countries, stay-at-home measures and changes to government regulations regarding telehealth resulted in an over 100-fold increase in demand within weeks. The COVID-19 has raged across Latin America for most of 2020, with associated high rates of illness and death. The objective of this article is to review some of the successes and challenges of telehealth in Latin America and highlight opportunities for action within the context of COVID-19. We identify several positive trends in telehealth adoption across the region as well as some promising case studies on the use of telehealth platforms for delivering care when needed. We also identify barriers that have limited the scale of telehealth in Latin America during the current phase of the pandemic. Limiting factors include inadequacies in long-term evolution telecommunication availability and access to digital trainings for healthcare workers. In addition, political commitment, legislation, and regulation have yet to catch up with demand. Finally, we present opportunities to more effectively scale these technologies, across Latin America for the current emergency, as well as reducing or controlling healthcare costs, addressing health disparities, and providing improved health care, especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals Development Prospect of Agro-Tourism and Positive Effects of Tourism Activities in Rural Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 09001
Author(s):  
Galina Bakhmatova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Health Resort ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The Unemployed

The spread of technology and innovation in agriculture leads to the emergence of the unemployed. This circumstance leads to the development of non-agricultural activities. Tourism activity in rural areas is a prospective direction. Agro-tourism has an impact on the development of the region and leads to the recovery of traditions, an increase in cultural level and an increase in income. Domestic tourism, including agro-tourism, is in demand in Russia, that is confirmed by statistical data. The wide development of agro-tourism makes it possible to study and classify, to identify the main directions of development. The Rostov region has a great tourist potential, both in the health resort and cultural sphere. However, there are difficulties in developing tourism in rural areas, due to the legal insecurity of investors and producers. Despite the difficulties, agrotourism increases the economic potential of the region and has positive effects. Besides, Agrotourism is a real opportunity to restore and maintain the welfare of rural areas, as well as the solution of extremely acute social problems that need to be addressed primarily, in particular, the problems of rural employment, health, education, and leisure. Solving these problems through the development of agro-tourism will promote to the social stability of rural regions.

scholarly journals Use of the local energy resource in the El Carmen canton of the Manabí province

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Vázquez Pérez ◽  
Jorge Líder Macias Ramos ◽  
María Rodríguez Gámez ◽  
Beatriz Irene Caballero Giler ◽  
Cesar Ivan Palma Villavicencio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

The supply of energy to the entire Ecuadorian population constitutes a great challenge for the country, especially in rural areas where it is more difficult and expensive to extend the lines of the electricity system and where, despite efforts, the required quality of service is not achieved. presenting a negative impact on meeting the needs and socioeconomic development of rural regions. The objective of the research is to study the hydraulic potential of the De Oro River, for which 12 communities were visualized that are close to the riverbed and where technologies capable of taking advantage of the small existing potential in terms of improving quality could be used. electricity service, save natural resources and contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Data series are presented in tables that allow to analyze the result of the study of the hydraulic potential in 12 river sites and its possible link in terms of benefiting the social element that resides near these points, the field study was implemented as a methodology.

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