Change of temperature regime in different climatic zones of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Л.А. Кешева ◽  
◽  
Н.В. Теунова ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Mountainous Region ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Air Circulation

Currently, much attention is paid to the study of climate change. The climate of Kabardino- Balkaria is formed under the influence of the following main climate-forming factors: latitude, terrain, direction of prevailing winds, underlying surface. The mountainous relief causes high-altitude climate zoning, which is especially pronounced in the high-mountainous region of the Central Caucasus. The general change in air temperature and humidity with height is superimposed by a change in air circulation in the high layers of the atmosphere. In the mountains, from an altitude of about 2000 m, the leading role belongs to the western air transport. This paper presents the results of a study based on instrumental observation data at 3 m / stations located in different climatic zones of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

scholarly journals Recent trends of snow avalanche regime in the Central Caucasus (Elbrus region as an example)

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
A. D. Oleinikov ◽  
N. A. Volodicheva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Destructive Potential

The climate change during cold seasons of 1995–2017 in the Central Caucasus is estimated, and its influence on the avalanche regime is shown. Data on the avalanche releases in the Central Caucasus for the period 1968– 2017 together with observations of high-altitude meteorological stations were used for the analysis. The paper presents estimates of snowiness of the winters and their frequency of occurrence in the area under investigation. The winter snowiness was noted to decrease since the beginning of the 2000s. The last decade of the period was not snowy, especially its series of six winters having very small amounts of snow. It is shown that in the second half of the XX century the heaviest snowfalls took place mostly in Januaries, and they were followed by releases of avalanches with the volumes exceeding 1 million cubic metres. In the early 2000‑ies, intensive January snowfalls were observed later, i.e. during the winter-spring period. In the warmer months March and April, the destructive potential of avalanches was noticeably smaller. In the present time, the warming and decrease of winter snowiness resulted in significant diminution of the avalanche hazard in the region. At the same time, on the background of general warming the certain increase in inter-seasonal variability of air temperature was noted. These changes may be compared to the warming of 1910–1945 when during its warmest phase the Europe suffered with one of the harshest winters in 1941/42. The swing of the «temperature pendulum» indicates that a harsh winter with heavy snowfalls and avalanches with catastrophic consequences may occur on the background of winters with mild and moderate avalanche danger. This is one of probable scenarios in the development of avalanche activity in the Greater Caucasus in the context of the current climate change.

scholarly journals Radiation-and-temperature resources of the steppe zone in Ukraine under the climate change conditions in the period of up to 2050

2017 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
А. N. Polevoy ◽  
O. V. Shabliy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Air Temperatures

Indices of the radiation-and-temperature regime in the Steppe zone of Ukraine in the period of 1986 through 2005, as compared to the expected changes in these indices, calculated in accordance with the two climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, for the period of up to 2050, are under consideration in the paper. RCP4.5 is a scenario of stabilization of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, while RCP8.5 is the one of very high greenhouse gas emissions. To characterize the radiation and thermal resources in the Steppe zone of Ukraine in the period of 1986 through 2005 (the basic period), and the change in the period of 2021 through 2050 calculations of average long-term values for the first group of environmental factors were performed: the duration of daytime, the total daily solar radiation, the intensity of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the accumulated PAR, the radiation balance of the vegetation cover, and the temperature regime. The following principal agro-climatic characteristics of the temperature regime were considered: dates of stable rise of the air temperature above 0, 5, 10, 15 °C in spring and autumn, duration of the period with air temperatures above 0, 5, 10, 15 °C, the accumulated positive air temperatures for the period with air temperatures above 0, 5, 10, 15 °C, the average air temperature in January and July, and the amplitude. It is pointed out that in the period of up to 2050, according to the calculations in both scenarios, increased indices of the radiation-and-temperature regime will be observed. The values of the radiation regime parameters will predominantly increase in late summer and early autumn. As a result of the inflow of increased accumulated solar radiation, the accumulated temperatures in the period with air temperatures above 5 °C will also rise. The expected increase in the accumulated temperatures will nevertheless not exceed 200 °C. A rise in the total temperature will contribute to better heat supply for the crops.

scholarly journals Numerical study on the response of the largest lake in China to climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 2093-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Su ◽  
Xiuqing Hu ◽  
Lijuan Wen ◽  
Shihua Lyu ◽  
Xiaoqing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Lake Surface

Abstract. Lakes are sensitive indicators of climate change. There are thousands of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), and more than 1200 of them have an area larger than 1 km2; they respond quickly to climate change, but few observation data of lakes are available. Therefore, the thermal condition of the plateau lakes under the background of climate warming remains poorly understood. In this study, the China regional surface meteorological feature dataset developed by the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ITPCAS), MODIS lake surface temperature (LST) data and buoy observation data were used to evaluate the performance of lake model FLake, extended by simple parameterizations of the salinity effect, for brackish lake and to reveal the response of thermal conditions, radiation and heat balance of Qinghai Lake to the recent climate change. The results demonstrated that the FLake has good ability in capturing the seasonal variations in the lake surface temperature and the internal thermal structure of Qinghai Lake. The simulated lake surface temperature showed an increasing trend from 1979 to 2012, positively correlated with the air temperature and the downward longwave radiation while negatively correlated with the wind speed and downward shortwave radiation. The simulated internal thermodynamic structure revealed that Qinghai Lake is a dimictic lake with two overturn periods occurring in late spring and late autumn. The surface and mean water temperatures of the lake significantly increased from 1979 to 2012, while the bottom temperatures showed no significant trend, even decreasing slightly from 1989 to 2012. The warming was the strongest in winter for both the lake surface and air temperature. With the warming of the climate, the later ice-on and earlier ice-off trend was simulated in the lake, significantly influencing the interannual and seasonal variability in radiation and heat flux. The annual average net shortwave radiation and latent heat flux (LH) both increase obviously while the net longwave radiation and sensible heat flux (SH) decrease slightly. Earlier ice-off leads to more energy absorption mainly in the form of shortwave radiation during the thawing period, and later ice-on leads to more energy release in the form of longwave radiation, SH and LH during the ice formation period. Meanwhile, the lake–air temperature difference increased in both periods due to shortening ice duration.

INFLUENCE OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF HYDROTHERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIMATE ON THE AGROSPHERE OF THE RIVNE REGION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Romaniv ◽  
◽  
Oleksander Bilyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Climate Maps ◽  
Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient

The research phase covers a ten-year period (2008-2017). Spatial-temporal changes of climatic indicators of Rivne region in the studied period were revealed. The comparison of the main hydrothermal indicators with the generally accepted climatic norm was carried out. The article describes the temperature regime and weather phenomena related to air temperature. The regime of humidification of the territory of Rivne region was considered. The average level of snow cover and its presence by months was studied. Climate maps of the region have been compiled. Agroclimatic characteristics of the region by Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient were studied. An analysis of the potential impact of climate change on the cultivation of crops in Rivne region was conducted.

scholarly journals Numerical study on the response of the largest lake in China to climate change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Su ◽  
Xiuqing Hu ◽  
Lijuan Wen ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Zhaoguo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Lake Surface ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Downward Longwave Radiation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Lakes are sensitive indicators of climate change. There are thousands of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), more than 1200 of them having an area larger than 1 km2, but few observation data of lakes are available. Therefore, the thermal condition of the plateau lakes under the background of climate warming remain poorly understood. In this study, the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset developed by Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ITPCAS), MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) data and buoy observation data were used to reveal the response of thermal conditions of Qinghai Lake to the recent climate change and to analyze the applicability of Freshwater Lake Model (FLake) to Qinghai Lake. Despite some deviations caused by model simplifications and uncertain forcing data, FLake demonstrated a good ability in capturing the seasonal variations of the lake surface temperature and the internal thermal structure of Qinghai Lake. The simulated lake surface temperature demonstrated a positive trend from 1979 to 2012, positively correlated with the air temperature and the downward longwave radiation, while negatively correlated with the wind speed and with the solar radiation but failing to pass the significance test. The simulated internal thermodynamic structure revealed that, if the impact of salinity is not considered, the Qinghai Lake is a dimictic lake with two overturn periods occurring in late spring and late autumn respectively. The surface and mean water temperatures significantly increased from 1979 to 2012, while the bottom temperatures showed no significant trend, even decreasing slightly from 1989 to 2012. The warming was the strongest in winter for both LST and air temperature. With the warming of the climate, the earlier ice break-up and later ice-on were simulated, having a strong effect on lake-air temperature differences in January and May.

scholarly journals MAPPING OF THE LAND COVER SPATIOTEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS IN NORTHERN RUSSIA CAUSED BY CLIMATE CHANGE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Panidi ◽  
V. Tsepelev ◽  
N. Torlopova ◽  
A. Bobkov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Vegetation Productivity ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Northern Russia

The study is devoted to the investigation of regional climate change in Northern Russia. Due to sparseness of the meteorological observation network in northern regions, we investigate the application capabilities of remotely sensed vegetation cover as indicator of climate change at the regional scale. In previous studies, we identified statistically significant relationship between the increase of surface air temperature and increase of the shrub vegetation productivity. We verified this relationship using ground observation data collected at the meteorological stations and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data produced from Terra/MODIS satellite imagery. Additionally, we designed the technique of growing seasons separation for detailed investigation of the land cover (shrub cover) dynamics. Growing seasons are the periods when the temperature exceeds +5°C and +10°C. These periods determine the vegetation productivity conditions (i.e., conditions that allow growth of the phytomass). We have discovered that the trend signs for the surface air temperature and NDVI coincide on planes and river floodplains. <br><br> On the current stage of the study, we are working on the automated mapping technique, which allows to estimate the direction and magnitude of the climate change in Northern Russia. This technique will make it possible to extrapolate identified relationship between land cover and climate onto territories with sparse network of meteorological stations. We have produced the gridded maps of NDVI and NDWI for the test area in European part of Northern Russia covered with the shrub vegetation. Basing on these maps, we may determine the frames of growing seasons for each grid cell. It will help us to obtain gridded maps of the NDVI linear trend for growing seasons on cell-by-cell basis. The trend maps can be used as indicative maps for estimation of the climate change on the studied areas.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impacts of Climate Change on Climatic Zones over the Korean Peninsula

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Jin Jeung ◽  
Jang Hyun Sung ◽  
Byung Sik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
The Impact

In assessing the impact of climate change, the use of a multimodel ensemble (MME) is required to quantify uncertainties between scenarios and produce downscaled outlines for the simulation of climate under the influence of different factors including topography. This study of climate change scenarios from 13 global climate models (GCMs) assesses the impacts of future climate change. Unlike South Korea, North Korea lacks studies using climate change scenarios of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and only recently did the country start the projection of extreme precipitation episodes. As such, one of the main purposes of this study is to predict changes in the average climatic conditions of North Korea in the future. The result of comparing downscaled climate change scenarios with observation data for a reference period indicates the high applicability of the MME. Furthermore, this study classifies climatic zones by applying the Köppen–Geiger climatic zones classification to the MME, which is validated for future precipitation and temperature. The result suggests that the continental climate that covers the inland area for the reference climate is expected to shift into the temperate climate. Moreover, the coefficient of variation (CV) in the temperature ensemble is particularly low for the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula, and, accordingly, a high possibility of the shifting climatic zone of the coast is predicted.

TRANSFORMATION OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE NORTH OF CENTRAL ASIA UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bair Tsydypov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Entire Study Area

The geoecological features of the transformation of individual components of the natural environment (vegetation, soils, surface waters) in different climatic zones of the north of Central Asia under climate change have been identified. Trends of NDVI, air temperature and precipitation were calculated for the wet (1980-1998) and dry (1999-2017) periods. A statistically significant trend was established for an increase in air temperature and a decrease in precipitation. The situation of extreme low water in the Baikal basin in 2014-2015 is discussed. During the wet period, positive NDVI trends are observed for almost the entire study area, while the dry period is characterized by a significant increase in negative NDVI trends.

scholarly journals MAPPING OF THE LAND COVER SPATIOTEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS IN NORTHERN RUSSIA CAUSED BY CLIMATE CHANGE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Panidi ◽  
V. Tsepelev ◽  
N. Torlopova ◽  
A. Bobkov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Vegetation Productivity ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Northern Russia

The study is devoted to the investigation of regional climate change in Northern Russia. Due to sparseness of the meteorological observation network in northern regions, we investigate the application capabilities of remotely sensed vegetation cover as indicator of climate change at the regional scale. In previous studies, we identified statistically significant relationship between the increase of surface air temperature and increase of the shrub vegetation productivity. We verified this relationship using ground observation data collected at the meteorological stations and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data produced from Terra/MODIS satellite imagery. Additionally, we designed the technique of growing seasons separation for detailed investigation of the land cover (shrub cover) dynamics. Growing seasons are the periods when the temperature exceeds +5°C and +10°C. These periods determine the vegetation productivity conditions (i.e., conditions that allow growth of the phytomass). We have discovered that the trend signs for the surface air temperature and NDVI coincide on planes and river floodplains. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; On the current stage of the study, we are working on the automated mapping technique, which allows to estimate the direction and magnitude of the climate change in Northern Russia. This technique will make it possible to extrapolate identified relationship between land cover and climate onto territories with sparse network of meteorological stations. We have produced the gridded maps of NDVI and NDWI for the test area in European part of Northern Russia covered with the shrub vegetation. Basing on these maps, we may determine the frames of growing seasons for each grid cell. It will help us to obtain gridded maps of the NDVI linear trend for growing seasons on cell-by-cell basis. The trend maps can be used as indicative maps for estimation of the climate change on the studied areas.

scholarly journals Impact of climat changes on agro-climatic indices of the vegetative period of main agricultural crops

2017 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
A. N. Polevoy ◽  
L. E. Bozhko ◽  
E. A. Barsukova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Thermal Indicators

Article in question investigates indicators of the moisture-temperature regime for the period of 1986 - 2005 (base period) and compares them to their expected changes calculated for different scenarios of climate change GFDL-30 %, A1B, A2, RCP4,5 and RCP8,5 for the period of 2021 - 2050 on the territory of Ukraine. Calculations reviled that most abrupt changes in moisture-temperature indicators in different soil-climatic zones of Ukraine can be expected in case of scenarios GFDL-30 %, А1В and А2. In case of scenarios of climate change RСР4,5, RСР8,5 thermal indicators are expected to be at the level of multilevel averages in all natural and climatic zones of Ukraine, except for Southern Steppe, where they are expected to grow. The greatest changes in all areas are expected under scenario GFDL-30 %, and they will increase from north to south. Under scenario А1В the greatest difference between calculated values and average multi-year values will be observed in the Forest-Steppe zone and in the Southern Steppe. Under scenarios RCP4,5 и RCP8,5 significant changes in the temperature regime are predicted only for the south and east of Ukraine. At the same time, according to the scenario of RCP4.5, a significant increase in seasonal winter air temperatures is forecasted. Analysis of the results of calculations for different climatic scenarios of water availability indicators for different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine for the period from 2021 to 2050 reviled that the most drastic changes in the climatic parameters of humidification are expected in the case of the scenarios GFDL-30 %, A1B and A2. In case of climate change scenarios RCP4.5, RCP8.5, no quick changes in the distribution of precipitation over the territory of Ukraine should be ex-pected. The greatest amount of precipitation for the year and in average for the seasons of the year is projected for the western regions of the country, the least one - for the southern regions. At the same time, for most regions the trend to increase the amount of precipitation is most likely in the case of the development of the GFDL-30 %, A1B and A2 scenarios. However, according to the scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, rainfall is expected to decline for the year as a whole and especially in the summer season in comparison with the actual for 1986 - 2005.

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