METODOLOGÍAS DE MEDICIÓN DE LA SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA NUTRICIONAL EN LA REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Flor Feuermann ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Argentine Republic ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT Introduction: food is a human right and a basic need for their subsistence and development. enough food is produced worldwide to supply all inhabitants and satisfy their caloric and nutritional needs. But the mere fact of producing them does not ensure access to safe and nutritious food for all. Therefore, the correct measurement of nutritional food insecurity is essential for a better understanding of this phenomenon, allowing better communication between society, decision-makers and the political agenda. Objectives: analyze the strengths and limitations of the methodologies used to measure nutritional food security in the Argentine Republic between 1984 and 2017. Materials and methods: a systematic review of articles published in five electronic databases was carried out: Scopus, SciELO, PubMed, BVS and Redalyc. The categories analyzed were the nutritional food security measurement methodologies (when people enjoy food security in addition to a healthy environment, as well as adequate health, education and care), with their type of technique, level, duration and dimension evaluated, limitations and strengths. The search terms used were food insecurity, food security, hunger, food sovereignty, food policy, food availability, nutritional programs, nutritional policies and food assistance. Results: after the search, 22 articles were selected for analysis. Conclusions: all the methodologies analyzed take partial aspects. A methodology has not yet been developed that reflects the multisectoral (food, agricultural, governmental, economic, social, etc.) and multidimensional (access, availability, use and stability) nature of the concept of nutritional food security. Having an adequate measurement of nutritional food security is essential to assess the state of nutritional food insecurity in the Argentine Republic, the government policies that are developed under this concept and verify its impact on the health and nutrition of the Argentine population. Key words: food security; food insecurity; hunger; nutrition policy; Argentina.

scholarly journals Food Security, Environmental Health, and the Economy in Mexico: Lessons Learned with the COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7470
Author(s):  
Rebeca Monroy-Torres ◽  
Ángela Castillo-Chávez ◽  
Erika Carcaño-Valencia ◽  
Marco Hernández-Luna ◽  
Alex Caldera-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Mesh Terms

The COVID-19 pandemic showed an impact mainly on the health of people and the economy of households. The levels of food security in the world’s households, especially in Mexico, have decreased. When people do not have food security, their health is compromised and they have financial problems; on the other hand, environmental deterioration has a link with food security. The purpose of this review is to analysis of the current situation in Mexico of food security, environmental health and economy, the main lessons learned in these areas and their proposals integrating public policies. A review was carried out in the main databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts y PAIS Index) with the following keywords and according to the MeSH terms: Food security, food insecurity, environmental health, public policies, environmental, production, integrating the word COVID-19 in English and Spanish. Only 44.5% of Mexican households presented food security. For food insecurity, 22.6% had moderate and severe food insecurity, while 32.9% had mild insecurity. Food insecurity and the health impacts of environmental origin (waste management during the coronavirus pandemic, water contaminated by bacteria, viruses, and toxins; air pollution) generates impacts on economic activity by not offering food that meets health regulations. Without the application of cost-effective measures and interventions for the prevention and control of patients with obesity, the direct costs for 2023 will amount to 9 million dollars, which worsens the household economy. Despite having laws and policies on the right to food, a healthy environment (water), and opportunities for economic growth, these human rights are not fulfilled. The conclusion is that it is necessary to use a health and agroecological model to promote public policies (health, environment, and economy) that aims to prevent the discussed issues, with multidisciplinary and intersectoral interventions (government, academia, researchers, civil society organizations, industry, and population). This upholds the human right that all people should enjoy an adequate, healthy environment and have access to high-quality food.

scholarly journals Globally Securing Food in an Insecure World – Opportunities and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Food

This paper looks into the necessity of a global governance system for food security from a "humane" side, with a focus on countries and MNCs. It also explores potential mechanisms to drive MNCs involvement in the global governance of food security into a more inclusive path. Furthermore, the paper explores a more sustainable side to globally governing food security. All in all, this paper calls for the reshaping of a global governance system that better matches the root causes of food insecurity, rather than tries to solve hunger with food aid and provision. The solution starts with asking the right questions. The global governance system should adopt a sole human rights framework while addressing food insecurity. It should acknowledge that questions such as “for whose benefit?” is just as important as “how to produce more?”. Although effective, International Governmental Organizations should further consider how global rules affect different people, who will bear the risks, who will get the benefits from changes, who remain disempowered, and whose ability to control is neglected or enhanced. Global food policy should not just be feeding people, but rather feeding them equitably, appropriately, and sustainably. This brings about a new global food regime that’s integrative of the human right to food.

scholarly journals The Adverse Effects Government Initiatives Have on Aboriginal Food Insecurity

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinonso Ekeanyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Community Food Security ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Scarcity ◽  
The Government

This research paper focuses on the attempts of the Canadian government to deal with food scarcity in the Indigenous community. Despite the many efforts of the government to make amends with the Indigenous population, they have some of the highest rates of poverty demographically in Canada. Food scarcity is a major topic when talking about Indigenous people because many live in areas where there is no access to healthy affordable food. Many do not have access to traditional food and are unable to exercise their right as Indigenous people to fish and hunt. Within this paper, three pertinent examples are explored: first, the lack of regard for Indigenous food sovereignty; second, the issue of fishing legislations; finally, food security initiatives in the North. Far from meaningfully, addressing food insecurity, nutritional programs designed by the federal government have often exacerbated the issue. This is likely due to the lack of involvement from the Indigenous community and their leaders in decision-making. By incorporating the Indigenous community, food security laws and programs made for Indigenous people have the potential to actually have a positive impact on the Indigenous community. Ce document de recherche se concentre sur les efforts du gouvernement canadien d’affronter la pénurie alimentaire dans la communauté autochtone. Malgré les nombreux efforts déployés par le gouvernement pour aider la population autochtone, leur niveau de pauvreté est parmi les plus élevés au Canada. La pénurie alimentaire est un problème majeur en ce qui concerne les Autochtones, car beaucoup d’entre eux vivent dans des zones qui n’ont pas accès à des aliments sains et abordables. Beaucoup n’ont pas accès à la nourriture traditionnelle et sont incapables d’exercer leur droit en tant que peuple indigène de pêcher et de chasser. Dans ce document, trois exemples pertinents sont explorés: premièrement, le manque de respect pour la souveraineté alimentaire indigène; deuxièmement, le problème des législations de pêche; et en fin, les initiatives de sécurité alimentaire au Nord. Pour tenter de remédier à l’insécurité alimentaire, les programmes nutritionnels conçus par le gouvernement fédéral ont souvent exacerbé la question. Cela est probablement dû au manque d’implication de la communauté autochtone et de ses dirigeants dans la prise de décision concernant ces programmes. En incorporant la communauté autochtone dans la discussion entourant les lois et les programmes de sécurité alimentaire, ils ont le potentiel d’avoir un impact réel et positif sur la communauté indigene. 

scholarly journals Examining the impact of COVID-19 and its related lockdown on food security and job losses: A case of Kumasi, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Adusei
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The COVID-19 and partial lockdown has brought significant effects on the entire economy, especially on food security and job losses. This study was carried out in Asokwa Municipal with the objective of examining the impact of COVID-19 disease and its related lockdown on food and nutrition security and job losses. The study site form part of the cities in Ghana to experience the partial lockdown, hence it qualifies for the selection. Both primary and secondary data were used. By means of purposive sampling technique, fifty respondents were selected as sample size. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive and narrative posture to the presentation, discussion and analysis of data. Open-ended questionnaire and a checklist were used for data collection through semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that, food and nutrition insecurity, job loss and income reductions are still very common, affecting participants livelihood. Disproportionally affected are households whose income comes from farming, transporters, informal labour, as well as marketers.It was concluded that food insecurity is not outside the impact of COVID-19 and its associated partial lockdown. Food and nutrition security are the global concern at present circumstances. The supply chain has been hit hardest by COVID-19, which causes food insecurity of most vulnerable segment of population which put them at risk. And also, most of the migrant, informal, seasonal farm workers were losing their jobs which may affect their demand for food. Therefore, the government should step-up the measures to control the pandemic without disturbing the food supply chain. The development and use of online marketing strategies where people can make orders of various produce and booked for purchases and or deliveries during a stated time range should be promoted.

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of Crises on Food Security in Lebanon: Results from a National Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8753
Author(s):  
Maha Hoteit ◽  
Youssef Al-Atat ◽  
Hussein Joumaa ◽  
Suheir El Ghali ◽  
Rania Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Food Consumption Score ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to explore the prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among Lebanese households since the ordeals of COVID-19, economic crisis, and Beirut port explosions. At the core of the study, a mobile application entitled Nutrition Assessment System (NAS) that simplified the data collection was used as toolkit and a technical test was carried out in all Lebanese governorates between November 2020 and March 2021. Findings show that food insecurity is an immediate problem for households in Beirut and in many governorates in Lebanon. Nine in every 16 households ate less than 2 meals per day and more than 70% of them skipped their meals to spare food. Even though half the population studied had a low food consumption score, 82.4% of the people were not relying on livelihood coping strategies. However, more than three out of ten of these households relied on at least three food-based coping strategies. In addition, as for the livelihoods, this assessment found that most Lebanese households reported a drop in income along with an expansion in debt incurrence in the last 24 months to be able to buy food. Improving food security in Lebanon requires effort not only on the part of the government, but through regional and international actions.

scholarly journals Elderly Perception of Distance to the Grocery Store as a Reason for Feeling Food Insecurity—Can Food Policy Limit This?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3191
Author(s):  
Robert Gajda ◽  
Marzena Jeżewska-Zychowicz
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Purchase

The sense of food insecurity in a group of elderly people may be determined by the perception of distance to food outlets. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the perception of food insecurity by the elderly and their perception of the distance between the places of residence and food purchase. A cross-sectional quantitative survey was carried out in 2019–2020 amongst 762 Polish elderly living in Świętokrzyskie and Śląskie Voivodeship. The assessment of the relationships between the perceived food insecurity due to living too far away from the grocery shops and socio-demographic features was performed using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), chi-square tests, and Phi and Cramér’s V coefficients. Too great a distance to the place of food purchase was the cause of a lack of a sense of food security in 20.5% of the study sample, especially in men, people aged 75 and more, people living in a rural environment and people living alone. People reporting a lack of food due to the distance to the place of purchase showed socio-demographic characteristics similar to those of people declaring a lack of a sense of food security. Reduced food consumption due to the distance from the place of sale, including of fish (24.8%), some fruits (18.9%) and vegetables (15.4%) and beef (17.3%), may contribute to the deterioration of the diet and, as a result, health conditions. Including access to places of the sale of food in food policy as a factor contributing to ensuring the food security of older people can help to maintain a better quality of life and avoid exclusion. Especially in a situation of limited independence, food insecurity in elders due to causes other than financial limitations should be a focus of food policy.

Achieving Food Security Through Localisation, Not Aid: “De-development” and Food Sovereignty in the Palestinian Territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
Yara M. Asi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Humanitarian Crises

Food aid is a common response to the food insecurity brought by conflict and inadequate development. Yet the very well-intentioned actions that are meant to stave off immediate humanitarian crises may, in the long-term, serve as tools that promote dependence, decrease the likelihood of sustainable development, and make peace less possible. In this article, I examine food insecurity and food aid in the conflict-affected Palestinian territories. I will describe ways in which Palestinian efforts to localise food production and increase food security are actively hindered, as well as how the system of humanitarian food assistance meant to fill these gaps may in fact perpetuate them. Finally, I discuss policy recommendations for stakeholders in the conflict that can encourage Palestinian food sovereignty in a manner that increases prospects for long-term peace and development, while providing immediate benefits for Palestinian quality of life and well-being.

The Securitisation of Food Security in Colombia, 1970–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
ENZO NUSSIO ◽  
CORINNE A. PERNET
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Free Market ◽  
World Food ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
National Priority ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

AbstractAfter the world food crisis of the early 1970s, food policies became a ‘national priority’ for Colombian development. Colombia was the first country to implement the multi-sectoral approach proposed by international organisations. However, in the past 30 years Colombian governments have presented nutrition as a minor health issue. During the recent world food crisis, the government insisted that Colombia was one of the most food-secure countries in the world. In seemingly similar circumstances, why was food policy made a priority in the 1970s and not in the new millennium? We address this question with the help of securitisation theory. We argue that in the 1970s, the government successfully securitised the food issue in the context of a reduction of external food aid and a failed land reform. Recent national governments (as opposed to some local governments) have had little interest in a securitising move since the related food sovereignty discourses threaten their free market policies.

scholarly journals First Nations households living on-reserve experience food insecurity: prevalence and predictors among ninety-two First Nations communities across Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (S1) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malek Batal ◽  
Hing Man Chan ◽  
Karen Fediuk ◽  
Amy Ing ◽  
Peter R. Berti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Environment Study ◽  
Households With Children

Abstract Objective To describe the prevalence of food insecurity in First Nations households across Canada while identifying barriers and enablers to traditional food (TF) consumption. Methods The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study is a cross-Canada participatory study of on-reserve First Nations from 2008 to 2018. The Household Food Security Survey Module was used to capture income-related challenges experienced by First Nations households. Households were classified as food secure, or marginally, moderately, or severely food insecure. Barriers and enablers to TF access and use were identified describing the Indigenous experience. Results Almost half of on-reserve First Nations households were food insecure and the prevalence was higher than that for non-Indigenous households in Canada. On-reserve food insecurity prevalence was higher in western regions of Canada. First Nations households with children experienced greater food insecurity than those without children. More adults experienced severe food insecurity than children. Most adults would like to have more TF in their diet but state that factors such as financial and household constraints, industrial activities, government regulations, climate change, and fear of contamination impede greater access. Food costs were substantially higher in remote First Nations communities, but remoteness was not associated with food security in multivariable analysis. Conclusion Existing systems have been unsuccessful in curbing the food insecurity in First Nations households. Improving food security hinges on achieving Indigenous Food Sovereignty, the key to long-term conservation and stewardship of the land and the co-management of these by Indigenous Peoples. Studies investigating the feasibility of increasing TF from an Indigenous perspective are required.

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