scholarly journals THOSE DEPENDANT ON THE DRUGS DO NOT SIT AT AUDITORIUM’S DESK

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Ramunė Švedaitė ◽  
Sigita Švedienė
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Drug Abusers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
Drug Overdosage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

The authors‘ of the article assumption that the majority of traffic accidents are caused by drivers – drug and psychotropic substances abusers – is based on the findings of the European Union DRUID Project. Drug addiction is spreading rapidly in Lithuania. The statistical data of the Drug Control Department under the Government of the Republic of Lithuania prove that the majority of drug abusers are young people of 20–39 years of age. Young people whose efforts and time should be directed towards education and studies. The authors focus attention on the increasing delinquency among drug abusers and the lethal outcome of the drug overdosage. However, it is not a specific national feature. This phenomenon is widely spread from both time and geographical perspective. The established in vitro methods of detection at major extent facilitate the struggle against drug abuse and distribution. In many European cities this method is already being applied when detecting islands of cocaine abusers by the chemical analysis of communal sewage, thus quantitatively identifying the concentration of benzoilekgonin - the stable cocaine metabolite. The article provides a description of the SYNCHRON CX test for identification of cocaine in urine produced by „Beckman Coulter“. Key words: drugs, the metabolite of cocaine, urban wastewater treatment.

Wyzwanie dla tożsamości międzynarodowej Macedonii – grecko macedoński spór o nazwę państwa

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-350
Author(s):  
Artur Adamczyk ◽  
Mladen Karadzoski
Keyword(s):  
The European Union ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road ◽  
International Identity ◽  
Of Greece

The main purpose of the article is to present how the Greek- -Macedonian naming dispute influenced the problem of implementation the international identity of Macedonia. Despite the initial problems of the government in Skopje related to determining their international identity, Macedonians managed to define the principles regarding the identification of a new state on the international stage. As a small country with limited attributes to shape its international position, Macedonia has basically been determined to seek guarantees for its existence and security in stable and predictable European international structures such as NATO and the European Union. The main obstacle for Macedonians on the road to Euro-Atlantic structures was the veto of Greece, a member of these organizations, resulting from Athens’ refusal to accept the name the Republic of Macedonia. The Prespa Agreement of 2018 gave a new impetus to the realization of the international identity of North Macedonia.

scholarly journals Protecting the Best Interests of the Child: A Comparative Analysis of the Youth Justice Systems in Ireland, England and Scotland

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
International Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
Best Interest Principle

AbstractIn the Republic of Ireland the government has proposed amending the Irish Constitution in order to improve children's rights. In this article I will argue that the proposed amendment represents a serious diminution in the rights historically afforded to young people who offend, disregards Ireland's commitments under international law and also ignores the well established link between child maltreatment and youth offending. The Irish approach echoes developments in the English youth justice system where the welfare concerns of young people who offend have become marginalised. I will compare the Irish and English approaches with the Scottish youth justice system which looks beyond young people's offending behaviour and provides a multi-disciplinary assessment of the young person's welfare needs. I will conclude that in Ireland, and in England, the best interest principle must be applied fully, without any distinction and integrated in all law relevant to children including laws regulating anti-social and offending behaviour.

scholarly journals Changes in the number of traffic accidents fatalities in the Republic of Serbia

Tehnika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-484
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Petrović ◽  
Dragan Jovanović ◽  
Predrag Stanojević
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic

The paper analyzes the changes in the number of traffic accidents fatalities in the Republic of Serbia. The statistical significance of the change in the number of fatalities in relation to the period before and after the application of the new Law on Traffic Safety was tested. The results indicate the significance of the change in the total number of fatalities, fatalities of drivers of passenger cars, motorcyclists and mopedists, fatalities of male persons and young people.

scholarly journals Status prawny mniejszości narodowych w Republice Słowackiej

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Puzyniak
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Położenie mniejszości narodowych na terenie Republiki Słowackiej regulują liczne akty prawne. Wśród nich znajdują się dokumenty przyjmowane na gruncie krajowym oraz rozwiązania o charakterze międzynarodowym. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie treści najważniejszych ustaw oraz dokumentów, które wpływają na położenie mniejszości narodowych na Słowacji, a także przybliżenie reakcji organizacji międzynarodowych na wprowadzane przez Bratysławę regulacje prawne. The legal status of national minorities in the Slovak Republic The location of national minorities in the territory of the Slovak Republic is regulated by numerous national acts, the most important of which are the constitution, the law on the use of national minority languages and the law on the state language. References to national minorities can be found in many other acts, such as the Act on counteracting discrimination, the Act on Upbringing and Education and the Act on Radio and Television. The issue of minorities is also raised in bilateral agreements, an example of which is the agreement on good neighbourliness and friendly cooperation between the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Hungary. The legal situation of minorities in Slovakia is also influenced by international organizations to which Bratislava belongs. In this case, the Council of Europe’s most significant influence, the European Union, the Central European Initiative and the United Nations. Over the years, the Slovak authorities have also created institutions responsible for activities for national minorities, and among them, an important function is performed by the Government Plenipotentiary of the Slovak Republic for National Minorities. This article aims to analyse the legal acts and institutions regulating the legal status of national minorities in Slovakia. The publication is also intended to show that the issue of minorities is covered in many legal solutions, and the Slovak authorities have developed a system of protection and support for this community over the years. The author used the institutional and legal method.

The Brand New Version of Article 301 of Turkish Penal Code and the Future of Freedom of Expression Cases in Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2237-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bülent Algan
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
List Type ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code (TPC), much debated at both national and international levels, has recently been subject to an amendment aimed at clarifying its meaning and averting more distressing cases related to freedom of expression. It should be noted that the former article 301 was an amended version of article 159 of the former TPC of 1926. As Türkan Sancar rightly states in her comprehensive book on both articles 159 and 301, article 159 is an article which has been revised many times. It was amended seven times after coming into effect in 1926 (in 1936, 1938, 1946, 1961, twice in 2002, and 2003). The new TPC was introduced as a package of penal-law reform prior to the opening of negotiations for Turkish membership of the European Union, and came into effect on 1 June 2005. Article 301 stated the following:1.A person who publicly denigrates Turkishness, the Republic or the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, shall be sentenced a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to three years.2.A person who publicly denigrates the Government of the Republic of Turkey, the judicial bodies of the State, the military or security organizations, shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to two years.3.Where denigrating of Turkishness is committed by a Turkish citizen in another country, the penalty to be imposed shall be increased by one third.4.Expressions of thought intended to criticize shall not constitute a crime.

Estonian Legal Culture on the Threshold to the 21st Century

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peeter Järvelaid
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The Republic of Estonia is one of those European countries for which the year 1918 meant a deep and radical change in the development of their states. During the last decade, these states – Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic (the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic in 1918), Poland, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia – have all become Member States of or applicant countries to the European Union. On 28 July 1922, the Republic of Estonia was de jure recognized by the Government of the United States. This was an important act, since soon afterwards, on 22 September 1922, Estonia became a member of the League of Nations. Estonia had thus become a subject of international law.

scholarly journals THE DETERMINING FACTORS OF THE BRAIN DRAIN IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY OF THE COUNTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Andrijana Ristovska ◽  
Marija Magdinceva Sopova ◽  
Kiril Postolov ◽  
Saso Josimovski
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Brain

This paper elaborates the issue about the ,,brain drain” phenomenon observing it through the prism of its intensity in the Republic of Macedonia and its positive and negative impacts, but also its effects on the development of the economy in the country. This research, which covered 1400 respondents from the target group of young people, aged between 15 and 29, begins by providing answers to the questions about the extent to which this phenomenon is present in Macedonia, what are the characteristics of the people who tend to leave the country, what are the pull factors that attract them to go abroad and also, what are the push factors that stimulate them to leave their own country, what are their expectations in relation to the development of the country in the future, what are their opinions about the effects of the brain drain on the development of the country – whether they are positive or negative effects and finally, which measures and policies, according to the respondents are of a great importance and should be taken by the government institutions and authorities, non-governmental organizations and private sector in order to reduce brain drain in the country.Republic of Macedonia is threatened by serious losses from brain drain that could decrease the human capital of the country and its economic growth. Macedonia faces a serious brain drain threat: 77.03% of respondents have firm stances to permanently leave the country, which is equal to loss of intellectual potential, loss of future skilled workers and entrepreneurs. It is a huge number of young people and poses a great danger to the aging of the population in the country, a risk to the economic potential and economic development of the country, especially if the continuity of migration lasts for a long time.Fortunately, the brain drain is a dynamic phenomenon, and its direction and intensity can be significantly changed through honest, serious and selfless efforts of all social stakeholders. In this direction, well-designed measures for the preservation of human capital in the country and their consistent implementation in practice, could turn this trend of brain drain into a successful brain circulation in Macedonia for a period of 5-10 years.Based on the presented results of the research given in the following text, but also on the basis of personal expertise and continuous monitoring of the brain drain process from the country, we propose several most important recommendations for activities at different levels of influence.

scholarly journals THE FLAWS OF THE SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTING FOR THE VALUE-ADDED TAX LIABILITIES AND RECEIVABLES, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OVERCOMING THEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1613-1618
Author(s):  
Nada Petrusheva ◽  
Darko Iliov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reduced Rate

Value-added tax (VAT) is a consumption tax, meaning that it is a tax on the purchase of a product or a service. It is a form of taxation that focuses on how much an individual consumes opposed to how much that individual contributes to the economy (income tax).Value-added tax is paid by residents of any country in the European Union. Both consumers and businesses are liable to pay VAT when purchasing products or services. When a manufacturer creates a product, it is liable to pay value-added tax on the components purchased in order to create goods. When the product is sold, the tax burden is transferred onto the buyer, who pays the whole VAT amount, from which the manufacturer pays the government the difference between the whole VAT amount and the VAT amount that has already been paid when the components were purchased. Value-added taxation rates are set by the member states individually. The minimum rate of VAT as directed by the European Union is 15%. There is no maximum limit on value-added taxation. Member states are also at liberty to choose certain products and services to be subject to a reduced rate of VAT or to be exempt altogether. The system of accounting for the VAT liabilities and receivables in the Republic of Macedonia has certain issues which are presented in this paper. This paper also presents recommendations that are aimed towards overcoming these issues.

scholarly journals Indonesian Government Strategies On Obtaining Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Market Access To European Union Countries Over The EU Parliament Resolution On Palm Oil And Deforestation Of Rainforest

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Bustanul Arifin ◽  
Komang Audina Permana Putri
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Export Destination ◽  
The Eu

Indonesia is the largest producer of palm oil in the world. With Malaysia, palm oil production could account for about eighty percent of global production. Meanwhile, Europe is the country with the third largest CPO export destination for Indonesia after India and China. However, the EU proposed a European Union resolution initiative on palm oil and deforestation of rainforest, which finally passed with the major votes from EU members of Parliament in April 2017. The key point on EU resolution reveals that EU will ban palm oil use for biofuels production by 2020. The purpose of this research is to analyze the Indonesian government’s diplomatic efforts to respond and negotiate with EU regarding the issue. It is also considered important to prevent the global downturn on palm oil products. To analyze the diplomacy effort, the researcher will use qualitative methods presented through data collection from sources such as books, journals, press releases and official reports from institutions in this case the European Union. To support the research, the researcher also uses primary data through the interview with one of the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia for diplomatic actions conducted by Indonesian government. This research finds that the government of Indonesian finally combined several soft diplomatic strategies to face EU both directly and indirectly.Keywords: Strategies, Government of Indonesia, Trade, Palm Oil, EU Resolution, Deforestation

scholarly journals E-Governance in Republic of Srpska - Challenges and Prospects

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Drljača ◽  
Branko Latinović
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Services ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

In order to ensure quality of life of its citizens, the European Union member states are in the process of modernisation of their public services through utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT). In this process, each state is selecting own way to meet citizens’ demands for provision of more quality, efficient and flexible public services. One of the main interests of actual Government in the Republic of Srpska (RS) is to protect economic interests of its citizens, as well as to transform its services and functions in order to improve overall quality of life in RS. The implementation of e-Government and e-Governance is one of the main strategic commitments. In order to meet these EU trends, the Government of the Republic of Srpska made first steps in introducing new public services to facilitate communication with its citizens. The Government of the Republic of Srpska recognized benefits of these trends and their impacts on the overall development of society and economy improvement of quality of life of its citizens. With the introduction of these modern services, the citizens in RS should skip lines and shorten the waiting time for response from Governmental bodies related to their requests that will give them more time for other activities.This paper gives brief analysis of challenges and prospects for implementation of e-Government and e-Governance initiatives, as one of the pillars for successful development of the Republic of Srpska as knowledge based economy and information society with benefits that improve citizens’ life. The paper also gives brief review of main strategic document, which gives governmental vision for implementation, as well as introduction of eSrpska- public administration portal.

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